1000 resultados para mistura de sementes


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RESUMOPoliembrionia e apomixia nucelar são atributos importantes, tanto no melhoramento e seleção de porta-enxertos de citros, como para sua multiplicação comercial. Avaliou-se a poliembrionia e estimouse o tamanho ótimo de amostras de frutos e de sementes de genótipos de citros para determinar o número de sementes por fruto, número de embriões por semente e taxa de poliembrionia. As plantas-matrizes que forneceram os frutos e sementes estão instaladas na Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, em Cruz das Almas, Bahia. Avaliaram-se: tangerineiras ‘Sunki Tropical’, ‘Sunki Maravilha’, ‘Sunki da Flórida’, ‘Sunki Comum’, ‘Dancy’ e ‘Cleópatra’; limoeiros ‘RugosoJambhiri’, ‘Rugoso da Flórida’, ‘Rugoso Comum’, ‘Volkameriano Lagoa Grande’ e ‘Cravo Santa Cruz’; e os híbridos limoeiro ‘Cravo’ x tangerineira ‘Sunki Maravilha’, tangerineira ‘Sunki da Flórida’ x citrangequat ‘Thomasville’ e híbrido de limeira-ácida ‘Tahiti’ obtido por polinização aberta. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise estatística descritiva, estimando-se equações de máxima curvatura para determinação de tamanho ótimo de amostras de frutos e de sementes a partir de 20 ou 100 frutos e de 156 sementes por variedade, respectivamente. A produção de sementes e a poliembrionia variaram expressivamente entre os genótipos avaliados, podendo estes serem classificados em cinco grupos de produção de sementes e de taxa de poliembrionia, respectivamente, compreendendo os intervalos de 2 a 28 sementes e de 12 a 100%. O tamanho ótimo estimado para as amostras foi de nove frutos uniformes, dez e 23 sementes, para determinar, respectivamente, o número médio de sementes por fruto, o número médio de embriões por semente e a taxa de poliembrionia por contagem direta, pois esses valores representam os tamanhos ótimos que atendem a todos os grupos de variedades estudadas.

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RESUMO Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a viabilidade e o vigor das sementes de dois genótipos de Acca sellowiana sob diferentes condições e tempos de armazenamento. As sementes foram obtidas a partir de duas plantas (G1 e G2) localizadas em quintais da área urbana de Vacaria-RS. O experimento foi realizado em esquema trifatorial (2 x 3 x 2), sendo duas condições de armazenamento (temperatura ambiente: 20-25ºC; e refrigerado: 4-8ºC), três períodos de armazenamento (zero, um e dois anos), e dois genótipos (G1 e G2), conduzidos em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições de 50 sementes. As sementes foram postas para germinar sobre papel absorvente umedecido em caixas tipo “gerbox”, mantidas em câmara de crescimento com temperatura de 25 ± 2 °C e fotoperíodo de 16 h. Avaliaram-se o índice de velocidade de germinação, a porcentagem de germinação e o tempo médio de germinação, por meio da contagem de sementes germinadas a cada dois dias, por 44 dias após o início da germinação. Os genótipos apresentaram desempenhos significativamente diferentes na taxa germinativa e no vigor das sementes. Quando armazenadas em temperatura ambiente, as sementes perderam o poder germinativo drasticamente no primeiro ano e completamente no segundo ano. Conclui-se que é possível manter 80% de poder germinativo das sementes de Acca sellowiana por dois anos em armazenamento refrigerado (4 a 8 ºC).

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OBJETIVO: O presente artigo visa apresentar um estudo dosimétrico comparativo de braquiterapia de próstata com sementes de I-125 e Pd-103. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Um protocolo adotado para ambos os implantes com 148 sementes foi simulado em um fantoma tridimensional heterogêneo de pelve por meio dos códigos SISCODES/MCNP5. Histogramas dose-volume na próstata, bexiga e reto, índices de doses D10, D30, D90, D0,5cc, D2cc e D7cc, e representações de distribuição espacial de dose foram avaliados. RESULTADOS: A atividade inicial de cada semente de I-125, para que D90 seja equivalente à dose de prescrição, foi calculada em 0,42 mCi, e de Pd-103, em 0,94 mCi. A dose máxima na uretra foi 90% e 108% da dose de prescrição para I-125 e Pd-103, respectivamente. A D2cc para I-125 foi 30 Gy no reto e 127 Gy na bexiga, e para Pd-103 foi 29 Gy no reto e 189 Gy na bexiga. A D10 no osso do púbis foi 144 Gy para I-125 e 66 Gy para Pd-103. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados indicam que os implantes de Pd-103 e I-125 puderam depositar a dose prescrita no volume alvo. Entre os achados, observou-se excessiva exposição de radiação nos ossos da pelve, principalmente no protocolo com I-125.

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Seeds Citrus oils (C. sinensis, C. limon and C. reticulata) extraction with hexane in a soxhlet apparatus and through supercritical fluid (CO2) were done. Besides triglycerides, the oils obtained with hexane comprised volatile compounds such as terpenes and fatty alcohols, esters, and aldehydes. However, the oils obtained by extraction with supercritical fluid presented only triglycerides. These results indicate that the extraction using supercritical fluid presents better selectivity. The activity of the oils on the development of the ant symbiotic fungus, Leucoagaricus gongylophorus, showed week activity and the topic insecticide assay showed better activity for the tangerine seed oil.

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This paper describes methodologies for the extraction and characterization by TLC, UV-VIS, IR and NMR of bixin from Bixa orellana L. (urucum) seeds. Based on the results, the extraction with NaOH 5% is the fastest, uses low-cost materials, requires two to four laboratory hours and is a useful alternative for an experimental Organic Chemistry discipline.

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The aim of this paper is to present a simple way of treating the general equation for acid-base titrations based on the concept of degree of dissociation, and to propose a new spreadsheet approach for simulating the titration of mixtures of polyprotic compounds. The general expression, without any approximation, is calculated a simple iteration method, making number manipulation easy and painless. The user-friendly spreadsheet was developed by using MS-Excel and Visual-Basic-for-Excel. Several graphs are drawn for helping visualizing the titration behavior. A Monte Carlo function for error simulation was also implemented. Two examples for titration of alkalinity and McIlvaine buffer are presented.

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The purpose of this study is to analyze the interactions that occur in binary and ternary fat blends between medium and long chain triacylglycerols and their structured lipids obtained by chemical interesterification through the analysis of their physico-chemical properties. The synthesized structured triacylglycerols presented from 14.8 to 58.4% medium chain fatty acids, from 15.7 to 37.2% saturated fatty acids, from 19.2 to 47.5% monounsaturated fatty acids, and from 6.7 to 15.2% essential fatty acids. Chemical interesterification modified the behavior of binary and ternary mixtures and new types of triacylglycerol groups were formed.

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The aim of the present work is to investigate the effects of blending and chemical interesterification reactions on the softening and melting behavior of chicken fat, its stearin and medium chain triacylglycerols, and blends thereof in various ratios. Chemical interesterification is a promising alternative to the current processes of modifying the physical properties of fats. In the experimental design 7 samples corresponding to 7 different blend proportions were used. The results were represented in triangular diagrams. The addition of stearin influenced the softening and melting points. The mixture response surface methodology proved to be an extremely useful tool for the optimization of the fat mixtures.

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Considered the best substitute for diesel, biodiesel can be blended with diesel in any ratio, bringing lots of environmental, economic and social advantages. Brazilian law Nº 11097/2005, proposes the introduction of biodiesel in to the Brazilian energy matrix, mixed with diesel at a minimum percentage of 2%. For consumers and sellers to be sure that the commercialized mixture of biodiesel:diesel contains the correct percentage, it is necessary to develop analytical methodologies to quantify the amount of biodiesel added. This work presents a fast, low-cost and simple methodology to determine the biodiesel proportion in mixtures of biodiesel:diesel, based on infrared spectroscopy.

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This paper describes the procedures for analysing pollutant gases emitted by engines, such as volatile organic compounds (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, m-xylene and p-xylene) by using high resolution gas chromatography (HRGC). For IC engine burning, in a broad sense, the use of the B10 mixture reduces drastically the emissions of aromatic compounds. Especially for benzene the reduction of concentrations occurs at the level of about 24.5%. Although a concentration value below 1 µg mL-1 has been obtained, this reduction is extremely significant since benzene is a carcinogenic compound.

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The natural quinones lapachol, α-lapachone and β-lapachone, and the synthetic derivative β-lapachone-3-sulfonic-acid were assayed for inhibition of fungal growth (Fusarium oxysporum) and germination of lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa L.). β-Lapachone has the strongest activity as a germination inhibitor and lapachol shows no effect. β-Lapachone, followed by lapachol, are the most active in reducing fungal growth.

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The aim of this work was to evaluate antioxidant activity of lemon seeds added to soybean oil, submitted to accelerated incubator-storage test and to determine its synergistic effect with the synthetic antioxidant TBHQ. The treatments Control, TBHQ (50 mg/kg), LSE (2,400 mg/kg Lemon Seed Extract), Mixture 1 (LSE + 50 mg/kg TBHQ) and Mixture 2 (LSE + 25 mg/kg TBHQ) were prepared and subjected to the accelerated incubator-storage test at 60 ºC for 12 days; samples were taken every 3 days and analyzed regarding peroxide value and conjugated dienes. The results showed that antioxidant activity of the tested treatments were: TBHQ = Mixture 1 = Mixture 2 > LSE > Control.

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Films of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium alginate and their mixture were evaluated in terms of interactions between the polymers, morphology, water absorption and application as seed coatings. FTIR analysis suggested that only hydrophobic interactions occurred between the polymers. The coating of bean seeds was confirmed by microscopy, indicating the formation of dense and homogeneous films with 7 μm thickness. The obtained films did not affect the germination capacity of the seeds. In summary, the characteristics and properties of the films formed and the water absorption capacity, indicate that these systems are viable for use in seed coating processes.

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The synthesis of chiral acetylenic regioisomers was described by using an appropriate intermediate such as isopropylidene glycerol, a synthon widely used in the enantioselective syntheses. This intermediate was prepared from D-mannitol. The nine obtained compounds have been characterized by their respective spectral data. The mixture of chiral acetylenic alcohols showed activity against Escherichia coli when tested through the monitoring of CO2 released during microbial respiration by using a conductimetric system.