The Genome Sequence of Taurine Cattle: A Window to Ruminant Biology and Evolution

To understand the biology and evolution of ruminants, the cattle genome was sequenced to about sevenfold coverage. The cattle genome contains a minimum of 22,000 genes, with a core set of 14,345 orthologs shared among seven mammalian species of which 1217 are absent or undetected in noneutherian (marsupial or monotreme) genomes. Cattle-specific evolutionary breakpoint regions in chromosomes have a higher density of segmental duplications, enrichment of repetitive elements, and species-specific variations in genes associated with lactation and immune responsiveness. Genes involved in metabolism are generally highly conserved, although five metabolic genes are deleted or extensively diverged from their human orthologs. The cattle genome sequence thus provides a resource for understanding mammalian evolution and accelerating livestock genetic improvement for milk and meat production.

The epileptology of Theodore Herpin (1799-1865)

The Frenchman, Theodore Herpin (1799-1865), in Des Acces Incomplets d'Epilepsie, published posthumously in 1867, provided a very detailed account of a wide range of the possible manifestations of nonconvulsive epileptic seizures. However, he did not note the presence of absence seizures in any of his 300 patients who had experienced, at least in some of their attacks, what he considered were incomplete manifestations of epilepsy, the word epilepsy being taken to refer to full generalized tonic-clonic seizures. In the one patient, Herpin recognized that all epileptic seizures, whether complete or incomplete, began in the same way, and deduced that they must originate in the same place in that patient's brain. He did not develop the latter idea further. His observations, and his interpretation of them, seem to have preceded John Hughlings Jackson's independent development of similar concepts, but Jackson's more extensive intellectual exploration of the implications of his observations made him a more important figure than Herpin in the history of epileptology.

SAM (dependent) I AM: the S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase fold

The S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase enzymes share little sequence identity, but incorporate a highly conserved structural fold. Surprisingly, residues that bind the common cofactor are poorly conserved, although the binding site is localised to the same region of the fold. The substrate-binding region of the fold varies enormously. Over the past two years, there has been a significant increase in the number of structures that are known to incorporate this fold, including several uncharacterised proteins and two proteins that lack methyltransferase activity.

Progressos recentes no financiamento da Previd??ncia Social na Am??rica Latina

Texto que compreende uma vis??o geral da hist??ria e das caracter??sticas dos sistemas de previd??ncia social da Am??rica Latina, e estudos de caso de cinco pa??ses (Chile, Peru, Col??mbia, Costa Rica e Brasil), relatando as suas respectivas experi??ncias e situa????o atual das reformas previdenci??rias

Texto para discuss??o 13: as escolas e institutos de administra????o p??blica na Am??rica Latina diante da crise do Estado. Situa????o atual e perspectivas de transforma????o

Este trabalho pretende analisar a limitada influ??ncia que as escolas e institutos de administra????o p??blica tiveram na capacita????o das lideran??as pol??ticas de seus respectivos pa??ses e, como conseq????ncia, a restrita contribui????o dessas institui????es para uma mentalidade de inova????o e mudan??a na condu????o dos destinos do Estado e da sociedade; e as dificuldades de gest??o de tais institutos e escolas

Texto para discuss??o 24: reconstruindo um novo Estado na Am??rica Latina

Depois da grande crise dos anos 80 o momento ?? de reconstru????o do Estado na Am??rica Latina. Na verdade, em todo o mundo, porque em maior ou menor grau a crise foi universal. E para isto ?? preciso pensar qual ser?? a natureza do capitalismo e do Estado, da sociedade civil e da sociedade pol??tica, no s??culo 21 que se avizinha. No s??culo 19 tivemos um capitalismo competitivo e um Estado liberal, no s??culo 20, um capitalismo monopolista e, em diversas medidas, um Estado social- burocr??tico

Texto para discuss??o 25: desafios e oportunidades no setor de compras governamentais na Am??rica Latina e Caribe: o caso brasileiro

Este texto tem como objetivo apresentar um panorama geral do setor de compras governamentais na Am??rica Latina, passando posteriormente a uma an??lise do caso brasileiro. Inicialmente s??o abordados alguns aspectos da evolu????o do Estado, demonstrando que as grandes altera????es no perfil do setor p??blico n??o significam obrigatoriamente uma redu????o do tamanho do Estado na Am??rica Latina, mas sim uma profunda transforma????o na organiza????o da sua a????o. No continente latino-americano, o setor de compras tem sido objeto de debates e acordos que visam uma converg??ncia das regras dos pa??ses que integrar??o a ALCA ??? ??rea de Livre Com??rcio das Am??ricas. Este texto tamb??m aborda as principais tend??ncias, desafios e oportunidades neste processo.Na apresenta????o do caso brasileiro s??o analisadas as pol??ticas, o modelo de gest??o e a tecnologia aplicada no setor de compras do governo central, finalizando com uma aprecia????o da nova proposta de lei para o setor.