"Riesgo de oportunismo del Gobierno en el sector eléctrico colombiano". Aproximación al diseño institucional de la regulación eléctrica en Colombia

Análisis del riesgo de oportunismo del gobierno Colombiano planteado por el diseño institucional y normativo de la CREG, y favorecido por una notoria concentración de calidades en cabeza del Estado Colombiano como agente de mercado y regulador.

Analyse de la compétence juridictionnelle à partir de la première décision de la Cour Africaine des Droits de l’Homme et des Peuples : l’affaire Hissène Habré

Si l’on évoque l’affaire Hissène Habré, il semble que l'itinéraire vers un véritable procès judiciaire est plutôt l’un des plus complexes, sinueux[1] et mal gérés de l’histoire récente. En effet, il s’agit tant de l’ingérence d’intérêts politiques que de l’existence de problèmes juridiques sérieux qui vont depuis l’application des normes pénales jusqu’à remettre en cause la relation[2] entre le droit interne et le droit international dans les domaines pénal et de la protection des droits de l’Homme. En ce sens, la compétence judiciaire et le principe de compétence universelle en matière de crimes les plus graves devraient jouer en faveur de l’efficacité en matière de protection de droits de l’Homme et de lutte contre l’impunité et pourtant, l’affaire Habré démontre que la répression des infractions tels que la torture, les crimes contre l’humanité et les crimes de guerre, chefs qui dès 2000 lui sont imputés sans réussite, se heurte à des obstacles propres à la conception de la compétence du juge. [1] MARTIN (P. M.), « Un différend entre la Belgique et le Sénégal : l'affaire Habré », Recueil Dalloz, 2009, p. 2125. Voir aussi « Le projet de procès d'Hissène Habré au Rwanda soulève des interrogations », http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/5min/20111002-avocate-victimes-hissene-habre-accuse-union-africaine-ralentir-le-dossier (11 octobre 2011) [2] HENZELIN (M), "Droit international pénal et droit pénaux étatiques. Le choc des cultures", Le Droit pénal à l’épreuve de l’internationalisation, M. HENZELIN et R. ROTH (ed), LGDJ/Bruyant, Paris, 2002, p.71

Corrupción y delitos contra la administración pública especial referencia a los delitos cometidos en la contratación

La corrupción sigue siendo uno de los principales problemas del Estado de Derecho en el siglo XXI. Su incidencia reduce la eficacia de la inversión, aumenta el valor de los bienes y servicios, reduce la competitividad de las empresas, vulnera la confianza de los ciudadanos en el ordenamiento jurídico y sobre todo condena a la miseria a quienes deben ser destinatarios de las políticas públicas.Sin embrago, la lucha que han realizado muchos gobiernos y funcionarios judiciales contra este fenómeno ha modificado sus formas de aparición, pues es cada vez menos frecuente la apropiación directa de los caudales públicos o la entrega de sobornos a los funcionarios, prefiriéndose métodos mucho más sutiles como los sobrecostos, la subcontratación masiva o la constitución de complicadas sociedades, en las cuales tienen participación los funcionarios públicos o sus familias.Este libro constituye un esfuerzo por el estudio jurídico y criminológico de la corrupción y los delitos contra la administración pública en Europa y Latinoamérica y reúne la selección de los temas penales más relevantes de la tesis doctoral del profesor Carlos Guillermo Castro Cuenca, denominada Aproximación a la Corrupción en la contratación pública y defendida en la universidad de Salamanca en febrero de 2008, con lo cual obtuvo la calificación de sobresaliente por unanimidad.

Modelo de gestión cultural para el arte itinerante con ciencia y tecnología

Diseñar un modelo de gestión cultural que busca llevar el arte, la ciencia y la tecnología a distintas regiones y ciudades del país, iniciando en la ciudad de Tunja, por medio de una exposición itinerante que vincule estos tres campos de una manera transversal con el fin de acercar a los distintos públicos a experiencias vivenciales de aprendizajes, interacción y exploración. Estas experiencias tendrán lugar por medio de contenedores.

Configurations institutionnelles de la protection de l’enfance: regards croisés de l’Afrique, de l’Europe et de l’Amérique du Nord

Cet article porte sur l’analyse de trois configurations institutionnelles de la protection de l’enfance : celle en place au Burkina Faso, en Belgique et au Québec. Pour chaque configuration, le texte explore les transformations qui ont marqué le passage de la prise en charge exclusive de l’enfant par la famille vers la présence accrue de l’État et la manière dont la Convention internationale des droits de l’enfant de 1989 a influencé ce passage. Il montre, au travers d’une lecture historique, que l’implication de l’État dans la protection des enfants a connu des formes et des modalités variables selon le temps et l’espace. L’approche actuelle en matière de protection de l’enfance au Nord et au Sud, approche largement inspirée de la perspective des droits, représente un défi tant pour les intervenants que pour les familles, car son application dépend à fois des ressources disponibles pour aider les enfants et les familles en difficulté, de la capacité d’action des institutions publiques et de l’efficacité des interventions. This article deals with the analysis of three institutional configurations of child protection: those in Burkina Faso, in Belgium, and in Québec. With respect to each configuration, the text explores the changes from situations in which the family had sole control of the child to those where the State played a greater role, and the manner in which the 1989 International Convention on the Rights of the Child has affected such changes. It shows, through a reading of history, that the involvement of the State in child protection has gone through different forms and stages over time and space. The current strategies as regards child protection in the North and in the South—an approach that is largely subject to a legal perspective—represent a challenge both for intervenors and for families, since their application depends on the resources available for helping children and families in difficulty, on the ability of the public institutions to intervene, and on the efficiency of such interventions.

A new governance perspective on port–hinterland relationships: the Port Hinterland Impact (PHI) matrix

We develop a new governance perspective on port–hinterland linkages and related port impacts. Many stakeholders in a port’s hinterland now demand tangible economic benefits from port activities, as a precondition for supporting port expansion and infrastructural investments. We use a governance lens to assess this farsighted contracting challenge. We find that most contemporary economic impact assessments of port investment projects pay scant attention to the contractual relationship challenges in port-hinterland relationships. In contrast, we focus explicitly on the spatial distribution of such impacts and the related contractual relationship issues facing port authorities or port users and their stakeholders in the port hinterland. We introduce a new concept, the Port Hinterland Impact (PHI) matrix, which focuses explicitly on the spatial distribution of port impacts and related contractual relationship challenges. The PHI matrix offers insight into port impacts using two dimensions: logistics dedicatedness, as an expression of Williamsonian asset specificity in the sphere of logistics contractual relationships, and geographic reach, with a longer reach typically reflecting the need for more complex contacting to overcome ‘distance’ challenges with external stakeholders. We use the PHI matrix in our empirical, governance-based analysis of contractual relationships between the port authorities in Antwerp and Zeebrugge, and their respective stakeholders.

Chemically tagging the Hyades stream: does it partly originate from the Hyades cluster?

The Hyades stream has long been thought to be a dispersed vestige of the Hyades cluster. However, recent analyses of the parallax distribution, of the mass function, and of the action-space distribution of stream stars have shown it to be rather composed of orbits trapped at a resonance of a density disturbance. This resonant scenario should leave a clearly different signature in the element abundances of stream stars than the dispersed cluster scenario, since the Hyades cluster is chemically homogeneous. Here, we study the metallicity as well as the element abundances of Li, Na, Mg, Fe, Zr, Ba, La, Ce, Nd and Eu for a random sample of stars belonging to the Hyades stream, and compare them with those of stars from the Hyades cluster. From this analysis: (i) we independently confirm that the Hyades stream cannot be solely composed of stars originating in the Hyades cluster; (ii) we show that some stars (namely 2/21) from the Hyades stream nevertheless have abundances compatible with an origin in the cluster; (iii) we emphasize that the use of Li as a chemical tag of the cluster origin of main-sequence stars is very efficient in the range 5500 K <= T(eff) <= 6200 K, since the Li sequence in the Hyades cluster is very tight, while at the same time spanning a large abundance range; (iv) we show that, while this evaporated population has a metallicity excess of similar to 0.2 dex with respect to the local thin-disc population, identical to that of the Hyades cluster, the remainder of the Hyades stream population has still a metallicity excess of similar to 0.06-0.15 dex, consistent with an origin in the inner Galaxy and (v) we show that the Hyades stream can be interpreted as an inner 4:1 resonance of the spiral pattern: this then also reproduces an orbital family compatible with the Sirius stream, and places the origin of the Hyades stream up to 1 kpc inwards from the solar radius, which might explain the observed metallicity excess of the stream population.

Crystal structure of the IL-22/IL-22R1 complex and its implications for the IL-22 signaling mechanism

Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a member of the interleukin-10 cytokine family, which is involved in anti-microbial defenses, tissue damage protection and repair, and acute phase responses. Its signaling mechanism involves the sequential binding of IL-22 to interleukin-22 receptor 1 (IL-22R1), and of this dimer to interleukin-10 receptor 2 (IL-10R2) extracellular domain. We report a 1.9 A crystal structure of the IL-22/IL-22R1 complex, revealing crucial interacting residues at the IL-22/IL-22R1 interface. Functional importance of key residues was confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis and functional studies. Based on the X-ray structure of the binary complex, we discuss a molecular basis of the IL-22/IL-22R1 recognition by IL-10R2.

The collections of Lauraceae in the Herbarium of Henri Van Heurck (AWH)

Background and aims - The collections of Lauraceae in the Van Heurck Herbarium (AWH), which is currently on permanent loan to BR, have remained unknown by most of the specialists and by the general public up until the present. The taxonomic status of its one hundred and forty nine specimens of Lauraceae is here presented.Methods - Standard herbarium taxonomy practices were used in conjunction with the literature available. Specimens from fifty eight different herbaria were studied personally, or by checking their holdings available in the internet, or from digital images received from the curators.Key results - The specimens of Lauraceae from AWH are distributed in twenty four genera and seventy eight species with taxonomic status resolved, excepting for three specimens pertaining to species name of status uncertain (one), or to unresolved determination (two). From them, fifty three specimens are nomenclatural types of any sort, which corroborate the relevance of exsiccates acquired by Van Heurck, even for this relatively small set of specimens for the family. Fifteen lectotypifications and one neotypification of species names are proposed here.

The identity of two obscure names of Violaceae from the Flora Brasiliensis context: nomenclatural novelties within Hybanthus communis

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Réglement organique pour le service public du culte, dans les synagogues belges

adopté par le consistoire, et approuvé par le Grand-Rabbin de la Belgique