Acesso gratuito aos medicamentos antirretrovirais : contribuição do Legislativo para a política brasileira de combate à Aids

Analisa os fatores que influenciaram na elaboração e contribuíram para a apresentação e tramitação exitosa no Congresso Nacional do Projeto de Lei nº 158, de 1996, que resultou na Lei nº 9.313, de 13 de novembro de 1996. Com a aprovação da referida lei, as pessoas vivendo com HIV/Aids passaram a ter acesso gratuito às drogas que impedem a multiplicação do vírus - os medicamentos antirretrovirais. Atesta que a sociedade civil organizada e os profissionais de saúde tiveram papel marcante para a aprovação da lei, a qual também se valeu de dispositivos da Constituição Federal de 1988, que reconhece a saúde como dever do Estado e direito do cidadão, estabelecendo, entre outros, os princípios da universalidade da cobertura e integralidade do atendimento.

Intervención didactica desde la perspectiva de género en la formación inicial de un grupo de docentes de educación física

659 págs.

水-气界面下低速流体条带的喷射行为

对剪切水-气界面下湍流低速条带的喷射现象进行了细致的观测。喷射过程中，条带的一部分迅速离开水面近区下侵，与深层高速流动发生激烈的相互作用。这意味着条带喷射对水面剪切层中的湍流输运有重要影响。根据流动显示的图像资料获得的定量结果揭示出喷射行为的基本特征，包括喷射频率、喷射流体的轨迹和速度分布等。文中将这些特征与固壁湍流边界层中的对应情形作了比较。实验观察和喷射、猝发事件的时间分布特点表明，低速条带喷射是猝发过程的组成部分，喷射的时间间隔一般显著小于猝发，两种现象的出现都具有很强的随机性。将喷射与湍动能产生率的空间分布作比较，它们的形状极为相似，反映出喷射过程可能是水面附近湍流的主要贡献者。

Relatório apresentado a S. Ex. o Sr. Ministro da Industria, Viação e Obras Públicas =Rapport présenté a Son Ex. M. le Ministre de l'Industrie, de la Voirie et des Travaux Publics /por L. Cruls. --Relatório da Comissão Exploradora do Planalto Central do Brazil = Rapport de la Commission d'Exploration du Plateau Central du Brésil

Documento com duas páginas-de-rosto, em português e francês. Título em francês : Rapport présenté a Son Ex. M. le Ministre de l'Industrie, de la Voirie et des Travaux Publics

Subsonic interface crack with crack face contact

A steady-state subsonic interface crack propagating between an elastic solid and a rigid substrate with crack face contact is studied. Two cases with respective to the contact length are considered, i.e., semi-infinite and finite crack face contact. Different from a stationary or an open subsonic interface crack, stress singularity at the crack tip in the present paper is found to be non-oscillatory. Furthermore, in the semi-infinite contact case, the singularity of the stress field near the crack tip is less than 1/2. In the finite contact case, no singularity exists near the crack tip, but less than 1/2 singularity does at the end of the contact zone. In both cases, the singularity depends on the linear contact coefficient and the crack speed. Asymptotic solutions near the crack tip are given and analyzed. In order to satisfy the contact conditions, reasonable region of the linear contact coefficient is found. In addition, the solution predicts a non-zero-energy dissipation rate due to crack face contact.

La responsabilidad de la traducción

Eguíluz, Federico; Merino, Raquel; Olsen, Vickie; Pajares, Eterio; Santamaría, José Miguel (eds.)

冲击载荷作用下容器壳体动态响应的初步数值研究

本文针对带椭球封头的爆炸容器,黑索今(RDX)在中心处的爆炸用点爆炸模型描述,利用四阶Runge-Kutta法求解一组常微分方程得到爆炸近场的自相似解。采用有限体积形式的PPM格式求解轴对称Euler方程,得到了容器内冲击波传播及其演化的图象。以计算得到的冲击载荷为基础,修改HONDO程序,壳体弹塑性模型采用J_2流动理论描述。对冲击波和壳体的耦合作用进行了初步的数值研究。计算结果表明:容器内爆炸冲击波和壳体中应力波的传播及其演化与物理上的定性分析结果是一致的。由于应力波传播速度较冲击波快,因此,在冲击波未到达的静止流场,流场出现扰动声波,并向中心传播。封头顶点附近出现最大变形。在中等载荷作用下,可忽略壳体变形对流场的影响。

Relatório apresentado a S. Ex. o Sr. Ministro da Industria, Viação e Obras Públicas = Rapport présenté a Son Ex. M. le Ministre de l'Industrie, de la Voirie et des Travaux Publics por L. Cruls

Trata-se do "Relatório Cruls", referente à 1ª Missão Cruls (1892-1893), durante o governo Floriano Peixoto

Inter- and intramolecular enantioselective carbolithiation reactions

In this review we summarize recent developments in inter- and intramolecular enantioselective carbolithiation reactions carried out in the presence of a chiral ligand for lithium, such as (-)-sparteine, to promote facial selection on a C=C bond. This is an attractive approach for the construction of new carbon-carbon bonds in an asymmetric fashion, with the possibility of introducing further functionalization on the molecule by trapping the reactive organolithium intermediates with electrophiles.

Wage stickiness and unemployment fluctuations: an alternative approach

28 p.

Microscopic Model Of Nano-Scale Particles Removal In High Pressure Co2-Based Solvents

A physical model is presented to describe the kinds of static forces responsible for adhesion of nano-scale copper metal particles to silicon surface with a fluid layer. To demonstrate the extent of particle cleaning, Received in revised form equilibrium separation distance (ESD) and net adhesion force (NAF) of a regulated metal particle with different radii (10-300 nm) on the silicon surface in CO2-based cleaning systems under different pressures were simulated. Generally, increasing the pressure of the cleaning system decreased the net adhesion force between spherical copper particle and silicon surface entrapped with medium. For CO2 + isopropanol cleaning system, the equilibrium separation distance exhibited a maximum at temperature 313.15 K in the Equilibrium separation distance regions of pressure space (1.84-8.02 MPa). When the dimension of copper particle was given, for example, High pressure 50 nm radius particles, the net adhesion force decreased and equilibrium separation distance increased with increased pressure in the CO2 + H2O cleaning system at temperature 348.15 K under 2.50-12.67 MPa pressure range. However, the net adhesion force and equilibrium separation distance both decreased with an increase in surfactant concentration at given pressure (27.6 or 27.5 MPa) and temperature (318 or 298 K) for CO2 + H2O with surfactant PFPE COO-NH4+ or DiF(8)-PO4-Na+. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.