Modelo de avaliação das condições de aplicação da produção magra

Para fazer face à forte concorrência que a indústria gráfica começa a sentir, e com o objectivo de aumentar a sua rentabilidade e competitividade, propõe-se, neste estudo, aplicar o sistema de fabrico que revolucionou a indústria automóvel na segunda metade do século XX e que começa, progressivamente, a ser generalizado a outras indústrias. Através da concepção de um modelo de «lean production», ou Produção Magra, será possível avaliar o processo de fabrico de uma empresa gráfica, sugerindo importantes acções a tomar, em diversas áreas, conduzindo-a a um novo método de fabrico baseado no sistema de produção magra. Foi realizado um estudo de caso numa empresa gráfica, tendo sido aplicadas as várias ferramentas típicas da produção magra. A análise de dois momentos do estudo de caso revelou, através da aplicação do modelo e após as sugestões apresentadas, uma evolução da organização para um estado mais próximo do sistema de produção magra. O modelo de avaliação permite repensar a forma de produzir valor numa gráfica, que tipicamente labora sob um método de fabrico de produção em massa. Muitas alterações tecnológicas ocorreram nos últimos anos nesta indústria e o método de fabrico ainda se mantém. É agora possível produzir de forma mais optimizada, concentrando todos os esforços na eliminação dos desperdícios.

O impacto do Modelo Touchpoints: das representações do educador de infância à construção de uma parentalidade confiante

Na esteira dos estudos sobre a relação creche-família e sobre o modelo Touchpoints, surgiu o interesse de elaborar uma investigação-ação, na qual se pretende implementar práticas reflexivas Touchpoints e avaliar o seu impacto na satisfação dos pais, das educadoras de infância, no desenvolvimento infantil, na qualidade do contexto educativo, nas rotinas da família e no desenvolvimento das crianças. Para o efeito e assumindo um duplo papel enquanto educadoras de infância e investigadoras, foram convidados a participar neste estudo 22 pais de 23 crianças, com idades compreendidas entre os 13 e os 33 meses, que frequentam as salas de creche onde exercemos a nossa atividade profissional, em duas instituições distintas. Esta investigação assentou em quatro fases de trabalho, de forma a cumprir os objetivos propostos: 1ª) a recolha de dados, antes da formação em Touchpoints, recorrendo aos seguintes instrumentos e observações: Escala de Desenvolvimento Infantil Growing Skills II, observação da interação pais-criança com a escala Care-Index, avaliação da satisfação dos pais e das educadoras com a Parent Caregiver Relationship Scale (PCRS), avaliação do contexto educativo com a ITERS-R, e os Mapas de Rotinas Semanais da família; 2ª) formação Touchpoints com uma equipa interdisciplinar; 3ª) Práticas reflexivas Touchpoints – as educadoras como agentes de mudança refletem sobre as suas práticas com guiões prévios e coaching (supervisão com formadores que visitaram a creche, a equipa educativa e a sala da educadora); 4ª) repetição da recolha de dados no final do projeto. O estudo indicou que o desenvolvimento infantil, as relações pais-filhos, as rotinas familiares, a satisfação pais-educadoras e educadoras-pais, assim como a própria prática das educadoras, mudaram após o treino com as práticas reflexivas em Touchpoints. Embora estes resultados não possam ser generalizados e o controlo das variáveis seja afetada por uma metodologia de investigação-ação (portanto, não possamos inferir que todos estes ganhos se devem às praticas reflexivas Touchpoints), os principais resultados obtidos neste estudo permitem-nos repensar formas de relacionamento entre a creche e a família e sobre o impacto que a prática reflexiva dos educadores de infância pode ter na qualidade destas relações. Julgamos que a presente investigação suscita questões sobre a relação educadores-pais e sobre o contributo das práticas reflexivas em Touchpoints nas práticas de creche.

Direct treatment costs of HIV/AIDS in Portugal

OBJECTIVE To analyze the direct medical costs of HIV/AIDS in Portugal from the perspective of the National Health Service. METHODS A retrospective analysis of medical records was conducted for 150 patients from five specialized centers in Portugal in 2008. Data on utilization of medical resources during 12 months and patients’ characteristics were collected. A unit cost was applied to each care component using official sources and accounting data from National Health Service hospitals. RESULTS The average cost of treatment was 14,277 €/patient/year. The main cost-driver was antiretroviral treatment (€ 9,598), followed by hospitalization costs (€ 1,323). Treatment costs increased with the severity of disease from € 11,901 (> 500 CD4 cells/µl) to € 23,351 (CD4 count ≤ 50 cells/ µl). Cost progression was mainly due to the increase in hospitalization costs, while antiretroviral treatment costs remained stable over disease stages. CONCLUSIONS The high burden related to antiretroviral treatment is counterbalanced by relatively low hospitalization costs, which, however, increase with severity of disease. The relatively modest progression of total costs highlights that alternative public health strategies that do not affect transmission of disease may only have a limited impact on expenditure, since treatment costs are largely dominated by constant antiretroviral treatment costs.

The AIDS epidemic in the Amazon region: a spatial case-control study in Rondonia, Brazil

OBJECTIVE To analyze spatial changes in the risk of AIDS and the relationship between AIDS incidence and socioeconomic variables in the state of Rondonia, Amazon region. METHODS A spatial, population case-control study in Rondonia, Brazil, based on 1,780 cases reported to the Epidemiological Surveillance System and controls based on demographic data from 1987 to 2006. The cases were grouped into five consecutive four-year periods. A generalized additive model was adjusted to the data; the dependent variable was the status of the individuals (case or control), and the independent variables were a bi-dimensional spline of the geographic coordinates and some municipality-level socioeconomic variables. The observed values of the Moran’s I test were compared to a reference distribution of values generated under conditions of spatial randomness. RESULTS AIDS risk shows a marked spatial and temporal pattern. The disease incidence is related to socioeconomic variables at the municipal level in Rondônia, such as urbanization and human capital. The highest incidence rates of AIDS are in municipalities along the BR-364 highway and calculations of the Moran’s I test show positive spatial correlation associated with proximity of the municipality to the highway in the third and fourth periods (p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Incidence of the disease is higher in municipalities of greater economic wealth and urbanization, and in those municipalities bisected by Rondônia’s main roads. The rapid development associated with the opening up of once remote regions may be accompanied by an increase in these risks to health.

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibody in HIV/AIDS-infected individuals in Maputo, Mozambique

OBJECTIVE To analyze the prevalence of IgG antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in patients infected with HIV/AIDS and the association of demographic and social variables. METHODS Descriptive cross-sectional study that included the analysis of sociodemographic data and laboratory findings of 200 patients infected with HIV/AIDS treated in a laboratory unit in Maputo, Mozambique, in 2010. Individual data for all participants were collected with a self-administered questionnaire. Plasma samples were tested for IgG testing of anti- T. gondii using hemagglutination for the analysis of antibodies. RESULTS The seroprevalence of IgG anti- T. gondii was 46.0% (95%CI 39.2;52.9), 39.3% (95%CI 29.5;50.0) in men and 50.9% (95%CI 41.9;59.8) in women, with no difference between sex (OR 1.30; 95%CI 0.95;1.77; p = 0.12). Ages ranged from 10 to 60 years, with a higher prevalence of infection in older age groups, but with no significant difference between them. Regularly consuming cattle meat (OR 1.74; 95%CI 1.04;2.89, p = 0.05), breeding cats/dogs (OR 6.18; 95%CI 3.60;10.62, p < 0.000) and having regular contact with soil (OR 3.38; 95%CI 2.19;5.21; p < 0.000) were significantly associated with risk of latent infection. CONCLUSIONS Toxoplasmosis is an infection with high prevalence in Mozambique. Cultural and behavioral aspects increase the risk. Toxoplasmosis can be responsible in our environment by the great burden of morbidity and mortality associated with meningoencephalic injuries in patients with HIV/AIDS.

Contributos para o desenvolvimento de um modelo de avaliação do capital intelectual em instituições de ensino superior

Mestrado em Gestão e Empreendedorismo

HIV/AIDS knowledge among men who have sex with men: applying the item response theory

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the level of HIV/AIDS knowledge among men who have sex with men in Brazil using the latent trait model estimated by Item Response Theory. METHODS Multicenter, cross-sectional study, carried out in ten Brazilian cities between 2008 and 2009. Adult men who have sex with men were recruited (n = 3,746) through Respondent Driven Sampling. HIV/AIDS knowledge was ascertained through ten statements by face-to-face interview and latent scores were obtained through two-parameter logistic modeling (difficulty and discrimination) using Item Response Theory. Differential item functioning was used to examine each item characteristic curve by age and schooling. RESULTS Overall, the HIV/AIDS knowledge scores using Item Response Theory did not exceed 6.0 (scale 0-10), with mean and median values of 5.0 (SD = 0.9) and 5.3, respectively, with 40.7% of the sample with knowledge levels below the average. Some beliefs still exist in this population regarding the transmission of the virus by insect bites, by using public restrooms, and by sharing utensils during meals. With regard to the difficulty and discrimination parameters, eight items were located below the mean of the scale and were considered very easy, and four items presented very low discrimination parameter (< 0.34). The absence of difficult items contributed to the inaccuracy of the measurement of knowledge among those with median level and above. CONCLUSIONS Item Response Theory analysis, which focuses on the individual properties of each item, allows measures to be obtained that do not vary or depend on the questionnaire, which provides better ascertainment and accuracy of knowledge scores. Valid and reliable scales are essential for monitoring HIV/AIDS knowledge among the men who have sex with men population over time and in different geographic regions, and this psychometric model brings this advantage.

Proposta conceitual de telessaúde no modelo da pesquisa translacional

OBJETIVO Rever relação conceitual entre telessaúde e pesquisa translacional. MÉTODOS Realizou-se busca bibliográfica sobre telessaúde nas bases Scopus, Cochrane BVS, Lilacs e Medline com a finalidade de encontrar experiências de telessaúde conjugadas com a discussão da pesquisa translacional em saúde. A busca recuperou oito estudos, que basearam a análise dos modelos das cinco etapas da pesquisa translacional com os múltiplos fluxos de política pública no contexto brasileiro da telessaúde. Esses modelos foram aplicados às atividades de telessaúde da Rede de Bancos de Leite Humano, na Rede Universitária de Telemedicina. RESULTADOS O ciclo da pesquisa translacional do leite humano coletado, armazenado e distribuído apresentou iniciativas de telessaúde integradas, tais como videoconferências, softwares e portais de síntese do conhecimento, compondo elementos de um ecossistema de informação, mediado por tecnologias da informação e comunicação no sistema de saúde. CONCLUSÕES A telessaúde deve ser compreendida como conjunto de atividades em rede mediadas por computação e que promovem a translação do conhecimento entre pesquisa e serviços de saúde.

Modelo matemático de mortalidade de bactérias coliformes em águas costeiras

Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ecologia, Gestão e Modelação de Recursos Marinhos

CDC PC station guide: tutorial

This is a walkthrough guide to install a fresh CDC PC Station on the Flexible Manufacturing Field Trial.

Famílias estruturadas de modelos com modelo base ortogonal: Teoria e aplicações

Dissertação apresentada para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Matemática com especialização em Estatística pela Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia.

Um modelo de grupos para aplicações interactivas distribuídas

Dissertação apresentada para a obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Informática pela Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia

Dentistry and HIV/AIDS related stigma

OBJECTIVE To analyze HIV/AIDS positive individual’s perception and attitudes regarding dental services.METHODS One hundred and thirty-four subjects (30.0% of women and 70.0% of men) from Nuevo León, Mexico, took part in the study (2014). They filled out structured, analytical, self-administered, anonymous questionnaires. Besides the sociodemographic variables, the perception regarding public and private dental services and related professionals was evaluated, as well as the perceived stigma associated with HIV/AIDS, through a Likert-type scale. The statistical evaluation included a factorial and a non-hierarchical cluster analysis.RESULTS Social inequalities were found regarding the search for public and private dental professionals and services. Most subjects reported omitting their HIV serodiagnosis and agreed that dentists must be trained and qualified to treat patients with HIV/AIDS. The factorial analysis revealed two elements: experiences of stigma and discrimination in dental appointments and feelings of concern regarding the attitudes of professionals or their teams concerning patients’ HIV serodiagnosis. The cluster analysis identified three groups: users who have not experienced stigma or discrimination (85.0%); the ones who have not had those experiences, but feel somewhat concerned (12.7%); and the ones who underwent stigma and discrimination and feel concerned (2.3%).CONCLUSIONS We observed a low percentage of stigma and discrimination in dental appointments; however, most HIV/AIDS patients do not reveal their serodiagnosis to dentists out of fear of being rejected. Such fact implies a workplace hazard to dental professionals, but especially to the very own health of HIV/AIDS patients, as dentists will not be able to provide them a proper clinical and pharmaceutical treatment.

Specialized care for people with AIDS in the state of Ceara, Brazil

OBJECTIVE To analyze if the distribution of specialized care services for HIV/AIDS is associated with AIDS rates. METHODS Ecological study, for which the distribution of 10 specialized care services in the Ceara state, Northeastern Brazil, was obtained, and the mean rates of the disease were estimated per mesoregion. We evaluated 7,896 individuals who had been diagnosed with AIDS, were aged 13 years or older, lived in Ceara, and had been informed of their condition between 2001 and 2011. Maps were constructed to verify the relationship between the distribution of AIDS cases and institutionalized support networks in the 2001-2006 and 2007-2011 periods. BoxMap and LisaMap were used for data analysis. The Voronoi diagram was applied for the distribution of the studied services. RESULTS Specialized care services concentrated in AIDS clusters in the metropolitan area. The Noroeste Cearense and west of the Sertoes Cearenses had high AIDS rates, but a low number of specialized care services over time. Two of these services were implemented where clusters of the disease exist in the second period. The application of the Voronoi diagram showed that the specialized care services located outside the metropolitan area covered a large territory. We identified one polygon that had no services. CONCLUSIONS The scenario of AIDS cases spread away from major urban areas demands the creation of social support services in areas other than the capital and the metropolitan area of the state; this can reduce access barriers to these institutions. It is necessary to create specialized care services for HIV/AIDS in the Noroeste Cearense and north of Jaguaribe.