1000 resultados para Assembléia Constituinte, legislação, Brasil, 1946
Resumo:
A presente dissertao analisa como o Partido Social Cristo (PSC), ao longo do tempo, se apropriou da identidade religiosa de seus atores polticos que na sua maioria so membros da Frente Parlamentar Evanglica, os quais defendem no espao pblico a famlia tradicional, em detrimento da pluralidade de arranjos familiares na contemporaneidade. Para explicitar o objeto - famlia tradicional e PSC -, foi necessrio retroceder no tempo e investigar na historiografia os primrdios da insero dos evanglicos na poltica brasileira. Em vista disso, analisamos a participao dos evanglicos nos respectivos perodos do Brasil: Colnia, Imprio e Repblica. A dificuldade da entrada de evanglicos na poltica partidria, dentre outros fatores, se deve influncia do catolicismo no Estado. Assim sendo, averiguamos em todas as Constituies (1824, 1891, 1934, 1937, 1946, 1967, 1969 e 1988) o que a mesma diz no que tange a proibio e a liberdade religiosa no pas. Logo, verificamos entre as Eras Vargas e Repblica Populista, que ocorreu com intensidade a transio do apoliticismo para o politicismo entre os evanglicos brasileiros, porm, eles no recebiam o apoio formal de suas igrejas. Em seguida, a participao dos evanglicos na arena poltica durante a ditadura militar foi investigada com destaque para o posicionamento de vanguarda da IECLB, atravs do Manifesto de Curitiba e, tambm com a presena de parlamentares evanglicos no Congresso Nacional. A politizao pentecostal ressaltada em nosso trabalho, atravs do pioneirismo de Manoel de Mello e, depois na Redemocratizao quando as instituies evanglicas se organizaram para eleger seus candidatos Assembleia Nacional Constituinte. E, com o fim do regime militar, o PSC surge como partido nanico, contudo, deixa o anonimato e ganha visibilidade miditica quando o pastor e deputado, Marco Feliciano, assume a presidncia da Comisso de Direitos Humanos e Minorias, em 2013. Esse o pano de fundo histrico que projetou o PSC e seus atores no pleito de 2014 com o mote famlia tradicional.
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A presente dissertao tem por objetivo analisar os aspectos religiosos islmicos e as implicaes das relaes de gnero no islam sobre a assistncia de sade s mulheres muulmanas, e atravs disto, discutir a importncia do conhecimento prvio do islamismo pelos profissionais de sade para propor uma assistncia de sade congruente a estas mulheres, tendo por referncia a Poltica Nacional de Ateno Integral Sade da Mulher. Esta pesquisa tem abordagem qualitativa, com o desenvolvimento de pesquisa de campo e aplicao de um roteiro de perguntas semi-estruturado, com questes relacionadas ao islamismo e sade das mulheres. Ao todo, foram entrevistadas dez pessoas, sendo estas: quatro mulheres revertidas ao islam, trs mulheres de famlia muulmana, dois sheiks e uma assistente social. As entrevistas foram realizadas no Centro de Divulgao do Islam para a Amrica Latina e o Caribe (CDIAL) e na Assembléia Mundial da Juventude Islmica na Amrica Latina (WAMY).
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The normative construction of the public security system in the Constituent Assembly of 1987-1988 preserved paradoxical normative space, the military police linked to the Army with a restrictive legal statute of the police offices citizenship through a hierarchical and disciplinary model that is anachronistic. This research originates from the following problem: How is it possible to tailor the constitutional system of public safety, specifically the Military Police, according to the democratic paradigms constructed by the Constituent from 1988 and carry the right to public safety under these molds? The militarists limitations of the Constitution allowed the growing militarization of police departments, organizational culture and authoritarian institutional practices. Underlying this, the problems related to difficulties in realization of Right to Public Safety, the strikes of the military police, the incomplete policy cycle started demanding from the constitutional-legal system appropriate responses. Utilizing the dialogical method and an interdisciplinary approach to the subject, and theoretically grounded in overcoming of the constitutional normativist juspositivism.It was found that the constructed infraconstitutional legislation was insufficient to supply the systemic shortcomings of constitutional law, when looking to create a single system of public security without giving due scope to the federal principle and expand the autonomy the Federated States, and even grant democratic legal status to the military police. Formal legal limits imposed by the Constitution constructed a legal anachronism, the military police. Thus, a democratic reading of military police institutions becomes inconceivable its existence in the constitutional regulatory environment. Thus, reform the Constitution in order to demilitarize the police and conduct a normative redesign of the public security system is fundamental to Brazilian constitutional democracy
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The contamination of aquatic environments is a phenomenon that dates back the origins of human civilizations and was amplified by the advent of industrial processes. The Jundia river , Macaba's main water source, suffering discharge of effluents from various industries. The study works in two fronts, the environmental perception front was conducted through semistructured interviews whose textile effluent was appointed by the population as the main problem in the river. It was observed that nearly all respondents had concerns about the environment. In addition, there is an inclusion of individuals as the cause of the problem, because a significant part recognizes that its activities may cause damage to the environment and people's health. In other front, the experimental monitoring of water quality was conducted through ecotoxicological tests and physiochemical analysis that proposed to assess Pomacea lineata .Mysidopsis juniae isolated effect of textile effluent and its influence on the river compared with the limits established by Brazilian law. Although the physio-chemical analysis shows is inconclusive about the participation of the textile effluent in environmental contamination of the river, the ecotoxicological tests have shown to blunt the signal that the effluent may present a risk to aquatic organisms and consequently to human health. Thus, an interdisciplinary way it was possible to study the cause of the environmental problem identified by the population in the realization phase and measurable effect on water quality analysis in the river by means of the tests mentioned.
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Historically, man has empirically acquired knowledge about the therapeutic applications of extracted elements of the natural environment in which belonged. Such knowledge over time culminated in the formation of traditional health systems. Among its features, the use of bioactive plant species - medicinal plants - stands out for its efficiency and high popular acceptance. Despite its importance for public health, the population still has in the open-air fairs the main source for the acquisition of the species used. In these spaces, the trade generally occurs informally, under unfavorable conditions to the quality of the products and to the financial sustainability of the business. In this context, this study aimed to characterize the socioeconomic, cultural and sanitary aspects related to the trade of medicinal plants in municipalities of a semiarid region of Rio Grande do Norte, and additionally, proposing a specific legislation to the activity. Socioeconomic data were collected through on-site interviews, guided by structured form. The observations about the hygienic and sanitary adequacy of physical facilities and practices employed at the point of sale /environment were conducted and recorded with the use of assessment tool developed for use in open markets. The adequacy of medicinal plants to consumption was determined by microbiological analysis. The activity was carried out by individuals who are aged between 21 and 81 years of age, low educational level and low-income, predominantly males. The data showed a tendency to extinction of the activity in all the districts studied. It was observed in all the fairs studied hygiene and sanitation inadequacies that characterized very high health risk, representing in this way, the high probability of Food Transmitted Diseases outbreaks Such conditions were reflected in the high percentage of inadequacy to the consumption of the analyzed medicinal plants samples, illustrating the potential health risk to consumers. To contribute to the correction of hygiene and sanitation inadequacies observed in the studied open-air fairs, educational interventions were made to the training of traders in Good Practices. As a complement, was drafted a specific legislation for the marketing of folk medicine's products in open-air fairs. Such actions, products and its developments will contribute significantly to improving the quality of products available to the population and the preservation of activity, potentially reducing the risks to public health.
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This thesis investigates the historical influence of the criminal policy in the context that shapes the first specific law for children and adolescents in Brazil, the 1927 Children's Code, a standard that inaugurates the conceptual scission between children and "minor" and their different treatment by the State. The study addresses the demand for order in the context of changes in the working world in the transition from the slave system to the capitalist mode of production, and the corresponding disciplinary and punitive control mechanisms directed to the segment of childhood and adolescence. The theoretical route proposes a questioning of the political construction of law and justice, as well as the conformation of the punitive techniques, and the construction of the stereotype of the "delinquent", prime target of the criminal policy, focusing on the process of criminalization of the segment in question through the confrontation of the Critical perspective with the approaches of Classical and Positive schools. This research shows the imposition of a bourgeois morality that obscures the social conflict attributing it to people isolated by the criminalization of their conduct; and points out that the historical forms of selective social control were greatly influenced by psychiatry and psychology, either by the elaboration of the image of the "delinquent" or by the expected performance of custodial institutions. Finally, the developments and the permanence of the historical roots of the criminal policy are problematized, relating them to the difficulties currently encountered in the consolidation of the legal garantism paradigm proposed by the Children and Adolescent Statute.
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This thesis investigates the historical influence of the criminal policy in the context that shapes the first specific law for children and adolescents in Brazil, the 1927 Children's Code, a standard that inaugurates the conceptual scission between children and "minor" and their different treatment by the State. The study addresses the demand for order in the context of changes in the working world in the transition from the slave system to the capitalist mode of production, and the corresponding disciplinary and punitive control mechanisms directed to the segment of childhood and adolescence. The theoretical route proposes a questioning of the political construction of law and justice, as well as the conformation of the punitive techniques, and the construction of the stereotype of the "delinquent", prime target of the criminal policy, focusing on the process of criminalization of the segment in question through the confrontation of the Critical perspective with the approaches of Classical and Positive schools. This research shows the imposition of a bourgeois morality that obscures the social conflict attributing it to people isolated by the criminalization of their conduct; and points out that the historical forms of selective social control were greatly influenced by psychiatry and psychology, either by the elaboration of the image of the "delinquent" or by the expected performance of custodial institutions. Finally, the developments and the permanence of the historical roots of the criminal policy are problematized, relating them to the difficulties currently encountered in the consolidation of the legal garantism paradigm proposed by the Children and Adolescent Statute.
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O papel do enfermeiro como prescritor vem se ampliando em muitos pases nos ltimos anos, em diferentes situaes e amplitudes de ao, se configurando como prtica avanada na enfermagem. No Brasil, a prescrio de medicamentos por enfermeiros est prevista na Lei do Exerccio Profissional desde 1986, e permite a esse profissional, a prescrio de medicamentos estabelecidos em programas de sade pblica. Esse estudo tem como objetivo geral analisar as determinaes e perspectivas da prescrio de medicamentos por enfermeiros nos protocolos da Estratgia Sade da Famlia. Os objetivos especficos so: apreender a atual situao internacional da prescrio de medicamentos por enfermeiros em comparao a essa prtica no Brasil identificando semelhanas e diferenas; identificar os contornos legais e normativos da prescrio de medicamentos por enfermeiros no Brasil apontando sua histria, tendncias e desafios; caracterizar o modelo de prescrio de medicamentos por enfermeiros nos protocolos de Ateno Primria Sade no Brasil; investigar possveis lacunas entre formao, capacitao, autoavaliao e prtica da prescrio de medicamentos na Ateno Primria Sade na perspectiva do enfermeiro. Trata-se de Estudo de Caso Exemplar com abordagem qualitativa atravs de Reviso Bibliogrfica, Anlise Documental e Grupo Focal com enfermeiros. A anlise dos dados deu-se por meio da Anlise de Contedo e Anlise Qualitativa de Contedo. Os resultados revelam que a categoria da enfermagem contribuiu para a legalizao da prescrio, porm no para a sua legitimao; na Ateno Primria Sade, essa atribuio est consolidada por meio de protocolos e legislação, embora sem estratgia clara de acompanhamento pelo Ministrio da Sade; observa-se resistncia em algumas normatizaes dentro do setor sade. Quanto aos protocolos, observou-se no h exigncia de pr-requisitos na maioria deles; h possibilidade de diagnstico pelo enfermeiro na gravidez, nutrio infantil e doenas sexualmente transmissveis; observou-se variados graus de autonomia; amplo grupo de medicamentos prescritos por enfermeiros. Dos 37 participantes do Grupo Focal, 97,3% eram do sexo feminino; 54% formados h menos de 10 anos, 27% entre 10 e 20 anos, 16,2% h mais de 20 anos; 83,8% com especializao em Sade Pblica. Todos os enfermeiros relataram insuficincia da disciplina de farmacologia para instrumentalizar a prtica prescritiva. Destacou-se a necessidade de ps-graduao; a importncia da experincia clnica; falta de discusses e capacitao. Apenas alguns se autoavaliaram como competentes para prescrever, outros revelam medo de reao adversa a medicamentos. Conclui-se que h tendncia da prescrio de medicamento por enfermeiros permanecer apenas na legalidade e o principal desafio alcanar a legitimidade. Confirma-se uma prtica prescritiva sem requisitos, diversidade de orientaes induzindo a multiplicidade de aes que pode afetar a qualidade da prescrio. H lacunas entre formao, capacitaes e exigncias cotidianas da prescrio de medicamentos por enfermeiros na Ateno Primria Sade. No Brasil se faz premente pesquisa para avaliar o impacto, a qualidade e a segurana da prescrio de medicamentos por enfermeiros. A experincia internacional sugere tambm que essa prescrio deve ser apoiada pelo coletivo de enfermeiros, com robusto plano de capacitao nacional, alm de governana e apoio local.
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Este artculo analiza una dinmica de intervenciones de Estados Unidos en Amrica Latina que no ha atrado suficientemente la atencin de los historiadores. En los aos treinta y cuarenta, cuando Europa se hunda en una nueva confrontacin blica, ciertos sectores del gobierno y del mundo empresarial norteamericano intentaron articular una nueva relacin con los pases del continente basada en una propuesta de multilateralismo que se haba configurado dentro de la Sociedad de Naciones (SN). Estos estadounidenses intentaron establecer una dinmica de relaciones triangulares con los gobiernos latinoamericanos y los organismos tcnicos de la SN. Gracias a ello, como se mostrar en este artculo para el caso del funcionamiento del Comit Fiscal de la Sociedad de Naciones, los latinoamericanos fueron capaces de influir en el tipo de polticas que deban emanar de esta relacin triangular. La importancia de esta historia no es menor. La relacin triangular entre Estados Unidos, Amrica Latina y la SN sirvi de base para la reconstruccin de la gobernanza global liderada por los Estados Unidos tras la guerra.
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O crescimento vertiginoso no nmero de solicitaes de refgio, que de 2010 a 2015 aumentou em mais de 8 vezes, assim como o boom no nmero de imigraes registradas a partir de 2000 no Cear por parte de estudantes africanos tm reforado populao local os efeitos tanto da globalizao como da crise humanitria atual. Poder pblico, organizaes do terceiro setor e entes empresariais passam a se envolver na agenda pertinente imigrao em um contexto socioeconmico e legislativo delicados; e intenes de trabalhos e iniciativas de assistncia aos imigrantes e refugiados comeam a permear a sociedade, mesmo no havendo dados estatsticos da diversidade dos imigrantes, processo de acolhimento formal definido ou avaliao das capacidades absolutas que a cidade de Fortaleza no Cear possui para agregar a essa agenda. Dessa forma, iremos identificar o perfil dos imigrantes que so provenientes de pases africanos de lngua portuguesa e refugiados sob a tica da diversidade de modo a traar um mapa que traga percepes e insumos para as atividades de assistncia desejadas. Adicionalmente, ser analisado o processo de acolhimento sob a tica da avaliao da estrutura (instituies, equipamentos, procedimentos e responsabilidades) com o objetivo de se entender o nvel de maturidade do processo de acolhida dos imigrantes e refugiados, assim como suas oportunidades de melhoria. A temtica, alm de atual, se faz indispensvel para a construo de um pensamento crtico acerca da prpria capacidade de contribuio ao tema da imigrao e da crise dos refugiados. A metodologia utilizada para a construo da parte terica e para respaldo das hipteses levantadas foi a consulta bibliogrfica, enquanto a parte estatstica foi fruto de intenso trabalho de investigao por insumos de ordem qualitativa e quantitativa com diferentes agentes intervenientes no processo de acolhimento no Estado, inclusive pela busca do aspecto subjetivo por parte de gestores pblicos acerca do tema. Por fim, foi realizado diagnstico de qualidade organizacional junto Pastoral do Migrante em Fortaleza, tida como referncia do terceiro setor na agenda dos imigrantes e refugiados, com objetivo de avaliar e contribuir com suas capacidades de gesto e com seu processo de acolhimento. Verificou-se com o trabalho que, diferente do tema dos refugiados, rduo tem sido o caminho percorrido para o desenvolvimento de assistncia aos imigrantes como poltica pblica. Contudo, pretende-se demonstrar que conhecer as necessidades deste ltimo grupo, assim como sanar suas dificuldades, pode influenciar positivamente futuros trabalhos at mesmo para o prprio tema dos refugiados. Portanto, conhecer a real situao de ambos os grupos na regio indispensvel para se elaborar planos do poder pblico, alm de possibilitar a melhoria nos dispositivos de assistncia como um todo e avanar os mecanismos da legislao pertinente.
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In the first decades of 20th century the just instituted Brazilian Republic faced the challenge to modernize the country. Considering that the progress was associated with the exhaustion of the forest reserves and with climatic changes, two big issues were seen as fundamental: To Fight the Droughts and To Defend the Forests; headed by professionals who were dedicated to these ideals. This research starts from the premise that these were the main challenges enforced by nature to the Brazilian development; the general objective was delimited in the search to understand the meaning and the conception of the natural world by this group of professionals who faced the shock between modernizing the country and conserving its natural resources. Aiming to contribute with the construction of the Brazilian environmental history and to bring historical elements to the debate about the environment in the country, the author concentrates his attention to the analyses, the discussions and the actions that preceded the regulation on the use of natural resources and the implementation of the environmental legislation in Brazil, occurred in 1934. The investigation uses as methodological basis the theoretical directions of environmental history, using sources of data still little explored and valued. In such way, it is taken as starting point some published papers about this subject during the period between 1889 and 1934 in two technical magazines the Revista Brazil Ferro-Carril and the Revista do Club de Engenharia. National engineering played a basic role in this process while arguing, projecting and constructing the development. The formulated proposals, after being divulged, had fomented the interchange with other professionals and had favored the advance of ambient questions in Brazil, in the sense to preserve natural resources, to construct more harmonic relations between the society and the nature and to equate the development with the environment preservation
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O livro Fisioterapia: legislao aplicada leis, decretos e resolues, editado em 2015 pela editora Autografia, no Rio de Janeiro, constitui uma contribuio muito relevante para a tica e Deontologia no Brasil. Esta obra da autoria de Carlos IURI da Silva Lcio, resulta no mbito da sua atividade como fisioterapeuta, auditor de Sistemas de Sade e Sade Pblica e professor do curso de aprimoramento profissional.
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This work aimed to study the structure and dynamic of Phytoplankton and Bacterioplankton in a complete cycle of shrimp cultivation (Litopenaeus vannamei) and determine the environmental factors responsible for the structural changes of these communities. The study was realized in a saltwater shrimp farm (Macaba, RN), between September/2005 and February/2006, and in a freshwater shrimp farm (Cear Mirim, RN), between May/2007 and September 2007. The samplings were collected weekly in saltwater farm and every fifteen days in freshwater farm. Total phosphorus, chlorophyll a and environmental parameters (pH, dissolved oxygen, salinity, temperature, depth and water transparency) were measured. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the phytoplankton and bacterioplankton were carried out. The Shannon-Wiener ecologic indexes of diversity and the Pielou equitability indexes were calculated to the phytoplankton. Bacterial density was determined by epifluorescence microscopy. The data were statistically analyzed by Pearson correlation and t-Test. Chlorophycea were predominat in salt water and in the captation/drainage point (24 to 99%). Diatoms had higher wealth. The species Choricystis minor had the highest occurrence (100%) and dominance (90-100%), thus showing its adaptation to the high temperatures, salinity and low water transparency conditions. Filamentous Cyanobacteria like Oscillatoria sp., Pseudoanabaena sp. and Phormidium sp. had constant levels. The negative correlation between chlorophycea and water transparency, and the positive correlation between chlorophyll a and salinity, showed that the phytoplankton was well adapted to the low transparency and to the high salinity. The bacterioplankton was negatively correlated with the total phosphorus and salinity. In freshwater, Cyanobacteria were predominant (>80%), presenting some producers of toxins species like Microcystis sp., Aphanizomenon sp., Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii e Anabaena circinalis. Cyanobacterial density and total phosphorus and chlorophyll a concentrations exceeded the maximum value allowed by legislation. The means of total phosphorus varied from 264 to 627 Wg.L-1 and the means of chlorophyll a oscillated between 22 and 182 Wg.L-1. The phytoplankton species were selected by low availability of the light, high pH, temperature and high availability of total phosphorus. The bacterioplankton showed high densities (5,13 x 107 to 8,50 x107 Bac.mL-1). The studied environments (ponds and rivers) presented a high level of trophic state based on the high concentrations of chlorophyll a and total phosphorus and cyanobacteria dominance. The composition of species in the ponds and rivers was similar, as well as high concentrations of total phosphorus and chlorophyll a, highlighting the pollution caused by the discharges of the farms in natural environment
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Anais do Parlamento Brasileiro, 1830.
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Anais do Parlamento Brasileiro, 1876
