Systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions relevant for young offenders with mood disorders, anxiety disorders, or self-harm

Background: Mood and anxiety disorders, and problems with self harm are significant and serious issues that are common in young people in the Criminal Justice System. Aims: To examine whether interventions relevant to young offenders with mood or anxiety disorders, or problems with self harm are effective. Method: Systematic review and meta-analysis of data from randomised controlled trials relevant to young offenders experiencing these problems. Results: An exhaustive search of the worldwide literature (published and unpublished)yielded 10 studies suitable for inclusion in this review. Meta-analysis of data from three studies (with a total population of 171 individuals) revealed that group-based Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) may help to reduce symptoms of depression in young offenders. Conclusions: These preliminary findings suggest that group-based CBT may be useful for young offenders with such mental health problems, but larger high quality RCTs are now needed to bolster the evidence-base.

Hábitos saudáveis na velhice : efeitos de uma intervenção psicoeducativa com homens idosos

O presente estudo teve por objetivo investigar os efeitos de uma intervenção psicoeducativa em grupo que foi planejada para fortalecer o autocuidado em idosos do sexo masculino. Participaram treze homens recrutados em um Centro de Convivência para Idosos em funcionamento em uma universidade privada localizada em Brasília, Brasil, com idades entre 62 e 78 anos (M= 69,5), todos eles casados, alfabetizados, aposentados e com doenças crónicas. Dados referentes aos hábitos de vida dos idosos foram obtidos mediante entrevistas individuais conduzidas antes e após o engajamento destes em nove encontros temáticos em grupo embasados no modelo cognitivo-comportamental. Os resultados evidenciaram o fortalecimento, no repertório comportamental dos participantes, da prática de exercícios físicos, de um padrão de alimentação saudável e de comportamentos assertivos, além da maior ênfase em crenças quanto aos benefícios de condutas promotoras de saúde. A intervenção mostrou-se vantajosa para maximizar hábitos de vida saudáveis, embora tenha evidenciado efeitos maiores para sensibilização e manutenção do que para modificação de comportamentos. _______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT

Efeitos de intervenção cognitivo-comportamental sobe a percepção de doença de pessoas que vivem com HIV/AIDS

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Psicologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Processos de Desenvolvimento Humano e Saúde, 2016.

Abuso de alcohol e intervención mediante habilidades sociales en estudiantes del colegio “Ezequiel Cárdenas Espinoza” Azogues-Ecuador

Identificar los casos de abuso de alcohol y desarrollar una estrategia de prevención mediante fortalecimiento de las habilidades sociales desde un enfoque cognitivo-conductual. Material y métodos: Se desarrolló un estudio con enfoque cuantitativo, diseño descriptivo y de intervención. Se incluyó a 232 estudiantes matriculados en el colegio Ezequiel Cárdenas Espinoza, de la ciudad de Azogues, que aceptaron participar mediante el asentimiento informado y que no presentaban enfermedades físicas o mentales. Se aplicó el test Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) y los CAPs para evaluar los conocimientos, actitudes y las prácticas. Se aplicó un programa psicoterapéutico con enfoque cognitivo-conductual para fortalecer las habilidades sociales de los estudiantes seleccionados, en 16 sesiones con los subtemas específicos, mediante talleres participativos y motivacionales. Resultados: Los 232 estudiantes tuvieron la edad media de 14.9 ± 2.07 años. El 47% sexo masculino y el 53% sexo femenino; Según el SRQ, el 23.3% (n=54) de estudiantes consumía alcohol con patrón que sugiere consumo problemático, los varones consumen más que las mujeres en relación 3 a 1. Con la estrategia de prevención de enfoque cognitivo-conductual se obtuvo cambios estadísticamente significativos en conocimientos y actitudes (p < 0.05), no así en el cambio de prácticas (p > 0.05). Conclusión: La prevalencia de abuso de alcohol en los estudiantes del colegio Ezequiel Cárdenas es más alto que el reportado en otros estudios. La intervención con enfoque cognitivo-conductual mediante fortalecimiento de habilidades sociales produjo mejoría en conocimientos y actitudes

Developmental, relational and situational characteristics of maritally abusive men

Rapport de stage présenté à la Faculté des Arts et Sciences en vue de l’obtention du grade de Maître des Sciences (M. Sc.) en Criminologie, Option Stage en Intervention

Developmental, relational and situational characteristics of maritally abusive men

Rapport de stage présenté à la Faculté des Arts et Sciences en vue de l’obtention du grade de Maître des Sciences (M. Sc.) en Criminologie, Option Stage en Intervention

An intervention program for children with school failure problems.

School failure is a chronic problem in many developing countries and in some developed as Portugal due to factors like cognitive deficiencies of children, an inadequate family environment, low SES and bad teaching methods or school organization. It is important to develop effective and simple intervention strategies able to cope with the problem at an individual level independently of the cause. The general objective of the following study is to develop behavioral training techniques to help children with problems of school failure. 6 - 12 years old children attending ISCED 1, with academic difficulties because of family problems, social exclusion (living in poverty or belonging to an ethnic minority) or poor schooling were trained. Cognitive-behavioral techniques that have been widely used to train persons with intellectual, sensorial, physical or social deficiencies were applied. Results are evaluated in terms of % of attained objectives, time, and (subjective) teacher satisfaction. Some results of individual children are shown. Training programs seem to be successful independently of the (mostly unknown) cause of failure of the trained subject.

The future of cognitive and behavioral therapies in the prevention and early management of psychosis : opportunities and risks

Behavioral and cognitive interventions for people with psychosis have a long and distinguished history, although the evidence for their application to young people remains limited. We anticipate that the next decades will show substantial research into psychological intervention for this population. Important targets will include the management of environmental stressors, reduction of substance misuse, and promotion of early treatment. Psychological management of positive symptoms, depression, and suicidal behavior will continue to be critical objectives. Important secondary prevention goals will be the retention of cognitive functioning, vocational options, social skills, and social network support, including appropriate family support. We expect primary prevention to include both universal programs and interventions for adolescents at particularly high risk. Technical innovations will include increasing use of Internet-based intervention and behavior cueing devices. Pressures for intervention brevity will continue, as will problems with the systematic delivery of effective procedures.

Long-term outcome after cognitive and behavioral regression in nonlesional epilepsy with continuous spike-waves during slow-wave sleep.

PURPOSE: To present the long-term follow-up of 10 adolescents and young adults with documented cognitive and behavioral regression as children due to nonlesional focal, mainly frontal, epilepsy with continuous spike-waves during slow wave sleep (CSWS). METHODS: Past medical and electroencephalography (EEG) data were reviewed and neuropsychological tests exploring main cognitive functions were administered. KEY FINDINGS: After a mean duration of follow-up of 15.6 years (range, 8-23 years), none of the 10 patients had recovered fully, but four regained borderline to normal intelligence and were almost independent. Patients with prolonged global intellectual regression had the worst outcome, whereas those with more specific and short-lived deficits recovered best. The marked behavioral disorders resolved in all but one patient. Executive functions were neither severely nor homogenously affected. Three patients with a frontal syndrome during the active phase (AP) disclosed only mild residual executive and social cognition deficits. The main cognitive gains occurred shortly after the AP, but qualitative improvements continued to occur. Long-term outcome correlated best with duration of CSWS. SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings emphasize that cognitive recovery after cessation of CSWS depends on the severity and duration of the initial regression. None of our patients had major executive and social cognition deficits with preserved intelligence, as reported in adults with early destructive lesions of the frontal lobes. Early recognition of epilepsy with CSWS and rapid introduction of effective therapy are crucial for a best possible outcome.

Issues in multidisciplinary training of cognitive-behavioural interventions

Argues that if brief workshop training is used as the primary method of disseminating behavior therapy skills across professions, it will provide an inadequate preparation, especially for higher levels of behavioral practice. In some circumstances, brief training may lead to an overestimation of behavioral skills by the trainees. These issues are discussed in the context of current moves toward providing health professionals with multiple skills. Examples are provided of situations in which generic health professionals received brief workshop training in behavior therapy and attempted to make use of that training in their jobs. There is no substitute for ongoing training and consultation by senior clinical psychologists who are expert in behavior therapy.

Prediction of outcome with group cognitive therapy for depression

Tested a social–cognitive model of depressive episodes and their treatment within a predictive study of treatment response. 42 clinically depressed volunteers (aged 22–60 yrs) were given self-efficacy (SE) questionnaires and other measures before and after treatment with cognitive therapy. Results support the idea that SE and skills regarding control of negative cognition mediates a sustained response to cognitive treatment for depression. Not only did mood-control variables correlate highly with concurrent changes in depression scores during treatment, but the posttreatment SE measure discriminated Ss who relapsed over the next 12 mo.