Beto Brant: realismo, género y obra de arte en proceso

A study of the work of Beto Brant

Aportes de los biocombustibles a la sustentabilidad del desarrollo en América Latina y el Caribe

Incluye Bibliografía

Adquisición de tecnología, aprendizaje y ambiente institucional en las PYME: el sector de las artes gráficas en México

Incluye Bibliografía

Alianzas público-privadas y escalamiento industrial. El caso del Complejo de Alta Tecnología de Jalisco, México

Incluye Bibliografía

Los sistemas nacionales de inversión pública en Argentina, Brasil, México, Venezuela y España como caso de referencia (cuadros comparativos)

Incluye Bibliografía

Tipología de instrumentos de derecho público ambiental internacional

En la segunda reunión de los Puntos Focales designados por los Gobiernos de los Países Signatarios de la Declaración sobre la aplicación del principio 10 de la Declaración de Río sobre el Medio Ambiente y el Desarrollo, que tuvo lugar en Guadalajara (México) los días 16 y 17 de abril de 2013, se decidió la creación de grupos de trabajo para avanzar hacia la consecución de un instrumento regional. Así, se estableció un grupo de trabajo sobre derechos de acceso e instrumento regional, con el objetivo de profundizar en el conocimiento de los derechos de acceso con miras a proponer la naturaleza y contenidos del instrumento regional. En su primera reunión, el grupo de trabajo consideró que un estudio descriptivo acerca de la tipología de instrumentos internacionales sería útil para alcanzar su objetivo. En este informe se estudian los diferentes tipos de instrumentos que se utilizan en el derecho internacional público, con énfasis en aquellos relativos al Principio 10. El informe está estructurado en tres capítulos, de la siguiente manera: En el primer capítulo se analiza el término "instrumento internacional" y se distingue entre instrumentos vinculantes y no vinculantes, presentando ejemplos ilustrativos. El segundo capítulo describe la función de mecanismos de cumplimiento e implementación en un instrumento internacional, a la vez que aporta ejemplos de dichos mecanismos. En el tercer capítulo se presentan los instrumentos multilaterales y regionales pertinentes a los derechos de acceso a la información, participación y justicia en asuntos ambientales en América Latina y el Caribe.

Typology of instruments of public environmental international law

At the second meeting of the focal points appointed by the Governments of the signatory countries of the Declaration on the application of Principle 10 of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development in Latin America and the Caribbean, which was held in Guadalajara, Mexico, on 16 and 17 April 2013, a decision was made to form working groups to advance towards the creation of a regional instrument. Thus, a working group on access rights and the regional instrument was formed for the purpose of gaining more in-depth knowledge on access rights in order to make a proposal on the nature and scope of the application of a regional instrument. At its first meeting, the working group determined that a study describing the different types of international instruments would be useful in helping it achieve its objective. This report explores the different types of instruments that are used in public international law, with an emphasis on the instruments that are relevant to Principle 10. The report has three chapters, which are as follows. The first chapter analyses the term “international instrument” and discusses the distinction between binding and non-binding legal instruments, illustrated with examples. The second chapter describes the function of implementation and compliance mechanisms in an international instrument, providing examples of these mechanisms. The third chapter presents the multilateral and regional instruments relevant to access rights regarding information, participation and justice in environmental matters in Latin America and the Caribbean.

Educação infantil inclusiva no Brasil e na Espanha: uma análise comparada de percepções de diretores(as) e de suas equipes

Pós-graduação em Educação Escolar - FCLAR

A verdade e o direito à saúde: das relações de poder às relações de direitos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Detection of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in foods by polymerase chain reaction

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) causes significant morbidity and mortality in infants of developing countries and is the most common cause of diarrhea in travelers to these areas. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infections are commonly caused by ingestion of fecally contaminated food. A timely method for the detection of ETEC in foods would be important in the prevention of this disease. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay which has been successful in detecting the heat-labile and heat-stable toxins of ETEC in stool was examined to determine its utility in foods. This PCR assay, preceded by a glass matrix and chaotropic DNA extraction, was effective in detecting high numbers of ETEC in a variety of foods. Ninety percent of 121 spiked food samples yielded positive results. Samples of salsa from Guadalajara, Mexico and Houston, Texas were collected and underwent DNA extraction and PCR. All samples yielded negative results for both the heat-labile and heat-stable toxins. Samples were also subjected to oligonucleotide probe analysis and resulted in 5 samples positive for ETEC. Upon dilution testing, it was found that positive PCR results only occurred when 12,000 to 1,000,000 bacteria were present in 200 mg of food. Although the DNA extraction and PCR method has been shown to be both sensitive and specific in stool, similar results were not obtained in food samples. ^

Relationship between enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and travelers' diarrhea in Mexico, from 1992 to 1997

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between enterotoxigenic ETEC and travelers' diarrhea over a period of five years in Guadalajara, Mexico. Specifically, this study identified and characterized ETEC from travelers with diarrhea. The objectives were to study the colonization factor antigens, toxins and antibiotic sensitivity patterns in ETEC from 1992 to 1997 and to study the molecular epidemiology of ETEC by plasmid content and DNA restriction fragment patterns. ^ In this survey of travelers' diarrhea in Guadalajara, Mexico, 928 travelers with diarrhea were screened for enteric pathogens between 1992 and 1997. ETEC were isolated in 195 (19.9%) of the patients, representing the most frequent enteric pathogen identified. ^ A total of 31 antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were identified among ETEC isolates over the five-year period. ^ The 195 ETEC isolates contained two to six plasmids each, which ranged in size from 2.0 to 23 kbp. ^ Three different reproducible rRNA gene restriction patterns (ribotypes R-1 to R-3) were obtained among the 195 isolates with the enzyme, HindIII. ^ Colonization factor antigens (CFAs) were identified in 99 (51%) of the 195 ETEC strains studied. ^ Cluster analysis of the observations seen in the four assays all confirmed the five distinct groups of study-year strains of ETEC. Each group had a >95% similarity level of strains within the group and <60% similarity level between the groups. In addition, discriminant analysis of assay variables used in predicting the ETEC strains, reveal a >80% relationship between both the plasmid and rRNA content of ETEC strains and study-year. ^ These findings, based on laboratory observations of the differences in biochemical, antimicrobial susceptibility, plasmid and ribotype content, suggest complex epidemiology for ETEC strains in a population with travelers' diarrhea. The findings of this study may have implications for our understanding of the epidemiology, transmission, treatment, control and prevention of the disease. It has been suggested that an ETEC vaccine for humans should contain the most prevalent CFAs. Therefore, it is important to know the prevalence of these factors in ETEC in various geographical areas. ^ CFAs described in this dissertation may be used in different epidemiological studies in which the prevalence of CFAs and other properties on ETEC will be evaluated. Furthermore, in spite of an intense search in near 200 ETEC isolates for strains that may have clonal relationship, we failed to identify such strains. However, further studies are in progress to construct suitable live vaccine strains and to introduce several of CFAs in the same host organism by recombinant DNA techniques (Dr. Ann-Mari Svennerholm's lab). (Abstract shortened by UMI.)^