New Law against an Old State: Land Restitution as a Transition to Justice in Post-Apartheid South Africa?

The research on which this text is based has been financially supported by the Berne University Research Foundation (2009–2011) as well as by an Ambizione Research Fellowship of the Swiss National Science Foundation (2012–2014). During my stays in South Africa, the Departments of Anthropology at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, and the University of South Africa (UNISA), Pretoria, provided me with welcoming and inspiring research environments. This article benefitted greatly from engaged discussions around its presentation at various occasions, notably our ECAS 2011 panel Transition and Justice: Negotiating the Terms of New Beginnings in Africa, held in Uppsala. I am particularly grateful to my co-convener and co-editor Gerhard Anders as well as Laurens Bakker, Keebet von Benda-Beckmann, Ben Cousins, Julia Eckert, Marion Fresia, Vinodh Jaichand, Steffen Jensen, Tim Kelsall, Hanri Mostert, Johanna Mugler, David O'Kane, Julia Pauli, Mats Utas, Julia Zenker and the anonymous referees of Development and Change for their critical engagements.

Populist Communication in the Context of European Parliament Elections 2014

Over the last decade European democracies have been facing a challenge by the rising force of new populist movements. The emergence of the financial and sovereign debt crisis in Europe created new fertile soil for the strengthening of old-established – and the development of new – populist parties in several EU-member states. José Manuel Barroso, president of the European Commission, emphasized his increased unease concerning these developments when he was speaking at the annual Brussels Think Tank Forum on 22. April 2013: “I am deeply concerned about the divisions that we see emerging: political extremes and populism tearing apart the political support and the social fabric that we need to deal with the crisis; […]” (Barroso 2013). Indeed, European elites seem to be increasingly worried by these recent developments which are perceived as an impending stress test of the Union and the project of European integration as a whole (Hartleb 2013). Sure enough, the results of the recent European Parliament Elections 2014 revealed a great support for populist political parties in many societies of EU-member countries. To understand the success of populist parties in Europe it is crucial to first shed light on the nature of populist party communication itself. Significant communicative differences may explain the varying success of populist parties between and within countries, while a pure demand-side approach (i.e. a focus on the preferences of the electorate) often fails to do so (Mudde 2010). The aim of this study is therefore to analyse what different types of populist communication styles emerge during the EP election campaign 2014 and under which conditions populist communication styles are selected by political parties. So far, the empirical measurement of populism has received only scarce attention (Rooduijn & Pauwels 2011). Besides, most of the existing empirical investigations of populism are single case studies (Albertazzi & McDonnell 2008) and scholars have not yet developed systematic methods to measure populism in a comparative way (Rooduijn & Pauwels 2011). This is a consequence of a lack of conceptual clarity which goes along with populism (Taggart 2000; Barr 2009; Canovan 1999) due to its contextual sensitivity. Hence, populism in Europe should be analysed in a way that clarifies the concept of populism and moreover takes into account that the Europeanization of politics has an influence on the type of populist party communication, which is intended in the course of that study.

The Inverted Phantom Giant

In his famous children’s book, “Jim Button and Luke the Engine Driver”, Michael Ende describes a curious character: A phantom giant. Clothed in rags and with a long beard, the phantom giant appears enormous from far away, but shrinks to normal size as one gets closer. Most people avoid the poor creature, but the ones that dare approach it encounter a gentle, lonely being called Mr. Tur Tur. Chemical ecology is just the opposite of Mr. Tur Tur: A phantom dwarf. Or, in other words, an inverted phantom giant. From a distance, chemical ecology appears like a slightly odd, marginal section of biology and chemistry. But, as the interested scholar approaches, it starts growing and very quickly reaches gigantic dimensions, because all life is explained by chemistry, and all biological chemistry is guided by ecological principles. Herein lies the difficulty with chemical ecology: As it is not perceived well by biologists and chemists, few approach it to understand its significance, and the ones that do find themselves in front of a giant that defies their attempts to define and contain it. This is where the Journal of Chemical Ecology comes in: It invites us to take a closer look at an underestimated discipline and supports us to explore it and deal with its multidimensionality through the promotion of knowledge and methods. These services are unique and make the journal stand out of the crowd of scientific journals. Writing children’s books has become difficult in the era of information technology. And, so has the job of the Journal of Chemical Ecology. Young scientists gather information through accessible, dynamic websites and social platforms. They want articles that are available through a single mouse click, anywhere, anytime. They prefer advanced interactive hypertext protocols over clumsy pdf files. They care about transparency, non-profit and open access just as much as about traditional journal properties. In my view, reaching “the kids” is the major challenge of the Journal over the next years. Promoting an inverted phantom giant in the 21st century requires a combination of high-quality information and boosted visibility. In Michael Ende’s book, Jim and Luke follow exactly this strategy with Mr. Tur Tur: They become friends and offer him a job as a living lighthouse to protect their small island. They combine a quality relationship with high visibility, et voilà, the story ends well! I am looking forward to seeing if the Journal of Chemical Ecology will follow a similar path to reach the next generation of biologists and chemists. If yes, there is a good chance that in 40 years from now, somebody will write a laudation and refer to another famous book by Michael Ende: “The Neverending Story”.

Finding a voice - Nollywood inspired filmmaking practices in Switzerland

Under the name Nollywood a unique video film industry has developed in Nigeria in the last few decades, which now forms one of the world’s biggest entertainment industries. With its focus on stories reflecting „the values, desires and fears” (Haynes 2007: 133) of African viewers and its particular way of production, Nollywood brings „lived practices and its representation together in ways that make the films deeply accessible and entirely familiar to their audience“ (Marston et al. 2007: 57). In doing so, Nollywood shows its spectators new postcolonial forms of performative self‐expression and becomes a point of reference for a wide range of people. However, Nollywood not only excites a large number of viewers inside and outside Nigeria, it also inspires some of them to become active themselves and make their own films. This effect of Nigerian filmmaking can be found in many parts of sub‐Saharan Africa as well as in African diasporas all over the world – including Switzerland (Mooser 2011: 63‐66). As a source of inspiration, Nollywood and its unconventional ways of filmmaking offer African migrants a benchmark that meets their wish to express themselves as minority group in a foreign country. As Appadurai (1996: 53), Ginsburg (2003: 78) and Marks (2000: 21) assume, filmmakers with a migratory background have a specific need to express themselves through media. As minority group members in their country of residence they not only wish to reflect upon their situation within the diaspora and illustrate their everyday struggles as foreigners, but to also express their own views and ideas in order to challenge dominant public opinion (Ginsburg 2003: 78). They attempt to “talk back to the structures of power” (2003: 78) they live in. In this process, their audio-visual works become a means of response and “an answering echo to a previous presentation or representation” (Mitchell 1994: 421). The American art historian Mitchell, therefore, suggests interpreting representation as “the relay mechanism in exchange of power, value, and publicity” (1994: 420). This desire of interacting with the local public has also been expressed during a film project of African, mainly Nigerian, first-generation migrants in Switzerland I am currently partnering in. Several cast and crew members have expressed feelings of being under-represented, even misrepresented, in the dominant Swiss media discourse. In order to create a form of exchange and give themselves a voice, they consequently produce a Nollywood inspired film and wish to present it to the society they live in. My partnership in this on‐going film production (which forms the foundation of my PhD field study) allows me to observe and experience this process. By employing qualitative media anthropological methods and in particular Performance Ethnography, I seek to find out more about the ways African migrants represent themselves as a community through audio‐visual media and the effect the transnational use of Nollywood has on their form of self‐representations as well as the ways they express themselves.

Mobile Temporalities: Place, Ruination and the Dialectics of Time

In this chapter I explore the ambiguous, contradictory and often transient ways the past enters into our lives. I shed light on the interplay of mobility and temporality in the lifeworlds of two Somalis who left Mogadishu with the outbreak of the war in the 1990s. Looking into the ways they actively make sense of this crucial ‘memory-place’ (Ricoeur 2004), a place that that has been turned into a landscape of ruins and rubble, alternative understandings of memory and temporality will emerge. Instead of producing a continuum between here and there, and now and then, the stories and photographs discussed in this chapter form dialectical images – images that refuse to be woven into a coherent picture of the past. By emphasising the dialectical ways these two individuals make sense of Mogadishu’s past and presence, I am following Walter Benjamin’s cue to rethink deeply modern analytical categories such as history, memory and temporality by highlighting the brief, fragmented moments of their appearance in everyday life.

Oesterreich hoch! National-Hymne nach der Melodie des Volksliedes: Oestreich hoch! - um seine Fahnen Reiht sich seiner Söhne Schaar ...

Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Umdichtung der österreichischen Nationalhymne (Volkshymne) 'Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser' aus Anlaß der Bewilligung der Märzforderungen durch Kaiser Ferdinand I. am 13. März 1848

Leaving Home: Philo of Alexandria on the Exodus.

For Jewish-Hellenistic authors writing in Egypt, the Exodus story posed unique challenges. After all, to them Egypt was, as Philo of Alexandria states, their fatherland. How do these authors come to terms with the biblical story of liberation from Egyptian slavery and the longing for the promised land? In this chapter I am taking a close look at Philo’s detailed discussion of the Exodus and locate it within the larger context of Jewish-Hellenistic literature (Wisdom of Solomon, Ezekiel’s Exagoge). In Philo’s rewriting of the Exodus the destination of the journey is barely mentioned. Contrary to the biblical narrative, in the scene of the burning bush, as retold by Philo, God does not tell Moses where to go. Philo’s main concern is what happens in Egypt: both in biblical times and in his own days. The Exodus is nevertheless important to Philo: He reads the story allegorically as a journey from the land of the body to the realms of the mind. Such a symbolic reading permitted him to control the meaning of the Exodus and to stay, literally and figuratively, in Egypt.

Tending the Vineyard: Maritime Religion on Martha's Vineyard from 1824-1978

The first part of this paper will give a brief introduction to maritime missiology, the second section will trace the beginnings of the Boston Seaman’s Friend Society in the nineteenth century and the third will focus on the Vineyard Haven branch of that work well into the twentieth century. Using source material from the American Seamen’s Friend Society - there is a 5,000 document collection of the ASFS papers in the G.W. Blunt White Library at Mystic Seaport, the Boston Seaman’s Friend Society - whose papers are mostly in the Congregational House on Beacon Hill in Boston, and other secondary works from the nineteenth and twentieth century. I am especially indebted to George Wiseman’s book, They Kept the Lower Lights Burning, Wiseman was the pastor of Trinity Methodist Episcopal Church in Oak Bluff during WWII and the son-in-law of Austin Tower. This presentation will look at the many facets that made up religious work among seafarers.

Proceedings of the Nineteenth Annual Biochemical Engineering Symposium

The nineteenth symposium was held at the University of Missouri–Columbia on April 22, 1989. A total of eighteen papers were scheduled for presentation, of which nine were in poster session. Finally, fifteen papers were presented and sixteen were submitted for this proceedings. It was attended by 53 participants from five institutions. A sixth group (from Colorado State University) was kept from attending the symposium due to mechanical problems on the road and we missed them. Since they worked hard at their presentations, I requested CSU-group to submit their papers for the proceedings and I am happy that they did. ContentsMathematical modelling of a flour milling system. K. Takahashi, Y. Chen, J. Hosokoschi, and L. T. Fan. Kansas State University A novel solution to the problem of plasmid segregation in continuous bacterial fermentations. K.L. Henry, R. H. Davis, and A. L. Taylor. University of Colorado Modelling of embryonic growth in avian and reptile Eggs. C.L. Krause, R. C. Seagrave, and R. A. Ackerman. Iowa State University Mathematical modeling of in situ biodegradation processes. J.C. Wu, L. T. Fan, and L. E. Erickson. Kansas State University Effect of molecular changes on starch viscosity. C.H. Rosane and V. G. Murphy. Colorado State University Analysis of two stage recombinant bacterial fermentations using a structured kinetic model. F. Miao and D. S. Kampala. University of Colorado Lactic acid fermentation from enzyme-thinned starch by Lactobacillus amylovorus. P.S. Cheng, E. L. Iannotti, R. K. Bajpai, R. Mueller, and s. Yaeger. University of Missouri–Columbia Solubilization of preoxidized Texas lignite by cell-free broths of Penicillium strains. R. Moolick, M. N. Karim, J. C. Linden, and B. L. Burback. Colorado State University Separation of proteins from polyelectrolytes by ultrafiltration. A.G. Bazzano and C. E. Glatz. Iowa State University Growth estimation and modelling of Rhizopus oligosporus in solid state fermentations. D.-H. Ryoo, V. G. Murphy, M. N. Karim, and R. P. Tengerdy. Colorado State University Simulation of ethanol fermentations from sugars in cheese whey. C.J. Wang and R. K. Bajpai. University of Missouri–Columbia Studies on protoplast fusion of B. licheniformis. B. Shi, Kansas State University Cell separations of non-dividing and dividing yeasts using an inclined settler. C.-Y. Lee, R. H. Davis, and R. A. Sclafani. University of Colorado Effect of·serum upon local hydrodynamics within an airlift column. G.T. Jones, L. E. Erickson, and L. A. Glasgow. Kansas State University Optimization of heterologous protein secretion in continuous culture. A. Chatterjee, W. F. Remirez, and R. H. Davis. University of Colorado An improved model for lactic acid fermentation. P. Yeh, R. K. Bajpai, and E. L. Iannotti. University of Missouri–Columbia

Bajtín, Borges y la resurrección de la rosa

Pensar la propuesta bajtiniana, formulada en las primeras décadas del siglo XX, acerca de las relaciones dialógicas, las entabladas entre el yo y el otro, entre la conciencia propia y la de los demás, entre la palabra propia y la ajena, entre la cultura nacional y las extranjeras, equivale a sumergirnos en uno de los temas o categorías actuales que han despertado las más variadas elaboraciones y discusiones teóricas, desde el espacio de la crítica. Una de las contribuciones más importantes del pensamiento contemporáneo de Mijail Bajtín está relacionada con la teoría del sujeto, cuando, en sus reflexiones acerca del hombre, expresa que lo que define precisamente al ser humano en cuanto tal, es la relación que establece con el otro en el acto creador. Ese otro que, precisamente, es alguien que no soy yo. Así, la alteridad se encuentra en el centro de su pensamiento dialógico. Su filosofía del acto ético parte de las relaciones que el yo entabla con el otro, argumentando que este otro es simplemente alguien que no soy yo, otro inmediato y cotidiano. El otro se convierte así en la primera realidad dada con la que nos encontramos en el mundo, ese mundo cuyo centro es el yo y en el que todos los demás se transforman en otros para mí. Al respecto, propone todo un sistema de relaciones, yo-para-mí, yo-para-otro, otro-para-mí, que se ponen en juego en la interacción cotidiana del sujeto con los otros hombres. Ese juego dialéctico entre “yo soy" y “yo también soy", entre otros, nos lleva a una de las reflexiones significativas del filósofo ruso: es el otro quien me proporciona la primera definición de mí mismo, de mi cuerpo, de mi valor, dada en este caso por la persona que nos recibe por primera vez en el mundo –la madre y su deseo- y desde la posición del otro que posee una visión sobre mi persona y el mundo, al percibir todo aquello que yo no puedo ver desde mi posición única. En suma, partiendo de la premisa expresada por Bajtín acerca de la estructura del diálogo, “siempre está presente la intersección, consonancia o interrupción de las réplicas del diálogo interno de los héroes", este estudio intenta articular, desde un espacio de análisis teórico, cómo el escritor argentino Jorge Luis Borges construye discursivamente al otro/otros en las variaciones del tema en muchas y diversas voces. Los cuentos Veinticinco Agosto 1983, Borges y yo, y La rosa de Paracelso, son los seleccionados para reflexionar y articular el pensamiento dialógico de Mijail Bajtín.

La literatura y la vida: los Cuadernos de Carmen Martín Gaite

Afirma el estudioso José Romera Castillo que en el período que va de 1975 hasta nuestros días han ido apareciendo (o se han rescatado) en España escritos diarísticos diversos en calidad y modalidad. Voy a insistir sobre esta calificación de “diversa modalidad" para analizar los diarios de la escritora española Carmen Martín Gaite (1925-2000), publicados en el año 2001 y 2005 con los títulos Cuadernos de todo y Visión de Nueva York, respectivamente. Estas colecciones de escritos íntimos aparecidas póstumamente, reafirman la poética de la autora, presente de manera implícita en sus novelas y desarrollada en sus libros de ensayos e investigación. La intrincada relación entre literatura y vida, presente siempre en toda su producción, se manifiesta con toda claridad en estos textos, que revelan la continuidad de su labor de escritora en cada momento de su vida y la coherencia de su ideario.

Del “Dios presente" al “Ser omnipotente" : la helenización de Yahweh en el cristianismo medieval

El judaísmo tardío y posteriormente el cristianismo incursionaron frecuentemente en el célebre pasaje de Éx. 3, 14, entendiéndolo como la revelación del Nombre divino a Moisés. Las respectivas influencias de la ontología griega y de la Septuaginta que traduce el citado texto hebreo por “Yo Soy el que Soy" (ejgwv eijmi oJ w[n), se hicieron presentes en la tradición cristiana desde sus orígenes hasta la Escolástica del siglo XIII. Sea con matices esencialistas o de carácter existencial, el Dios bíblico ha sido comprendido como “Ser" en distintos momentos del cristianismo medieval. Este alejamiento de la intuición bíblica originaria en dirección a una concepción helénica del Ser, produjo notables consecuencias en la imagen de Dios sostenida por los cristianos.

La construcción del bárbaro en la obra de Julio César

El término bárbaro registra una larga historia y, formando antinomias, recorre un largo itinerario. Desde la clásica oposición helenos-bárbaros, pasando por romanos-bárbaros, pasó a contribuir al surgimiento de nuevas antinomias, cristiano-pagano y civilizado-bárbaro. ¿Cómo fueron posibles estas continuas metamorfosis, que comenzaron en la Antigüedad, se continuaron reeditando durante la Edad Media y Moderna y las vemos aparecer aún en nuestros días? Son posibles porque el bárbaro es, por sobre todo, el "otro", tenga éste las características que tenga. En esa historia de invención del "otro" queremos detenernos para considerar el aporte de la cultura romana a esta construcción, basándonos en el De bello Gallico de Julio César

Las fronteras cambiantes entre lo político y lo social : Aportes etnográficos al debate en torno de "el 2001" en Argentina

En Argentina, las concepciones disciplinarias sobre la política se han visto desafiadas por "el 2001". Las etnografías sobre procesos de estatalización barrial escritas en ese contexto pueden comprenderse como una respuesta singular a este desafío. Especialmente, los análisis etnográficos han discutido los supuestos normativos implícitos en ciertas dicotomías: "movimientos sociales" - "clientelismo", "autonomía" - "cooptación", "resistencia" - "subordinación", "nuevo" - "viejo", "proyecto" - "urgencia". Estas etnografías suelen privilegiar el análisis de los acontecimientos presenciados por el investigador en tiempo presente. Leídas comparativamente, sin embargo, parecen dar cuenta de un cierto orden en las diferencias que propongo interpretar desde una mirada histórica. Más específicamente, me interesa profundizar en la elucidación de los sentidos de "el 2001" (su antes y su después) en las experiencias de la política de las personas descriptas etnográficamente. Dentro de este marco, he trabajado un punto de encuentro entre las etnografías: cómo las personas definen sus prácticas en la relación entre "trabajo", "barrio" y "política"

La lectura y el lector : Sobre El último lector de Ricardo Piglia

En el presente trabajo me interesa considerar los modos en que Ricardo Piglia se ha constituido como escritor que lee y ha hecho de esta operación una clave de sus materiales, no sólo en la crítica argentina, sino desde su doble localización como profesor en Estados Unidos y Buenos Aires, para articular estas operaciones con algunos debates sobre la constitución del canon de la crítica argentina a partir de protocolos críticos y estéticos, en la formulación de concepciones de la literatura y del crítico