921 resultados para all Adult: 19 years
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OBJECTIVE: To describe the distribution of malocclusion and its associated factors in Brazilian adolescents. METHODS: Data from 7,328 subjects aged 12 years and 5,445 adolescents aged 15-19 years were analyzed. The adolescents took part in the Brazilian Oral Health Survey (SBBrasil 2010). The outcome was severe malocclusion according to the dental aesthetic index. The independent variables were sex, skin color, monthly household income, possessions, number of individuals in the household, untreated dental caries, missing teeth and dental appointments or lack thereof, frequency, and reason. Logistical regression analysis was carried out, considering the complex sampling cluster design, based on a hierarchical model. RESULTS: The prevalence of severe malocclusion was 6.5% and 9.1% in the 12-year-olds and the 15-19-year-olds, respectively. After adjustment, those with lighter- skinned black or black skin were 1.59 (95%CI 1.08;2.34) times more likely to present the outcome compared with those with white skin. The loss of one or more first molars increased 2.66 (95%CI 1.26;5.63) the chance to present severe malocclusion by the age of 12. Adolescents aged 15-19 whose household income was below R$ 1,500.00 (OR 2.69 [95%CI 1.62; 4.47]) and those who had seen a dentist for treatment (OR 2.59 [95%CI 2.55;4.34]) had the greatest chance of having severe malocclusion compared with those with higher incomes and those who visited the dentist for prevention.
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Advanced age may become a limiting factor for the maintenance of rhythms in organisms, reducing the capacity of generation and synchronization of biological rhythms. In this study, the influence of aging on the expression of endogenous periodicity and synchronization (photic and social) of the circadian activity rhythm (CAR) was evaluated in a diurnal primate, the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). This study had two approaches: one with longitudinal design, performed with a male marmoset in two different phases: adult (three years) and older (9 y.o.) (study 1) and the second, a transversal approach, with 6 old (: 9.7 2.0 y.o.) and 11 adults animals (: 4.2 0.8 y.o.) (study 2). The evaluation of the photic synchronization involved two conditions in LD (natural and artificial illuminations). In study 1, the animal was subjected to the following stages: LD (12:12 ~ 350: ~ 2 lx), LL (~ 350 lx) and LD resynchronization. In the second study, the animals were initially evaluated in natural LD, and then the same sequence stages of study 1. During the LL stage in study 2, the vocalizations of conspecifics kept in natural LD on the outside of the colony were considered temporal cue to the social synchronization. The record of the activity was performed automatically at intervals of five minutes through infrared sensor and actimeters, in studies 1 and 2, respectively. In general, the aged showed a more fragmented activity pattern (> IV < H and > PSD, ANOVA, p < 0.05), lower levels of activity (ANOVA, p < 0.05) and shorter duration of active phase (ANOVA, p < 0.05) in LD conditions, when compared to adults. In natural LD, the aged presented phase delay pronounced for onset and offset of active phase (ANOVA, p < 0.05), while the adults had the active phase more adjusted to light phase. Under artificial LD, there was phase advance and greater adjustment of onset and offset of activity in relation to the LD in the aged (ANOVA, p < 0.05). In LL, there was a positive correlation between age and the endogenous period () in the first 20 days (Spearman correlation, p < 0.05), with prolonged held in two aged animals. In this condition, most adults showed free-running period of the circadian activity rhythm with < 24 h for the first 30 days and later on relative coordination mediated by auditory cues. In study 2, the cross-correlation analysis between the activity profiles of the animals in LL with control animals kept under natural LD, found that there was less social synchronization in the aged. With the resubmission to the LD, the resynchronization rate was slower in the aged (t-test; p < 0.05) and in just one aged animal there was a loss of resynchronization capability. According to the data set, it is suggested that the aging in marmosets may be related to: 1) lower amplitude and greater fragmentation of the activity, accompanied to phase delay with extension of period, caused by changes in a photic input, in the generation and behavioral expression of the CAR; 2) lower capacity of the circadian activity rhythm to photic synchronization, that can become more robust in artificial lighting conditions, possibly due to the higher light intensities at the beginning of the active phase due to the abrupt transitions between the light and dark phases; and 3) smaller capacity of non-photic synchronization for auditory cues from conspecifics, possibly due to reducing sensory inputs and responsiveness of the circadian oscillators to auditory cues, what can make the aged marmoset most vulnerable, as these social cues may act as an important supporting factor for the photic synchronization.
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Advanced age may become a limiting factor for the maintenance of rhythms in organisms, reducing the capacity of generation and synchronization of biological rhythms. In this study, the influence of aging on the expression of endogenous periodicity and synchronization (photic and social) of the circadian activity rhythm (CAR) was evaluated in a diurnal primate, the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). This study had two approaches: one with longitudinal design, performed with a male marmoset in two different phases: adult (three years) and older (9 y.o.) (study 1) and the second, a transversal approach, with 6 old (: 9.7 2.0 y.o.) and 11 adults animals (: 4.2 0.8 y.o.) (study 2). The evaluation of the photic synchronization involved two conditions in LD (natural and artificial illuminations). In study 1, the animal was subjected to the following stages: LD (12:12 ~ 350: ~ 2 lx), LL (~ 350 lx) and LD resynchronization. In the second study, the animals were initially evaluated in natural LD, and then the same sequence stages of study 1. During the LL stage in study 2, the vocalizations of conspecifics kept in natural LD on the outside of the colony were considered temporal cue to the social synchronization. The record of the activity was performed automatically at intervals of five minutes through infrared sensor and actimeters, in studies 1 and 2, respectively. In general, the aged showed a more fragmented activity pattern (> IV < H and > PSD, ANOVA, p < 0.05), lower levels of activity (ANOVA, p < 0.05) and shorter duration of active phase (ANOVA, p < 0.05) in LD conditions, when compared to adults. In natural LD, the aged presented phase delay pronounced for onset and offset of active phase (ANOVA, p < 0.05), while the adults had the active phase more adjusted to light phase. Under artificial LD, there was phase advance and greater adjustment of onset and offset of activity in relation to the LD in the aged (ANOVA, p < 0.05). In LL, there was a positive correlation between age and the endogenous period () in the first 20 days (Spearman correlation, p < 0.05), with prolonged held in two aged animals. In this condition, most adults showed free-running period of the circadian activity rhythm with < 24 h for the first 30 days and later on relative coordination mediated by auditory cues. In study 2, the cross-correlation analysis between the activity profiles of the animals in LL with control animals kept under natural LD, found that there was less social synchronization in the aged. With the resubmission to the LD, the resynchronization rate was slower in the aged (t-test; p < 0.05) and in just one aged animal there was a loss of resynchronization capability. According to the data set, it is suggested that the aging in marmosets may be related to: 1) lower amplitude and greater fragmentation of the activity, accompanied to phase delay with extension of period, caused by changes in a photic input, in the generation and behavioral expression of the CAR; 2) lower capacity of the circadian activity rhythm to photic synchronization, that can become more robust in artificial lighting conditions, possibly due to the higher light intensities at the beginning of the active phase due to the abrupt transitions between the light and dark phases; and 3) smaller capacity of non-photic synchronization for auditory cues from conspecifics, possibly due to reducing sensory inputs and responsiveness of the circadian oscillators to auditory cues, what can make the aged marmoset most vulnerable, as these social cues may act as an important supporting factor for the photic synchronization.
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The southwestern part of the subpolar North Atlantic east of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland and Flemish Cap is a crucial area for the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. Here the exchange between subpolar and subtropical gyre takes place, southward flowing cold and fresh water is replaced by northward flowing warm and salty water within the North Atlantic Current (NAC). As part of a long-term experiment, the circulation east of Flemish Cap has been studied by seven repeat hydrographic sections along inline image (2003-2011), a 2 year time series of current velocities at the continental slope (2009-2011), 19 years of sea surface height, and 47 years of output from an eddy resolving ocean circulation model. The structure of the flow field in the measurements and the model shows a deep reaching NAC with adjacent recirculation and two distinct cores of southward flow in the Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC): one core above the continental slope with maximum velocities at mid-depth and the second farther east with bottom-intensified velocities. The western core of the DWBC is rather stable, while the offshore core shows high temporal variability that in the model is correlated with the NAC strength. About 30 Sv of deep water flow southward below a density of sigma-theta = 27.68 kg/m**3 in the DWBC. The NAC transports about 110 Sv northward, approximately 15 Sv originating from the DWBC, and 75 Sv recirculating locally east of the NAC, leaving 20 Sv to be supplied by the NAC from the south.
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<p>Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human pathogen that establishes a lifelong latent infection in over ninety percent of all adult humans worldwide. While typically benign, EBV has been causally associated with a number of human malignancies in the settings of immune suppression, genetic, and/or environmental factors. While a highly successful pathogen based on prevalence, the ability of the virus to immortalize human B cells (a stage of infection thought to be critical for the establishment of latency) is quite poor. We hypothesize that the interactions between the virus and the human host early after infection are ultimately important for the outcome of viral latency establishment. To answer this question we broadly profiled primary human B cells at both early and late times after EBV infection to assay both host mRNA expression and the host-driven response to apoptotic stimuli. We found that EBV infection induces host gene expression signatures early after infection that are functionally distinct from the gene expression program late after infection. These studies also led to the novel discovery that viral gene expression is controlled differently early after infection, including the delayed expression of a viral protein that is critical for the establishment of latency. Furthermore, we have also shown that EBV can use a single viral protein to alter and repress host apoptotic sensitivity in the face of an anti-viral apoptotic response.</p>
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<p>[EN] The Republic of Cape Verde is situated about 500 km off the coast of Senegal, West Africa. The islands of Sal, Boa Vista and Maio constitute the Eastern group and harbour the most important nesting beaches for loggerhead turtles in the Archipelago. During 1998-2004 nesting seasons, fieldwork has been focused on the eastern beaches of Boa Vista and, occasionally, in other beaches of Boa Vista and in the islands of Maio, Sal and Santa Luzia. The main study area includes a total extension of 3.1 km of suitable nesting beaches. All through these years, a tagging program has been carried out, alongside recording of biological data and monitoring of nests.</p>
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incontornvel o estatuto que o conceito de qualidade de vida assume hoje na prtica e polticas de sade pblica. Na infncia e adolescncia ainda escassa a investigao, tornando-se crucial o desenvolvimento de instrumentos de qualidade vida relacionada com a sade validados para esta populao. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo fundamental analisar as qualidades psicomtricas e validar a verso portuguesa do Youth Quality of Life (YQOL-R) (Patrick, et al., 2002). A amostra constituda por 507 adolescentes, com idades compreendidas entre os 12 e os 19 anos, a frequentar o 3 ciclo do ensino bsio e ensino secundrio de escolas pblicas do ensino regular. Para alm do citado instrumento a validar, os jovens preencheram tambm, para a anlise da validade convergente e divergente, o Kidscreen-27 (Gaspar & Matos, 2008) e a Escala da Depresso, Ansiedade e Stresse (EADS-21) (Pais-Ribeiro, Honrado & Leal, 2004). Os resultados mostram que o YQOL-R apresenta uma estrutura fatorial de quatro fatores, semelhantes verso original americana (individual, relaes sociais, ambiente e qualidade de vida em geral). Possui uma boa consistncia interna e uma adequada estabilidade temporal. Mostrou correlaes significativas e no sentido esperado com as variveis em estudo. Foram igualmente encontradas diferenas de gnero em relao qualidade de vida, sendo os rapazes a reportarem em mdia nveis mais elevados de perceo da qualidade de vida, comparativamente s raparigas. Futuros estudos devem ser realizados em amostras clnicas para confirmao dos dados. No obstante esta limitao, o presente estudo contribuiu para a disponibilizao de um novo instrumento para avaliao da qualidade de vida em crianas e adolescentes, o qual evidenciou boas propriedade psicomtricas, apoiando, assim empiricamente, a sua utilizao nas prticas de sade e investigao em amostras da comunidade. / Nowadays, its unavoidable the status that, the concept of quality of life assumes in practices and politics of public health. In childhood and adolescence its weak the investigation but its crucial the development of instruments of quality of life related to health validated to this population. The present work has an important aim, its analyze the psychometric qualities and validate the Portuguese version of Youth Quality of Life (YQOL-R) (Patrick, et al., 2002). The sample consists of 507 adolescents, aged between 12 and 19 years old and they attend the 3 rd cycle of basic education and secondary education schools in villages of regular education. Apart from that instrument, teenagers fill in, also, to the analysis convergent and divergent, the Kidscreen-27 (Gaspar & Matos, 2008) and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (EADS-21) (Pais-Ribeiro, Honrado & Leal, 2004). The results show that the YQOL-R presents a factorial structure with four factors similar to original American version (individual, social relations, environment and general quality of life), presenting a good internal consistence and an adequate temporal stability. Substantial correlations showed and in the expected way with the variables in study. Have been found differences of gender related to quality of life, boys reported on average higher levels of quality of life perception, comparatively to the girls. Future studies must be performed in clinical samples to confirm the findings. In spite of this restriction, the actual study contributes to providing a new instrument to evaluate the quality of life in children and adolescents, this evidenced good psychometric properties, supported empirically its application in heath practices and investigation in community samples.
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The prevalence of diabetic polyneuropathy in Spain is 22% increasing with age, standing at less than 5% in patients between 15 and 19 years and reaching 29.8% in those aged 70 to 74 years age. Infection is an important complication in Diabetic Foot, frequently associated with minor amputation and even lower extremity amputation. The study presents a clinical case of a 68-year-old man who consulted for a diabetic foot ulcer in the metatarseal area of the right foot, diagnosed two years ago and without healing success. An exploration protocol of the diabetic food was made. Afterwards, a surgical debridement was done and a cure procedure with pure hyaluronic acid, a bandage and foot unloading was followed. After 69 days of treatment, a complete ulcer healing was achieved. After the injure healing, a biomechanical exploration was made and a plantar support was produced to avoid the reappearance of the injury because of local hyperpressure.
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Objetivo: Investigar o impacto da sade bucal em relao qualidade de vida de adolescentes escolares, associando-o s condies sociodemogrficas. Mtodos: Estudo de campo transversal e quantitativo desenvolvido em 2012, no municpio de Sum-PB, com 184 adolescentes na faixa etria de 15 a 19 anos. Para avaliar o impacto, aplicou-se o questionrio Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) aos participantes, enquanto para a obteno dos dados referentes s condies sociodemogrficas, os pais ou responsveis responderam a um segundo questionrio. Utilizou-se o teste Qui-quadrado para associar o impacto da sade bucal sobre a qualidade de vida e as variveis sociodemogrficas pesquisadas, sendo considerados significativos com p<0,05. Resultados: Em geral, o impacto foi considerado fraco em 167 pesquisados (90,8%). Dor fsica foi a dimenso na qualidade de vida mais afetada pelas questes bucais entre aquelas que resultaram em impacto mdio (22,8%; n=42). Apenas as variveis Situao do imvel e Acomodao associaram-se ao impacto geral (p<0,05). Os reduzidos percentuais de impacto geral forte (1,1%; n=2) relacionaram-se aos adolescentes cujas mes s estudaram at o ensino fundamental, ou s famlias que vivem com um salrio mnimo ou menos (1,1%). Concluso: Observou-se que as condies de sade bucal apresentaram um impacto negativo fraco na qualidade de vida dos adolescentes investigados. As anlises das condies sociodemogrficas dos indivduos relacionadas ao impacto geral da qualidade de vida relacionada sade oral associaram-se as variveis Situao do imvel e Acomodao.
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International audience
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Due to the high supply and its attractive cost, the poultry litter has been used in the southwestern region of Parana to the improvement of soil fertility seeking greater production of grains and pastures. However, the use without technical knowledge can minimize the benefits of poultry litter or even cause undesirable effects on soil, environmental pollution and also productivity losses in the used crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different times of poultry litter application, predating the winter crop, associated with increasing levels, about soil chemical properties, release of nutrients and crop performances in four consecutive years (2011-2014). In the first three years the experimental design was randomized blocks with a split plot system and four replications. In the main plots were tested four poultry litter application times preceding the wheat production: 0, 15, 30 and 45 days before sowing (DAS); in the subplots were applied four poultry litter levels (wet basis): 0, 4, 8 and 12 Mg ha-1. Last year one more subdivision of plots was done, evaluating the use or not of nitrogen in coverage in wheat, at a dose of 100 kg N ha-1. The wheat cultivar used in the four years was the BRS 220. In three years it was evaluated the residual effect on soybean production (cultivar - BMX Turbo RR) and in one year on the beans. The chemical soil attributes were evaluated at four depths 0-2,5cm, 2,5-5cm, 5-10cm and 10-20cm, and also the rate of decomposition and nutrient release of poultry litter and the crop productivity. The different times of application concerning the poultry litter had little influence on the studied variables, demonstrating that the producer does not need to have a specific date (before planting) to the application of poultry litter. Potassium was fully released 60 days after the allocation of litter bags into the field; for nitrogen and phosphorus the release was slower. The use of increasing levels of poultry litter increased the levels of various soil elements, highlighting the potassium which reached 20 cm deep in the second year of evaluation. The increase in pH and in the base saturation occurred only in the upper layers, while the phosphorus reached 10 cm deep in the third year of the study. It was observed increased pH and base saturation. The use of increasing doses of poultry litter contributed to the wheat plant nutrition, significantly increasing the weight of a thousand grains, and the grain yield of wheat in all the evaluated years; the nitrogen fertilization in coverage also had significant effect for the fourth evaluated year. Also there was a significant response from the residual effect of poultry litter for crops planted in summer for both soybeans and beans.
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Objetivo: Verificar a prevalncia e os fatores associados ao sobrepeso e obesidade entre adolescentes de uma escola pblica em Campinas, So Paulo. Mtodos: Estudo observacional, transversal, realizado entre julho e setembro de 2013, com 107 jovens entre 15 e 19 anos que cursavam o ensino mdio em uma escola pblica do municpio de Campinas, So Paulo. Utilizou-se um questionrio para investigar dados sociodemogrficos e fatores de risco para sobrepeso e obesidade. Alm disso, verificaram-se dados clnicos (peso, altura, presso arterial). Resultados: A amostra se caracterizou com predomnio de mulheres (n=65, 60,7%) com 16,5 anos em mdia e renda familiar entre 2 e 4 salrios mnimos (n=53, 49,5%). A prevalncia de sobrepeso e obesidade foi de 18 (16,8%) e 9 (8,4%), respectivamente. Destaca-se que 62 (58%) sempre omitiam uma refeio, 54 (50,5%) sempre se alimentavam vendo televiso e 56 (52,3%) no praticavam atividade fsica fora da escola. Tentar e no conseguir fazer dieta foi associado ao sobrepeso e obesidade, e autoimagem curvilnea foi associada obesidade. Concluso: O estudo revelou que parte significativa da amostra estava com sobrepeso ou obesidade. A falha em manter uma dieta e a autoimagem curvilnea associadas s alteraes nutricionais sugerem que os adolescentes tinham conscincia dessas alteraes e se preocupavam com o prprio peso, a ponto de buscarem a dieta para tentar emagrecer.
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O Cancro do Colo do tero (CCU) uma das principais causas de morte por neoplasia nas mulheres, em todo o mundo. A principal etiologia do CCU a infeo persistente pelas estirpes oncognicas do Vrus do Papiloma Humano (HPV) (Ferreira, 2013). Esta temtica de grande interesse para a Sade Pblica por se tratar de uma infeo que na maioria dos casos se apresenta de forma assintomtica, afetando ambos os sexos (Leite, Lisboa, & Azevedo, 2011). O presente trabalho tem como objetivos avaliar os conhecimentos dos alunos do Ensino Secundrio do Agrupamento de escolas Emidio Garcia, em Bragana, sobre o HPV e CCU e conhecer os dados referentes cobertura vacinal da populao do Concelho de Bragana, relativamente vacina do HPV no ano de 2014. O estudo efetuado de tipologia observacional-descritivo e correlacional, de paradigma quantitativo atravs de um processo sistemtico de recolha de dados, num plano transversal. Numa amostra de 196 alunos do ensino secundrio do Agrupamento de escolas Emdio Garcia em Bragana, com base num erro amostral de 5%, com um nvel de confiana de fidelidade de 95%, classificada como amostra no probabilstica, acidental/ocasional. O instrumento de recolha de dados utilizado foi um questionrio da autoria de Diana Ramada e Rui Medeiros, validado e devidamente autorizado. As principais concluses do estudo relativamente aos conhecimentos sobre esta temtica por parte dos alunos, revelam que o maior conhecimento reside nos mais jovens com idades compreendidas entre os 15 e 16 anos em relao aos alunos de 18 e 19 anos. So alunos que esto bem informados no que diz respeito s manifestaes e aos fatores de risco da infeo por HPV, conscientes de que afeta tanto o sexo feminino com o masculino e que os indivduos do sexo masculino podem ser portadores assintomticos. Reconhecem que a infeo pelo vrus do HPV curvel e que a persistncia desta infeo pode provocar CCU. Existe uma lacuna relativamente ao HPV ser o agente mais comum das IST, em que 93,4% dos inquiridos respondeu ser o HIV. Revelam desconhecimento relativamente localizao e modos de transmisso deste vrus. Manifestaram interesse por adquirir e aprofundar conhecimentos, assinalando a escola e os profissionais de sade como centro de informao. Existe, no entanto, um aspeto positivo a concluir, ao se verificar que a vacinao tem uma grande adeso e que cumprido o esperado pelo Plano Nacional de Vacinao, diminuindo o risco de infeo por HPV e em consequncia reduzindo a incidncia do CCU, por infeo persistente de HPV.
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OBJETIVO: El presente estudio tiene como objetivo determinar las conductas de riesgo de los adolescentes escolarizados que frecuentan los bares y discotecas de la Calle Larga de la ciudad de Cuenca (Calle del Centro Histrico, donde se sita la mayor cantidad de centros de diversin nocturna). MATERIALES Y MTODOS: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, de tipo cuantitativo, transversal. Incluye un universo de 307 adolescentes, del Cantn Cuenca en el ao 2014. (1) Los datos fueron recolectados mediante un formulario validado, que fue aplicado previo asentimiento y/o consentimiento informado de los adolescentes entre 10 y 19 aos que acuden a La Calle Larga los das viernes y sbados durante el mes de Mayo del ao 2014. RESULTADOS: En el estudio encontramos que el 67,75% de adolescentes ingiere alcohol, el 28,66% fuma cigarrillo y el 8.79% fuma marihuana, siendo sta la sustancia ilcita de eleccin. CONCLUSIONES: La prevalencia de consumo para alcohol, cigarrillo y otras drogas en los adolescentes que asisten a sitios de diversin nocturna en la Calle Larga, Cuenca mayo 2014, fue mayor en la adolescencia tarda y constituyen conductas de riesgo la compaa de los amigos. PALABRAS CLAVE: ADOLESCENCIA, ALCOHOL, CIGARRILLO, OTRAS DROGAS.
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Dissertao de Mestrado, Cincias Sociais, 16 de Setembro de 2016, Universidade dos Aores.
