Magnetic flux density distribution in the air gap of a ferromagnetic core with superconducting blocks: three-dimensional analysis and experimental NMR results

The design of magnetic cores can be carried out by taking into account the optimization of different parameters in accordance with the application requirements. Considering the specifications of the fast field cycling nuclear magnetic resonance (FFC-NMR) technique, the magnetic flux density distribution, at the sample insertion volume, is one of the core parameters that needs to be evaluated. Recently, it has been shown that the FFC-NMR magnets can be built on the basis of solenoid coils with ferromagnetic cores. Since this type of apparatus requires magnets with high magnetic flux density uniformity, a new type of magnet using a ferromagnetic core, copper coils, and superconducting blocks was designed with improved magnetic flux density distribution. In this paper, the designing aspects of the magnet are described and discussed with emphasis on the improvement of the magnetic flux density homogeneity (Delta B/B-0) in the air gap. The magnetic flux density distribution is analyzed based on 3-D simulations and NMR experimental results.

Isolamento do Toxoplasma gondii de exsudato peritoneal e órgãos de camundongos com infecção experimental

Foram examinados exsudatos peritoneais e órgãos (cérebro, coração, pulmão e músculo estriado) de 53 camundongos infectados experimentalmente pelo Toxoplasma gondii, sendo 21 na fase aguda e 32 na crônica. Camundongos albinos, machos, de cerca de 25 g e 2 meses de idade foram inoculados, por via intraperitoneal, com 0,5 ml de exsudato peritoneal (taquizoitas) ou macerado de cérebro (cistos) de camundongos previamente infectados. O exame a fresco foi feito no exsudato peritoneal, entre 3 e 12 dias após inoculação e no cérebro, após 10 dias. Foram realizadas inoculações de macerados de órgãos em novos camundongos (repiques) para a recuperação do parasita no exsudato ou no cérebro. Na infecção aguda as positividades foram, ao exame a fresco: exsudato peritoneal 19/19, pulmão 12/14, músculo 6/9, coração 4/9 e cérebro 1/3. Após inoculação: exsudato peritoneal 5/5, cérebro 2/2, coração 19/19, pulmão 13/13 e músculo 14/17. Após estes últimos resultados foram registrados 9 novos órgãos positivos. A positividade final (igual à recuperação do parasita) foi: exsudato peritoneal 19/19 (100%), coração 15/17 (88,5%), músculo 12/14 (85,7%), pulmão 14/14 (100%) e cérebro 2/3 (66,6%). Na infecção crônica, que transcorreu entre 10 e 495 dias, as positividades foram, ao exame a fresco: cérebro 28/32, coração 0/4 e músculo 0/4. Após repique: cérebro 6/6, coração 14/29 e músculo 16/26. Neste exame foi revelado um novo camundongo positivo elevando para 29 o total de camundongos positivos ou 90,6%. O resultado final foi: cérebro 28/32 (87,5%), músculo 16/28 (57,15%) e coração 14/31 (45,1%). No fim da pesquisa, aos 495 dias, o cérebro apresentava grandes cistos ao exame a fresco e coração e músculo mostravam-se positivos através da inoculação. Conclusões: 1º) nos camundongos o toxoplasma persistiu por 495 dias no cérebro, coração e músculo estriado; 2º) o exame a fresco do pulmão pode substituir ou confirmar o do exsudato peritoneal; 3º) a inoculação de órgãos é necessária pois pode revelar novos casos positivos; 4º) a atividade dos cistos foi demonstrada pelo aumento gradual do seu tamanho e pela recuperação do toxoplasma no cérebro, coração e músculo, após o longo tempo de infecção.

Avaliação da atividade terapêutica do itraconazol nas infecções crônicas, experimental e humana, pelo Trypanosoma cruzi

Alguns pesquisadores demonstraram que o intraconzol, "in vitro" e na infecção aguda de animais, possui atividade antiparasitária referente ao Trypanosoma cruzi. Diante dessas observações, decidimos empreender estudo sobre e etapa crônica da parasitose devida a esse protozoário, considerando que ela é mais proeminente sob o ponto de vista médico-assistencial. A propósito, efetuamos apreciações baseadas em modelo composto por camundongos infectados e, também, relacionadas com indivíduos acometidos de doença de Chagas. Usamos 100 mg/kg/dia, por meio de sonda gástrica, durante três meses, e 100 ou 200 mg/dia, pela via oral, respectivamente, no decurso de igual período, sem evidenciarmos efeitos benéficos, pelo menos conforme a metodologia adotada

Experimental life cycle of Lagochilascaris minor Leiper, 1909

The life cycle of Lagochilascaris minor was studied using material collected from human lesion and applying the experimental model: rodents (mice, hamsters), and carnivorae (cats, dogs). In mice given infective eggs, orally, hatch of the third stage larvae was noted in the gut wall, with migration to liver, lungs, skeletal musculature and subcutaneous tissue becoming, soon after, encysted. In cats infected with skinned carcasses of mice (60 to 235 days of infection) it was observed: hatch of third stage larvae from the nodules (cysts) in the stomach, migration through the oesophagus, pharynx, trachea, related tissues (rhino-oropharynx), and cervical lymphonodes developing to the mature stage in any of these sites on days 9-20 post inoculation (P.I.). There was no parasite development up to the mature stage in cats inoculated orally with infective eggs, which indicates that the life cycle of this parasite includes an obligatory intermediate host. In one of the cats (fed carcass of infected mice) necropsied on day 43 P.I., it was observed the occurence of the self-infective cycle of L. minor in the lung tissues and in the cervical region which was characterized by the finding of eggs in different stages of development, third stage larvae and mature worms. It's believed that some component of the carnivorae gastrointestinal tracts may preclude the development of third stage larvae from L. minor eggs what explains the interruption of the life cycle in animals fed infective eggs. It's also pointed out the role of the intermediate host in the first stages of the life cycle of this helminth.

Natural and experimental infection of planorbids from the Island of Santa Catarina (Brazil)

Studies on eight localities on the Island of Santa Catarina revealed the presence of three species of the molluscan family Planorbidae: Biomphalaria tenagophila, Drepanotrema cimex and Biomphalaria oligoza, the first one being naturally infected by Cercaria ocellifera, a furcocercaria with morphological characteristics of Cercaria caratinguensis, and by an unknown furcocercaria. Drepanotrema cimex was infected by a furcocercaria with characteristics of C. caratinguensis and by C. macrogranulosa. No natural infection was found in B. oligoza. B. tenagophila showed no susceptibility to the experimental infection by the BH-MG strain of Schistosoma mansoni from Belo Horizonte and maintained at laboratory in B. glabrata snails.

Experimental coccidioidomycosis in the immunosuppressed rat

C. immitis inoculated rats are known to develop infection restricted to lung whereas cyclophosphamide (CY) treatment leads to widespread dissemination with considerable mortality. In this study, an attempt was made to elucidate the mechanisms involved in such behaviour. With this aim, spleen cells were transferred from infected CY-treated to infected untreated rats, achieving significant specific inhibition in footpad swelling to coccidioidin in recipients, attributable to a suppressor T cell subpopulation induced by greater fungal antigen concentration arising from widespread C. immitis dissemination in immunosuppressed animals. NK activity proved similar regardless of CY treatment. Lastly, chronically infected rats presented increased colony forming units count after several weekly doses of CY, as happens in immunosuppressed patients harbouring a previous infection.

O sonho: teatro-música experimental

Trabalho de Projeto submetido à Escola Superior de Teatro e Cinema para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em TEATRO - especialização em Artes Performativas (Teatro-Música).

Efeitos do fogo controlado no solo na sequência de uma queima experimental: resultados preliminaries

Os impactes dos incêndios florestais são múltiplos (económicos, humanos, paisagísticos, sociais e ambientais - nas árvores; na vegetação arbustiva, subarbustiva e herbácea; no solo, nos organismos do solo; nas aves e mamíferos; no ar; na água; ... - ) e complexos (diretos, indiretos, cumulativos, imediatos, subsequentes, ...), dependendo, segundo Macedo e Sardinha (1993), de fatores tão variados como a grandeza, a intensidade, a época, a duração e a frequência dos incêndios, as dimensões e composição dos povoamentos; volume, concentração, distribuição e características do combustível; natureza e características do solo, ..., sendo que um dos impactes mais significativos, no nosso país, se verifica nos solos (propriedades físicas e químicas, consequências hidrológicas e erosivas, hidrofobicidade, ...). Com esta comunicação pretende-se apresentar e discutir a queima experimental realizada em maio de 2014 em Santo Tirso, num eucaliptal, com o objetivo de reduzir o combustível, a qual resultou de uma cooperação entre a Universidade do Minho e a Camara Municipal de Santo Tirso e que visa estudar dos efeitos deste tipo de fogo no solo, bem como apresentar e discutir os primeiros resultados da referida queima.

Transmission of Schistosoma mansoni under experimental conditions using the bovine - Biomphalaria glabrata - bovine model

Three calves experimentally infected with Schistosoma mansoni, and passing viable eggs in feces, as well as 5 normal calves (coming from a non-endemic area for schistosomiasis) kept as controls, were maintained in an enclosure (850 m² in area). In this enclosure, a tank with water received 500 laboratory reared Biomphalaria glabrata. All the control calves were infected for a period ranging from 79 to 202 days after the beginning of the experiment, and afterwards presented viable S. mansoni eggs in feces. The mean worm recovery was 555. The snail population increased throughout the experimental period, showing a high number of B. glabrata infected with S. mansoni (42% on average). According to the present study, bovine has been suggested as having potentially a role in the maintenance of the life cycle of S. mansoni

Software languages engineering: experimental evaluation

Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Informática

Microencapsulation of herbicide MCPA with native beta-cyclodextrin and its methyl and hydroxypropyl derivatives: An experimental and theoretical investigation

When a pesticide is released into the environment, most of it is lost before it reaches its target. An effective way to reduce environmental losses of pesticides is by using controlled release technology. Microencapsulation becomes a promising technique for the production of controlled release agricultural formulations. In this work, the microencapsulation of chlorophenoxy herbicide MCPA with native b-cyclodextrin and its methyl and hydroxypropyl derivatives was investigated. The phase solubility study showed that both native and b-CD derivatives increased the water solubility of the herbicide and inclusion complexes are formed in a stoichiometric ratio of 1:1. The stability constants describing the extent of formation of the complexes have been determined by phase solubility studies. 1H NMR experiments were also accomplished for the prepared solid systems and the data gathered confirm the formation of the inclusion complexes. 1H NMR data obtained for the MCPA/CDs complexes disclosed noticeable proton shift displacements for OCH2 group and H6 aromatic proton of MCPA provided clear evidence of inclusion complexation process, suggesting that the phenyl moiety of the herbicide was included in the hydrophobic cavity of CDs. Free energy molecular mechanics calculations confirm all these findings. The gathered results can be regarded as an essential step to the development of controlled release agricultural formulations containing herbicide MCPA.

Eliminação de Toxoplasma gondii pela urina de camundongos durante a fase aguda da infecção experimental

Camundongos albinos heterogenéticos da linhagem Swiss, foram experimentalmente infectados, via subcutânea, com taquizoítos de uma cepa de Toxoplasma gondii de baixa virulência. Todos morreram durante a fase aguda da infecção, entre 7 e 9 dias após a infecção (DAI). Demonstrou-se, utilizando a bioprova, que 80% dos animais eliminou T. gondii pela urina. Nos rins, observou-se, entre outras alterações, hemorragia intersticial intertubular e presença de hemácias íntegras nos espaços subcapsulares de Bowmann de alguns glomérulos. Discutiu-se sobre os possíveis mecanismos de eliminação de T. gondii na urina dos animais infectados. Analisou-se alguns aspectos relacionados com a eliminação de formas infectantes de T. gondii na urina destes animais e a transmissão da toxoplasmose na natureza

Strap repairs using embedded patches: numerical analysis and experimental results

Adhesively bonded repairs offer an attractive option for repair of aluminium structures, compared to more traditional methods such as fastening or welding. The single-strap (SS) and double-strap (DS) repairs are very straightforward to execute but stresses in the adhesive layer peak at the overlap ends. The DS repair requires both sides of the damaged structures to be reachable for repair, which is often not possible. In strap repairs, with the patches bonded at the outer surfaces, some limitations emerge such as the weight, aerodynamics and aesthetics. To minimize these effects, SS and DS repairs with embedded patches were evaluated in this work, such that the patches are flush with the adherends. For this purpose, in this work standard SS and DS repairs, and also with the patches embedded in the adherends, were tested under tension to allow the optimization of some repair variables such as the overlap length (LO) and type of adhesive, thus allowing the maximization of the repair strength. The effect of embedding the patch/patches on the fracture modes and failure loads was compared with finite elements (FE) analysis. The FE analysis was performed in ABAQUS® and cohesive zone modelling was used for the simulation of damage onset and growth in the adhesive layer. The comparison with the test data revealed an accurate prediction for all kinds of joints and provided some principles regarding this technique.

Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Balanced and Unbalanced Adhesive Single-Lap Joints between Aluminium Adherends

The single-lap joint is the most commonly used, although it endures significant bending due to the non-collinear load path, which negatively affects its load bearing capabilities. The use of material or geometric changes is widely documented in the literature to reduce this handicap, acting by reduction of peel and shear peak stresses or alterations of the failure mechanism emerging from local modifications. In this work, the effect of using different thickness adherends on the tensile strength of single-lap joints, bonded with a ductile and brittle adhesive, was numerically and experimentally evaluated. The joints were tested under tension for different combinations of adherend thickness. The effect of the adherends thickness mismatch on the stress distributions was also investigated by Finite Elements (FE), which explained the experimental results and the strength prediction of the joints. The numerical study was made by FE and Cohesive Zone Modelling (CZM), which allowed characterizing the entire fracture process. For this purpose, a FE analysis was performed in ABAQUS® considering geometric non-linearities. In the end, a detailed comparative evaluation of unbalanced joints, commonly used in engineering applications, is presented to give an understanding on how modifications in the bonded structures thickness can influence the joint performance.

Análise experimental de um murete de alvenaria de pedra tradicional reforçado com confinamento transversal contínuo por fitas metálicas

Dissertação apresentada para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil, Perfil de Construção, pela Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologias da Universidade Nova de Lisboa