Uso de hipermídia adaptativa no desenvolvimento de cursos virtuais de computação gráfica

O Ensino à distância (EaD) procura utilizar propostas pedagógicas para desenvolver sistemas inclusivos de ensino e aprendizagem. Estas propostas tem colaborado no sucesso que a EaD tem alcançado no meio empresarial corporativo. Neste meio, a demanda por cursos de formação técnica tem sido tão alta, que as empresas envolvidas no design instrucional de EaD criaram a noção de cursos à distância expressos, ou seja, cursos cuja a concepção e elaboração devem atender as tradicionais necessidades de rapidez do mercado de trabalho. Esta dissertação procura soluções para um tipo de ensino à distância ainda pouco explorado. O cenário que procuramos equacionar é o do ensino de ferramentas (softwares) para desenho vetorial, onde a metodologia de ensino é parte do processo de ensino corporativo. No processo atual de ensino de ferramentas de computação gráfica, o aluno submete ao professor, normalmente pela internet, o seu trabalho para que uma avaliação seja feita. Nesta dissertação sugerimos que este processo seja modificado de duas formas. Primeiro, no design instrucional para esta situação, trabalhamos constantemente a questão de avaliação não só na sua forma tradicional (atribuição de graus e valores) mas também como aperfeiçoamento do processo de ensino. A hipermídia adaptativa entra nesta proposta como facilitador da relação alunoprofessor-conhecimento, permitindo individualização de um ensino voltado para as massas. Em segundo lugar, propomos que a avaliação das tarefas sejam automatizada. O aluno oferece as partes (objetos) da solução que são avaliadas individualmente através de algoritmos computacionais. Isto permite uma menor participação do professor, o que é compatível com a proposta de cursos expressos. Para que isto seja possível a tarefa proposta pelo professor é dividida em objetos componentes, sendo o aluno estimulado a criar cada objeto segundo o modelo padrão oferecido. A comparaçào de cada objeto criado pelo aluno com o padrão a ser alcançado pode ser feita por diversos algoritmos computacionais existentes ou criados especificamente pelo autor do curso. Neste trabalho apresentamos exemplos desta abordagem e um protótipo que demonstra a viabilidade da proposta.

The patents in the introduction of reinforced concrete in Spain: "Alhondiga de Bilbao" case study

Reinforced concrete structures are introduced in Spain mainly by French influence. This happens in the late nineteenth century, following the scheme operating through proprietary systems prevailing in Europe. Systems initially have poor scientific support reaching, even early twentieth century, an impediment to the development of concrete structures, due to the lack of knowledge shown, as well as due to a series of accidents. Therefore, from the end of the first decade of the past century are enacted a series of regulations in many countries, that will change the design and calculation of reinforced concrete structure. The knowledge of the environment of the patent systems, its beginnings and the circumstances of their application allow us to understand the constraints of the early concrete structures, as presented in the Bilbao wine store (1906).

Lições do desejo: o fetiche pelas colegiais em um estudo sobre a pornificação do imaginário sexual masculino

Vestidas de azul e branco, de saia plissada xadrez, de minissaia jeans, meias , sapato boneca ou tênis, as colegiais transitam no imaginário social (nacional) com, no mínimo, cinco décadas de existência como clichê sexual, estereótipo revisitado e diluído na bacia semântica da imaginação erótica de nossa contemporaneidade. Neste trabalho, as colegiais podem ser ninfetas, adolescentes, estudantes do ensino secundário ou universitárias, alunas de internatos, normalistas dos intitutos de educação e até prostitutas disfarçadas. A nossa proposta será analisar a representação ficcional da colegial principalmente em textos e imagens das Histórias em Quadrinhos adultas nacionais, focando seu registro em uma dimensão pornográfica. A análise das fontes documentais que utilizaremos Quadrinhos adultos de diversos autores dos anos de 1950 e 60, e que reapareceram nos anos 1980 e 1990 será tecida aqui de forma a apontar ilhas de edição da imaginação sexual masculina brasileira; através de uma análise psicológica, histórica e cultural do imaginário social que as configurou e que paralelamente foi configurado por elas. Esta análise abrangerá tanto os conteúdos das histórias em quadrinhos adultas, a mensagem visual contida neles, quanto os discursos exteriores com os quais as mensagens desses quadrinho se articulam. Ainda nos dias de hoje, altamente erotizadas nas diversas esferas sociais: quer na vida real, quer na ficcional, seja na tevê, na música ou no cinema, nas revistas, em filmes pornôs ou não, as colegiais figuram como arquétipo da jovem inocente e sedutora que tem algo a aprender ou a ensinar - com o desejo masculino... A compreensão deste processo é o mote para o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa.

O espaço agrário, a educação do campo e a formação técnica e política em agroecologia no MST

Este trabalho está inserido no cenário do projeto popular de Educação do Campo. A questão central da investigação são as principais formas e maneiras da formação de técnico em agroecologia propiciar ao trabalhador rural e sua família a construírem alternativas que favoreçam a sua permanência na terra. Trata-se de um estudo realizado sobre as propostas de educação técnico-profissional em agroecologia no contexto do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST). Pretendemos analisar as propostas e as ações educacionais na perspectiva dessa formação e discorrer sobre a concepção de trabalho, sempre em construção, no Projeto Político da Escola Agrícola 25 de Maio, localizada no assentamento Vitória da Conquista, situado no município de Fraiburgo - SC.

Análise do potencial de desmineralização de diferentes tipos de clareadores de uso clínico para dentes vitalizados, por meio da técnica de fluorescência de raios X

O clareamento dentário tem se tornado um dos procedimentos mais comuns na odontologia, mas esse dado causa preocupações, pois essa técnica apresenta efeitos adversos, como: sensibilidade dentária, alterações das propriedades mecânicas dos tecidos dentários, aumento da rugosidade do esmalte e alteração do conteúdo de cálcio e fósforo do dente, porém todos esses fatores ainda não são totalmente fundamentados da literatura odontológica, principalmente a relação da técnica com a desmineralização dentária. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o potencial de desmineralização de alguns géis clareadores de uso clínico para dentes vitais, após cinco aplicações em esmalte dental humano, usando a técnica de Fluorescência de Raios X. Foram obtidos 20 dentes anteriores humanos, tendo as suas raízes seccionadas e incluídos em resina epóxi, com auxílio de uma matriz especial. Para análise, os dentes foram divididos em quatro grupos (5 dentes por grupo). Grupo 1: clareamento pelo HP Maxx, peróxido de hidrogênio 35% manipulado e dosado manualmente; grupo 2: clareamento com HP Blue, peróxido de hidrogênio 35% com cálcio, pré-dosado e manipulado com seringa de automistura; grupo 3: clareamento com Ultraboost, peróxido de hidrogênio 38%, pré-dosado e manipulado com seringa de automistura e grupo 4: clareamento com Total Blanc 35, peróxido de hidrogênio 35%, pré-dosado e manipulado com seringa de automistura. Cada dente foi avaliado em 6 sítios antes do clareamento e ao final de cada sessão. Entre as sessões os elementos eram mantidos em água ultrapura. Os géis clareadores também tiveram seu pH analisado a cada 5 minutos durante 60 minutos. Estatisticamente, nenhum dos agentes clareadores alterou significantemente o conteúdo mineral do esmalte dental humano e também não houve diferenças estatísticas entre os grupos. Concluiu-se que, mesmo com as limitações do estudo, os clareadores testados não são capazes de desmineralizar o esmalte dental humano e não diferem estatisticamente entre si.

Fatty acid composition of three species of Hypnea (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) from Karachi coast

Hypnea musciformis (Wulf.) Lamour., H. pannosa J. Ag. and H. valentiae (Turn.) Mont., collected from the northern Arabian Sea coast of Pakistan, have been investigated for their fatty acid compositions through GC-MS. Palmitic acid was present in largest quantity (55-57%) and oleic was the major (7.6-8.4%) unsaturated fatty acid. Pentacosanoic and hexacosenoic acids are being reported for the first time from any species of Hypnea. The three species differed remarkably due to their habitat ecology.

氮杂环化合物的绿色合成研究

氮杂环化合物大多数都是具有生理活性的物质，例如喹喔啉化合物与苯二氮卓类化合物，因此研究氮杂环化合物骨架的构建方法具有一定意义。绿色化学的迅速发展迫切要求化学家发展清洁、经济和环境较友好条件下的有机合成方法。其中，水相反应与绿色固体酸催化剂的使用都是实现绿色有机合成的重要途径，它们非常具有潜力，近些年受到了广泛关注。本论文的主要工作是围绕水相及固体酸催化条件下两类具有生物活性的含氮杂环小分子的合成方法而开展的，具体包括以下内容： 1. 研究和探索出了两类绿色固体酸催化剂蒙脱土（Mont. K-10）和杂多酸(H4SiW12O40), 在水相条件下成功合成出喹喔啉化合物的有效方法。两个催化体系都以无毒无公害的水作反应溶剂，实验条件温和，操作安全简便，反应速度快，底物普适性强，产率高，且产物易分离收集。两类固体酸催化剂，对设备腐蚀性小，可回收循环使用，对环境无公害; 蒙脱土催化大部分底物能得到当量产率的产物，硅钨酸催化催化剂负载量小。 2. 实现了无溶剂条件下，以杂多酸（H3PW12O40）作催化剂，高效合成1,5-苯二氮卓衍生物的合成方法。该催化体系具有以下一些优势：实验条件温和，反应速度较快，底物普适性良好，产物易分离收集，反应过程中没有加入其它有机溶剂，绿色环保。 ‘Green Chemistry’ is currently a major issue of modern chemistry. It is widely acknowledged that there is a growing need for more environmentally acceptable processes in the chemical industry. New green catalysts and green reaction media are the important and efficient strategies in green chemistry. New green catalysts include solid acid catalysts, solid base catalysts, metal catalysts not only possess higher activity and selectivity, but also are easily separated from reaction system. Green reaction media include water, supercritical fluids and ionic liquids can not only substitute traditional toxic and harmed organic solvents, but also improve reaction activity and selectivity. Meanwhile water is a promising green reaction medium for use in modern chemistry because it has a number of advantages such as the cheapest solvent available on earth, being non-hazardous and non-toxic to the environment. Solid acids had also attracted much attention for realizing green chemistry due to their unique acidity, high activity and efficiency as organic catalysts. Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds of different ring sizes such as quinoxaline and benzodiazepine are the important pharmacologically active compounds. Due to the wide biological significance of these compounds, the synthesis of these types of compounds have received a great deal of attention. Despite the large availability of methods to construct nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, there is still a strong need to further explore green methods to efficiently and safely synthesize these compounds. Thus, we aim at developing efficient and green methodology for the synthesis of quinoxaline and benzodiazepine carried out under water condition with solid acid catalysts. The contents of this dissertation are listed as the following: 1. We have developed two catalytic systems for the synthesis quinoxaline via the condensation of an aryl 1,2-diamine with a 1,2-diketone compound in the presence of Mont. K-10 or H4SiW12O40 as a catalyst in water solvent. Both of these two methods can be applied to wide range of substrates, tolerating aryl 1,2-diamine/1,2-diketone with the electron donating/drawing substituent. Operational simplicity, the ambient conditions, use of an economically convenient catalyst, use of water as a desirable solvent, high yields and short reaction times are the key features of these two protocols. 2. We developed a convenient and efficient protocol for the synthesis of a variety of 1,5-benzodiazepines in high yields via condensation of aryl o-phenylenediamine derivatives with a variety of ketones using H3PW12O40 as a green recyclable and heterogeneous catalyst under solvent-free condition. The simple experiment procedure combined with ease of recovery and reuse of this catalyst make this procedure quite simple, more convenient and environmentally benign.

深水机器人低成本导航系统的位置估计方法研究

依据6000米自治水下机器人及其长基线声学定位系统现有的导航设备,将测距声信标和机器人载体携带的低成本导航传感器:涡轮式计程仪,压力传感器以及TCM2电子罗盘测量的导航数据相融合,分别提出两种基于EKF的导航数据融合算法,对机器人的位置以及水流参数进行估计,解决复杂环境下的深水机器人位置估计问题.蒙特卡洛仿真实验和湖上试验数据后处理表明,设计的位置估计算法收敛快,精度高,计算时间小,能够满足深水机器人的导航需要.

The Net and the Self: Colliding Views of Individuality and Nationhood in the Pre-Devolutionary plays of Mark Jenkins and Ed Thomas

Owen, Roger, 'The Net and the Self: Colliding Views of Individuality and Nationhood in the Pre-Devolutionary plays of Mark Jenkins and Ed Thomas', In: 'Cool Britannia: British Political Drama in the 1990s', Rebecca D'Mont? and Graham Saunders (eds), (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan), pp.158-175, 2007 RAE2008

Nouvelles approches de la ville dans la littérature française contemporaine : Thomas Clerc et Philippe Vasset

On the basis of two indecidable texts (Thomas Clerc, “Paris, musée du XXIe siècle. Le dixième arrondissement”, Gallimard 2007 and Philippe Vasset, “Un livre blanc”, Fayard 2007), we will reflect on new approaches to the city in contemporary French litterature. Clerc and Vasset, in their respective texts, suggest considering litterature as a series of practices connected with the exploration of the city (Clerc) and of the urban area (Vasset) according to the idea of an arbitrary itinerary. The image of the city whose space, subject to a permanent process of museifi cation, is constantly considered to be a work of art (Clerc) contrasts with a project of viewing the deserted areas of the city and of its surroundings as an infinite collection of “artistic installations” created in daily life (Vasset). Clerc’s and Vasset’s artistic mentality leads them to the fascination with “works of involuntary art”, both concrete signs and tangible proof of the transitional period which they try to describe systematically, following, at the same time, the principles of an axonometric city map.

Anthony Ravalli, S.J., forty years a missionary in the Rocky Mountains, memoir / by L.B. Palladino.

http://www.archive.org/details/anthonyravallisj00pallrich

Improving the use of asset-building financial services by Latino immigrants in Langley Park, Maryland

Gemstone Team ANSWER Poverty (Assessing the Need for Services Which Effectively Reduce Poverty)

Imaging of musculoskeletal bacterial infections by [124I]FIAU-PET/CT.

BACKGROUND: Traditional imaging techniques for the localization and monitoring of bacterial infections, although reasonably sensitive, suffer from a lack of specificity. This is particularly true for musculoskeletal infections. Bacteria possess a thymidine kinase (TK) whose substrate specificity is distinct from that of the major human TK. The substrate specificity difference has been exploited to develop a new imaging technique that can detect the presence of viable bacteria. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Eight subjects with suspected musculoskeletal infections and one healthy control were studied by a combination of [(124)I]FIAU-positron emission tomography and CT ([(124)I]FIAU-PET/CT). All patients with proven musculoskeletal infections demonstrated positive [(124)I]FIAU-PET/CT signals in the sites of concern at two hours after radiopharmaceutical administration. No adverse reactions with FIAU were observed. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: [(124)I]FIAU-PET/CT is a promising new method for imaging bacterial infections.

Mid-term results and factors affecting outcome of a metal-backed unicompartmental knee design: a case series.

BACKGROUND: Controversies exist regarding the indications for unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. The objective of this study is to report the mid-term results and examine predictors of failure in a metal-backed unicompartmental knee arthroplasty design. METHODS: At a mean follow-up of 60 months, 80 medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasties (68 patients) were evaluated. Implant survivorship was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier method. The Knee Society objective and functional scores and radiographic characteristics were compared before surgery and at final follow-up. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to examine the association of patient's age, gender, obesity (body mass index > 30 kg/m2), diagnosis, Knee Society scores and patella arthrosis with failure. RESULTS: There were 9 failures during the follow up. The mean Knee Society objective and functional scores were respectively 49 and 48 points preoperatively and 95 and 92 points postoperatively. The survival rate was 92% at 5 years and 84% at 10 years. The mean age was younger in the failure group than the non-failure group (p < 0.01). However, none of the factors assessed was independently associated with failure based on the results from the Cox proportional hazard model. CONCLUSION: Gender, pre-operative diagnosis, preoperative objective and functional scores and patellar osteophytes were not independent predictors of failure of unicompartmental knee implants, although high body mass index trended toward significance. The findings suggest that the standard criteria for UKA may be expanded without compromising the outcomes, although caution may be warranted in patients with very high body mass index pending additional data to confirm our results. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.

Botulinum toxin type A injections for the management of muscle tightness following total hip arthroplasty: a case series.

BACKGROUND: Development of hip adductor, tensor fascia lata, and rectus femoris muscle contractures following total hip arthroplasties are quite common, with some patients failing to improve despite treatment with a variety of non-operative modalities. The purpose of the present study was to describe the use of and patient outcomes of botulinum toxin injections as an adjunctive treatment for muscle tightness following total hip arthroplasty. METHODS: Ten patients (14 hips) who had hip adductor, abductor, and/or flexor muscle contractures following total arthroplasty and had been refractory to physical therapeutic efforts were treated with injection of botulinum toxin A. Eight limbs received injections into the adductor muscle, 8 limbs received injections into the tensor fascia lata muscle, and 2 limbs received injection into the rectus femoris muscle, followed by intensive physical therapy for 6 weeks. RESULTS: At a mean final follow-up of 20 months, all 14 hips had increased range in the affected arc of motion, with a mean improvement of 23 degrees (range, 10 to 45 degrees). Additionally all hips had an improvement in hip scores, with a significant increase in mean score from 74 points (range, 57 to 91 points) prior to injection to a mean of 96 points (range, 93 to 98) at final follow-up. There were no serious treatment-related adverse events. CONCLUSION: Botulinum toxin A injections combined with intensive physical therapy may be considered as a potential treatment modality, especially in difficult cases of muscle tightness that are refractory to standard therapy.