Performance Improvement of Fuzzy and Neuro Fuzzy Systems: Prediction of Learning Disabilities in School-age Children

Learning Disability (LD) is a classification including several disorders in which a child has difficulty in learning in a typical manner, usually caused by an unknown factor or factors. LD affects about 15% of children enrolled in schools. The prediction of learning disability is a complicated task since the identification of LD from diverse features or signs is a complicated problem. There is no cure for learning disabilities and they are life-long. The problems of children with specific learning disabilities have been a cause of concern to parents and teachers for some time. The aim of this paper is to develop a new algorithm for imputing missing values and to determine the significance of the missing value imputation method and dimensionality reduction method in the performance of fuzzy and neuro fuzzy classifiers with specific emphasis on prediction of learning disabilities in school age children. In the basic assessment method for prediction of LD, checklists are generally used and the data cases thus collected fully depends on the mood of children and may have also contain redundant as well as missing values. Therefore, in this study, we are proposing a new algorithm, viz. the correlation based new algorithm for imputing the missing values and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for reducing the irrelevant attributes. After the study, it is found that, the preprocessing methods applied by us improves the quality of data and thereby increases the accuracy of the classifiers. The system is implemented in Math works Software Mat Lab 7.10. The results obtained from this study have illustrated that the developed missing value imputation method is very good contribution in prediction system and is capable of improving the performance of a classifier.

Quantile based reliability aspects of partial moments

Partial moments are extensively used in literature for modeling and analysis of lifetime data. In this paper, we study properties of partial moments using quantile functions. The quantile based measure determines the underlying distribution uniquely. We then characterize certain lifetime quantile function models. The proposed measure provides alternate definitions for ageing criteria. Finally, we explore the utility of the measure to compare the characteristics of two lifetime distributions

Raman and FTIR studies of the structural aspects of Nasicon-type crystals; AFeTi(PO4)3 [A ¼ Ca, Cd]

Raman and FTIR spectra of CaFeTi(PO4)3 and CdFeTi(PO4)3 are recorded and analyzed. The observed bands are assigned in terms of vibrations of TiO6 octahedra and PO4 tetrahedra. The symmetry of TiO6 octrahedra and PO4 tetrahedra is lowered from their free ion symmetry. The presence of Fe3+ ion disrupts the Ti–O–P–O–Ti chain and leads to the distortion of TiO6 octrahedra and PO4 tetrahedra. The PO4 3 tetrahedra in both crystals are linearly distorted. The covalency bonding factor of PO4 3 polyanion of both the crystals are calculated from the Raman spectra and compared to that of other Nasicon-type systems. The numerical values of covalency bonding factor indicates that there is a reduction in redox energy and cell voltage and is attributed to strong covalency of PO4 3 polyanionin

Socio-Economic Aspects of Sustainable Ecotourism Development: The Case of Kerala

The paper is an attempt to shed light on the socio-economic aspects of the local communities on the development of ecotourism in Kerala. Most of the local communities in the ecotourism destinations are tribes who have been excluded from the mainstream society and are not a part of Kerala’s overall development setting. The paper also tries to situate the community perception on the sustainable livelihood of ecotourism sites of Kerala. Data for the study is obtained from a primary survey by dividing the ecotourism destinations in Kerala into three zones, 230 from south zone, 220 from central zone and 200 from north zone with a total sample size of 650 based on the notion of community based ecotourism initiatives of the state. The result of the study confirms that ecotourism has helped to enhance the livelihood of the marginalized community. With well-knit policies it is possible to tag ecotourism of Kerala as an important tourism destination in the global tourism map

Some Aspects of Domain Specific Conceptual Modeling for Simulation of Logistic Terminal Operations

When simulation modeling is used for performance improvement studies of complex systems such as transport terminals, domain specific conceptual modeling constructs could be used by modelers to create structured models. A two stage procedure which includes identification of the problem characteristics/cluster - ‘knowledge acquisition’ and identification of standard models for the problem cluster – ‘model abstraction’ was found to be effective in creating structured models when applied to certain logistic terminal systems. In this paper we discuss some methods and examples related the knowledge acquisition and model abstraction stages for the development of three different types of model categories of terminal systems

Agricultural Production and Yield Estimation: Two distinctive aspects of Brazilian Agriculture and a perspective on world food problems

Brazil has been increasing its importance in agricultural markets. The reasons are well known to be the relative abundance of land, the increasing technology used in crops, and the development of the agribusiness sector which allow for a fast response to price stimuli. The elasticity of acreage response to increases in expected return is estimated for Soybeans in a dynamic (long term) error correction model. Regarding yield patterns, a large variation in the yearly rates of growth in yield is observed, climate being probably the main source of this variation which result in ‘good’ and ‘bad’ years. In South America, special attention should be given to the El Niño and La Niña phenomena, both said to have important effects on rainfalls patterns and consequently in yield. The influence on El Niño and La Niña in historical data is examined and some ways of estimating the impact of climate on yield of Soybean and Corn markets are proposed. Possible implications of climate change may apply.

Agronomic aspects of intercropping spring or winter peas and cereals as influenced by ploughing system

Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, den Mischfruchtanbau von Sommer- oder Wintererbsen und Getreide zu bewerten und die Eignung einer flachwendenden Bodenbearbeitung im ökologischen Erbsenanbau zu ermitteln. Weiterhin war im Rahmen dieser Arbeit beabsichtigt, den Einfluss einer mechanischen Bodenbelastung zur Saat auf die Leistungsfähigkeit von Sommererbsen in Reinsaat und Gemenge nach tief- (Pflug, 25-30 cm) und flachwendender (Stoppelhobel, 7-12 cm) Bodenbearbeitung zu untersuchen. Zu diesem Zweck wurden Feldversuche mit den Versuchsfaktoren Anbauform (Sommererbsen und Hafer in Reinsaat oder Gemenge), Pflugsystem (flach- und tiefwendend), mechanische Bodenbelastung (0 t; 2,6 t; 4,6 t Hinterradlast) und Standort (Köllitsch, Trenthorst) in 2009 und 2010 durchgeführt. Der Mischfruchtanbau zweier Wintererbsen-Sorten (E.F.B. 33: normalblättrig, buntblühend; James: halbblattlos, weißblühend) nach flach- und tiefwendender Bodenbearbeitung wurde am Standort Trenthorst in den Jahren 2009/10 und 2010/11 untersucht. Zur Untersuchung der Vorfruchtwirkung wurde im Anschluss an die Wintererbsen-Versuche Winterweizen angebaut. Ein Gefäßversuch und ein Bioassay wurde ergänzend zu den Mischfruchtversuchen mit Sommererbsen durchgeführt, um die Ursachen eines unterschiedlichen Unkrautunterdrückungsvermögens in Reinsaaten und Gemenge von Sommererbsen und Hafer bestimmen zu können. Mischfruchtbestände von Erbsen und Getreide unterdrückten annuelle Unkräuter stärker als Erbsen-Reinsaaten, was insbesondere bei halbblattlosen Erbsen zu beobachten war. Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass eine stärkere unterirdische Interaktion zwischen Kulturpflanzen und Unkräutern für die stärkere Unkrautunterdrückung in Erbsen-Hafer-Gemengen im Vergleich zu Erbsen-Reinsaaten verantwortlich war. Die flachwendende Bearbeitung führte in Sommererbsen-Reinsaaten zu einem signifikant höheren Unkrautaufkommen, wohingegen in den Erbsen-Hafer-Gemengen eine vergleichbare (Köllitsch) oder signifikant höhere (Trenthorst) Verunkrautung nach flachwendender Bearbeitung vorhanden war. In den Wintererbsen-Versuchen waren keine signifikanten Unterschiede hinsichtlich des Unkrautaufkommens zwischen den Pflugsystemen festzustellen. Der Mischfruchtanbau von Wintererbsen und Triticale reduzierte den Befall mit der Grünen Erbsenblattlaus und verbesserte die Standfestigkeit der normalblättrigen Wintererbse, wohingegen kein positiver Effekt des Mischfruchtanbaus in Hinsicht auf Auswinterungsverluste der Wintererbsen und einen Befall mit dem Erbsenwickler festgestellt werden konnte. Die Mischfruchtbestände von Sommer- oder Wintererbsen und Getreidepartnern wiesen unter der Voraussetzung, dass keine Ertragsbildungsprobleme beim Getreide auftraten, höhere Gesamterträge im Vergleich zu den entsprechenden Erbsen-Reinsaaten auf. Die Getreidepartner unterdrückten in den Mischfruchtbeständen insbesondere die halbblattlosen Erbsen. Die flachwendende Bodenbearbeitung führte im Vergleich zur tiefwendenden Bearbeitung zu einer vergleichbaren oder signifikant besseren Ertragsleistung der Rein- und Mischfruchtbestände von Erbsen und Getreide. Die mechanische Bodenbelastung hat die Ertragsleistung und die Kornqualität der Kulturen im Jahr 2009 nicht beeinflusst. Im Jahr 2010 führte die mechanische Bodenbelastung, im Gegensatz zum Hafer, zu einer Reduzierung der Erbsen-Erträge um 12,1 % (2,6 t) und 20,8 % (4,6 t). Zudem nahmen der Rohproteingehalt der Erbsen und die Gesamterträge mit zunehmender mechanischer Bodenbelastung nach tiefwendender Bodenbearbeitung kontinuierlich ab, wohingegen nach flachwendender Bearbeitung keine signifikanten Unterschiede festgestellt wurden. Der Winterweizen, der nach den Rein- und Mischsaaten von E.F.B. 33 angebaut wurde (2010/11: 35,9; 2011/12: 20,1 dt TM ha-1), war dem Winterweizen nach den Rein- und Mischsaaten von James (2010/11: 23,8; 2011/12: 16,7 dt TM ha-1) ertraglich überlegen. Während im Jahr 2010/11 kein signifikanter Unterschied der Ertragsleistung der Nachfrucht Winterweizen in den beiden Pflugsystemen festgestellt wurde, führte die flachwendende Bodenbearbeitung im Jahr 2011/12 zu signifikant geringeren Winterweizen-Erträgen (12,9 dt TM ha-1) im Vergleich zur tiefwendenden Bodenbearbeitung (20,5 dt TM ha-1). Der metabolische Energiegehalt der weißblühenden Winter- (15,2 MJ kg-1) und Sommererbsen (15,7 MJ kg-1) lag signifikant über demjenigen der buntblühenden Wintererbsen-Sorte E.F.B. 33 (13,3 MJ kg-1). Das Pflugsystem hatte nur geringe Auswirkungen auf die Kornqualität und den energetischen Futterwert.

Explorations of the Practical Issues of Learning Prediction-Control Tasks Using Temporal Difference Learning Methods

There has been recent interest in using temporal difference learning methods to attack problems of prediction and control. While these algorithms have been brought to bear on many problems, they remain poorly understood. It is the purpose of this thesis to further explore these algorithms, presenting a framework for viewing them and raising a number of practical issues and exploring those issues in the context of several case studies. This includes applying the TD(lambda) algorithm to: 1) learning to play tic-tac-toe from the outcome of self-play and of play against a perfectly-playing opponent and 2) learning simple one-dimensional segmentation tasks.

The Informational Complexity of Learning from Examples

This thesis attempts to quantify the amount of information needed to learn certain tasks. The tasks chosen vary from learning functions in a Sobolev space using radial basis function networks to learning grammars in the principles and parameters framework of modern linguistic theory. These problems are analyzed from the perspective of computational learning theory and certain unifying perspectives emerge.

Geometric and Algebraic Aspects of 3D Affine and Projective Structures from Perspective 2D Views

We investigate the differences --- conceptually and algorithmically --- between affine and projective frameworks for the tasks of visual recognition and reconstruction from perspective views. It is shown that an affine invariant exists between any view and a fixed view chosen as a reference view. This implies that for tasks for which a reference view can be chosen, such as in alignment schemes for visual recognition, projective invariants are not really necessary. We then use the affine invariant to derive new algebraic connections between perspective views. It is shown that three perspective views of an object are connected by certain algebraic functions of image coordinates alone (no structure or camera geometry needs to be involved).

Geometric Aspects of Visual Object Recognition

This thesis presents there important results in visual object recognition based on shape. (1) A new algorithm (RAST; Recognition by Adaptive Sudivisions of Tranformation space) is presented that has lower average-case complexity than any known recognition algorithm. (2) It is shown, both theoretically and empirically, that representing 3D objects as collections of 2D views (the "View-Based Approximation") is feasible and affects the reliability of 3D recognition systems no more than other commonly made approximations. (3) The problem of recognition in cluttered scenes is considered from a Bayesian perspective; the commonly-used "bounded-error errorsmeasure" is demonstrated to correspond to an independence assumption. It is shown that by modeling the statistical properties of real-scenes better, objects can be recognized more reliably.

Investigating legal aspects of cyberbullying

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Designing context-aware adaptive units of learning based on IMS-LD standard

Learning contents adaptation has been a subject of interest in the research area of the adaptive hypermedia systems. Defining which variables and which standards can be considered to model adaptive content delivery processes is one of the main challenges in pedagogical design over e-learning environments. In this paper some specifications, architectures and technologies that can be used in contents adaptation processes considering characteristics of the context are described and a proposal to integrate some of these characteristics in the design of units of learning using adaptation conditions in a structure of IMS-Learning Design (IMS-LD) is presented. The key contribution of this work is the generation of instructional designs considering the context, which can be used in Learning Management Systems (LMSs) and diverse mobile devices

The legal aspects of lecture capture

This short 7-minute video outlines the main legal issues around lecture capture: copyright, student rights and lecturer rights. It includes detailed advice about the types of material that you should not record, as well as showing how to check whether material can be used.