Language policy and critical discourse studies:towards an integrated approach

This chapter offers a framework for combining critical language policy with critical discourse studies (CDS) to analyse language policy as a process in the context of minority language policy in Wales. I propose a discursive approach to language policy, which starts from the premise that language policy is constituted, enacted, interpreted and (re)contextualised in and through language. This approach extends the critical language policy framework provided by Shohamy (Language policy: hidden agendas and new approaches. Routledge, London, 2006) and integrates perspectives from the context-sensitive discourse-historical approach in CDS. It incorporates discourse as an essential lens through which policy mechanisms, ideologies and practices are constituted and de facto language policy materialises. This chapter argues that conceptualising and analysing language policy as a discursive phenomenon enables a better understanding of the multi-layered nature of language policy that shapes the management and experience of corporate bilingualism in Wales.

Differences between root traits of early- and late-successional trees influence below-ground competition and seedling establishment.

The competitive influence of the root system of the exotic grass Urochloa brizantha and the widespread forb Leonotis nepetifolia on the emergence, survival and early growth of the seedlings of eight tropical heliophilous herbaceous species, six early-successional woody species and five late-successional woody species from Brazil, grown in 3500-cm3 pots and in greenhouse without light restriction were assessed. The density of fine-root systems produced by the forb and the grass in pots were 6.8 cm cm-3 soil and 48.1 cm cm-3 soil, respectively. Seedlings survival of the heliophilous herbaceous, early- and late-successional woody species were 86%, 70% and 100% in presence of the forb root system and 12%, 14% and 100% in competition with grass root system, respectively. The competitive pressure applied by the grass root system on seedling growth of the heliophilous herbaceous, early- and late-successional woody species were 2.4, 1.9 and 1.4 times greater than the forb root system. Total root length of the heliophilous herbaceous, early- and late-successional woody species grown without competitors were 13, 33 and 5 times greater than in competition with forb, and were 66, 54 and 6 times greater than in competition with grass root system, respectively. The averages of fine-root diameter of plants grown without competitors were 209 microm for the heliophilous herbaceous, 281 microm for early-successional trees and 382 microm for late-successional trees. The root system of the forb did not avoid seedling establishment of most plant species, but the grass root system hampered more the establishment of heliophilous herbaceous and early-successional woody species than the seedling establishment of late-successional woody species. The different density of root systems produced in soil by the forb and the grass, and the distinct root traits (e.g. root diameter and root tissue density) of the early- and late-successional plant species can explain the differences in the establishment of seedlings of plant species belonging to different groups of tropical succession when exposed to below-ground competition.

THE PRACTICE OF ORAL PRODUCTION CONCERNING THE CONTINUING EDUCATION OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHERS AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF PROFESSIONAL IDENTITY

The scope of the present study is to comprehend the professional identity of a group of English Teachers. The research sought the answer to the following question: How does the mastery of the speaking aspect of the English Language influence teacher’s professional identity? The choice of the topic arose during a continuing education course offered by the authors of the present work, whose partakers were EFL teachers. The research took into consideration both, experiences observed during the continuing education course and relevant data collected with the help of an open questionnaire, which participants answered at the end of the course. Contemporary literature also supported the conclusions concerning teacher’s professional identity and its close relation to two important factors: the way teachers perceive themselves and how others see them. Regarding the English Language Teacher professional identity, the participants of the research stated that professionals from this area are not as valued as they should; in their opinion, the lack of oral fluency of most teachers is a key factor on the existence of a professional misrepresentation. Results have shown that, for them, oral fluency is essential for academic and social recognition of their profession. All participants stressed the need of continuing education in terms of oral practice, due to the lack of opportunity of practicing the English Language daily. They also pointed that teachers with limited-fluency tend to avoid the use of the target language in order to “hide their deficit” on EL; on the other hand, teachers that are fluent in English “feel safer and with self-steam”. We have concluded, from our research, that the oral fluency is indeed important for the constitution of English Language teacher’s professional identity, exerting a positive influence on it. On the other hand, the fact of not being fluent in English Language contributes for the so called “teacher’s professional identity crisis”. 

LANGUAGE, ENUNCIATION AND SENSE PRODUCTION

The aim of this paper is to reflect on the functioning of sense production by the happening of enunciation. In order to do so, examples of the enumeration functioning were used. The analyses show how the production of senses does not necessarily happen by the production of unities, but constitute simultaneity, superposition and crossover phenomena; they also show that the enunciation happening, when producing sense, divides the sensible, on the basis of the political functioning of the enunciation process.

Filón de Alejandría : Obra y pensamiento. Una lectura filológica

Filón de Alejandría (30?a. C.-50? d. C.) es una figura clave para conocer la profunda relación entre Judaísmo y Helenismo en el siglo I d. C. Judío practicante, su profundo dominio de la lengua, la literatura y, de modo especial, la retórica griegas lo convierten en una personalidad extraordinaria de su tiempo, tanto por su exégesis de la Torá (o Pentateuco) como por sus escritos apologéticos, históricos y filosóficos. Su testimonio es de gran valor para todo estudioso de la Antigüedad clásica por los muchos datos que aporta acerca de la filosofía, el pensamiento, la educación y la tradición clásica en el momento histórico que le tocó vivir, precisamente en un centro cultural de excepcional importancia dentro del Imperio romano

Filón de Alejandría : Obra y pensamiento. Una lectura filológica

Filón de Alejandría (30?a. C.-50? d. C.) es una figura clave para conocer la profunda relación entre Judaísmo y Helenismo en el siglo I d. C. Judío practicante, su profundo dominio de la lengua, la literatura y, de modo especial, la retórica griegas lo convierten en una personalidad extraordinaria de su tiempo, tanto por su exégesis de la Torá (o Pentateuco) como por sus escritos apologéticos, históricos y filosóficos. Su testimonio es de gran valor para todo estudioso de la Antigüedad clásica por los muchos datos que aporta acerca de la filosofía, el pensamiento, la educación y la tradición clásica en el momento histórico que le tocó vivir, precisamente en un centro cultural de excepcional importancia dentro del Imperio romano

Filón de Alejandría : Obra y pensamiento. Una lectura filológica

Filón de Alejandría (30?a. C.-50? d. C.) es una figura clave para conocer la profunda relación entre Judaísmo y Helenismo en el siglo I d. C. Judío practicante, su profundo dominio de la lengua, la literatura y, de modo especial, la retórica griegas lo convierten en una personalidad extraordinaria de su tiempo, tanto por su exégesis de la Torá (o Pentateuco) como por sus escritos apologéticos, históricos y filosóficos. Su testimonio es de gran valor para todo estudioso de la Antigüedad clásica por los muchos datos que aporta acerca de la filosofía, el pensamiento, la educación y la tradición clásica en el momento histórico que le tocó vivir, precisamente en un centro cultural de excepcional importancia dentro del Imperio romano

Student notebook of Thomas Prince, ca. 1707

Paper notebook in Latin on classical Greek grammar. The name "Thomas Prince" appears on the first page. The manuscript is undated. Based on the signature, this volume is assumed to have belonged to Thomas Prince, Sr., although it is undated and may have indeed belonged to Thomas Prince, Jr.

Student lecture notes of Benjamin Peirce, 1797-1798

This collection contains approximately twenty-three handwritten lecture summaries on six leaves made by Harvard undergraduate Benjamin Peirce between September 1797 and November 22, 1798. The summaries generally provide a few sentences describing the topic covered and primarily pertain to lectures on English grammar delivered by Eliphalet Pearson, the Hollis Professor of Hebrew and other Oriental Languages. There are also summaries for single lectures by David Tappan, the Hollis Professor Divinity; Samuel Webber, the Hollis Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy; and John Snelling Popkin, the Greek Tutor from 1795 to 1798, and later the Eliot Professor of Greek Literature. There is also an undated summary of a lecture by Benjamin Waterhouse, the Hersey Professor of Theory and Practice of Physic.

Grammatica graeca, 1763

Bound volume containing a handwritten Greek grammar compiled by Joseph Drury beginning in 1763. The last sixteen pages contain a historical poem beginning, “Mason might once assert a Poets Claim. / But he must needs write.” The poem contains references to the “Great Patriot P—,“ the Roman conquest of Gall, Caeser, Versailles, and includes the verses, “How the King doth all his Cooks excel / Besides he longs to kiss his P / Saving your presence Louis keeps a whore.”

Handbuch zur lateinischen Sprache des Mittelalters /

Mode of access: Internet.

Glossaire roman-latin du XVe siècle (ms. de la Bibliothèque de Lille),

"Extrait des annales de l'Académie d'archéologie de Belgique, tome XXI - 2e série, tome 1er. "

Der Vocabularius Breviloquus und seine Bedeutung für die Lexikographie des ausgehenden Mittelalters /

Vita.

Mittheilungen aus dem Breviloqvvs benthemianvs, einem handschriftlichen lateinischen Glossar des XV. Jahrhunderts,

Separate from Programm - Realschule des Johanneums, Hamburg.

Nicolai de Clemangiis... opera ominia qua' partim ex antiquissimis editionibus, partim ex ms. v. cl. Theodori Canteri,

Republished in 1967 by Gregg Press, Farnborough, Hants., Eng.