Purificação e caracterização parcial de uma Fucana C de Dictyota mentrualis e estudo do seu efeito antiinflamatório e nociceptivo

In recent years, sulfated polysaccharides from marine algae have emerged as an important class of natural biopolymers with potential application in human and veterinary health care, while taking advantage of the absence of potential risk of contamination by animal viruses. Among these, fucans isolated from the cell walls of marine brown alga have been study due to their anticoagulant, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities. These biological effects of fucans have been found to depend on the degree of sulfation and molecular size of the polysaccharide chains. In the present study, we examined structural features of a fucan extracted from brown alga Dictyota menstrualis and its effect on the leukocyte migration to the peritoneum. The sulfated polysaccharides were extracted from the brown seaweed by proteolytic digestion, followed by sequential acetone precipitation producing 5 fractions. Gel lectrophoresis using 0.05 M 1,3-diaminopropane-acetate buffer, pH 9.0, stained with 0.1% toluidine blue, showed the presence of sulfated polysaccharides in all fractions. The chemical analyses demonstrated that all fractions are composed mainly of fucose, xylose, galactose, uronic acid, and sulfate. Electrophoresis in agarose gel in three different buffers demonstrated that the fraction 2.0v have only one population of fucan. This compound was purify by exclusion molecular. It has shown composition of fucose, xilose, sulfate and uronic acid in molar ration of 1.0: 1.7: 1.1: 0.5 respectively. The effect of this heterofucan on the leukocyte migration was observed 6h after zymozan (mg/g) administration into the peritoneum. The heterofucan showed higher antimigratory activity, it decrease the migration of leukocyte in 83.77% to peritoneum. The results suggest that this fucan is a new antimigratory compound with potential pharmacological appications

Artroplastia de interposición-suspensión con aloinjertos para el tratamiento de la rizartrosis: evolución y resultados a largo plazo

Antecedentes y Objetivos. La articulación trapecio-metacarpiana (TMC) presenta una especial anatomía que se altera en la rizartrosis. De entre todas las técnicas quirúrgicas que existen para tratar esta patología, proponemos una artroplastia de interposición suspensión con tejidos criopreservados que creemos que reproduce bastante fielmente el movimiento de la articulación. Material y Método. Presentamos un estudio prospectivo en 103 pacientes con rizartrosis tratados entre los años 1995 y 2008 a los que se realizó la técnica que presentamos. Valoramos el dolor, la capacidad para hacer su trabajo o las actividades de la vida diaria para evaluar la técnica y la permanencia de ésta en el tiempo. Resultados. Objetivamos en los pacientes del grupo de estudio una mejoría del dolor y de la capacidad para hacer su trabajo y sus actividades diarias tras la realización de la artroplastia, mantenidas en el tiempo, incluso en los pacientes con seguimiento superior a 9 años. Las complicaciones aparecidas fueron resueltas en todos los casos sin secuelas. Comparamos la movilidad de la articulación con la que presentan dos anillos entrelazados, lo que permite los grados de libertad de la articulación TMC. Conclusiones. La técnica elegida refleja el movimiento de una sección de espiral que permite a la articulación recuperar todos los movimientos. Además, esta técnica se puede utilizar en cualquier estadio de la enfermedad y mantiene sus resultados en el tiempo.

Purificação e caracterização parcial de duas N-acetil-ß-hexosaminidases do Equinoderma marinho Echinometra lucunter

Two b-N-acetylhexosaminidases (F11 e F15) were purified from Echinometra lucunter gonads extracts. The purified enzymes were obtained using ammonium sulfate fractionation, followed by gel filtration chromatographies (Sephacryl S-200, Sephadex G-75 and Sephacryl S-200). The F11 fraction was purified 192.47 -fold with a 28.5% yield, and F15 fraction 85.41 -fold with a 32.3% yield. The molecular weights of the fractions were 116 kDa for F11 and 42 kDa for F15 using SDS-PAGE. In Sephacryl S-200, F15 was 84 kDa, indicating that it is a dimeric protein. When p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glycosaminide was used as substrate, we determined an apparent Km of 0.257 mM and Vmax of 0.704 for F11 and for F15 the Km was 0.235 mM and Vmax of 0.9 mM of product liberated by hour. Both enzymes have optimum pH and temperature respectively at 5.0 and 45 °C. The enzymes showed inhibition by silver nitrate, while the glucuronic acid was a potent activator. The high inhibition of F15 by N-etylmaleimide indicates that sulphydril groups are involved in the catalysis of synthetic substrate

Extração, caracterização estrutural parcial e atividades farmacológicas do olginato obtido da alga marrom Lobophora variegata (Lamouroux) Oliveira Filho, 1977

The alginic acid or alginates are acidic polysaccharides found in brown seaweed widely used in food, cosmetic, medical and pharmaceutical industry. This paper proposes the extraction, chemical characterization and verification of the pharmacological activities of brown seaweed variegata Lobophora . The alginate was extracted from the seaweed Lobophora variegata and part was sulphated for comparative purposes. The native extract showed 42% total sugar, 65% uronic acid, 0,36 % protein and 0% of sulfate, while the sulfate showed 39% , 60%, 0.36% and 27,92 % respectively. The presence of a sulfate group may be observed by the metachromasia with toluidine blue in electrophoresis system and characteristic vibration 1262,34 cm-1 in infrared spectroscopy connections assigned to S = O. We observed the formation of films and beads of native alginate, where more concentrated solution 6% resulted in a thicker and more consistent film. Native alginate showed proliferative activity at concentrations (25 and 50 mcg), (50 mg) and (100 mg) in 3T3 cell line in 24h, 48h and 72h, respectively , as the sulfated (100 mg) in 24 . Also showed antiproliferative or cytotoxic activity in HeLa cells of strain, (25 and 100 mg), (25 and 100 mg) and (25, 50 and 100 mg), to native, now for the sulfate concentrations (100 mg) in 24 (25, 50 and 100 mg) in 48 hours, and (50 and 100 mg ) 72h. For their antioxidant activity, the sulfated alginates have better total antioxidant activity reaching 29 % of the native activity while 7.5 % of activity . For the hydroxyl radical AS showed high inhibition ( between 77-83 % ) in concentrations, but the AN surpassed these numbers in the order of 78-92 % inhibition. The reducing power of AN and AS ranged between 39-82 % . In the method of ferric chelation NA reached 100 % chelating while the AS remained at a plateau oscillating 6.5%. However, in this study , we found alginates with promising pharmacological activities, to use in various industries as an antioxidant / anti-tumor compound

El derecho de consulta como contenido parcial del derecho a la participación de los trabajadores en la empresa

El derecho de consulta tiene una regulación demasiado dispersa. Situarlo en el concepto de participación es tarea de este Trabajo Fin de Grado

El derecho al aborto en Colombia. II Parte: la despenalización parcial

La concepción originaria de la Corte Constitucional, respecto de si el nasciturus es poseedor o no del derecho absoluto a la vida, ha ido cambiando gradualmente a medida que han ido pasando las sentencias que han estudiado el tema. En un principio, se consideraba esta idea como absoluta, al punto de no permitir en ningún caso el atentado contra el nasciturus. Pero la idea ha ido cediendo, y hoy se considera que no se debería punir cuando una mujer se encuentre en extraordinarias circunstancias anormales de motivación y, además, desde el momento en que haya sido víctima de acceso carnal, inseminación o transferencia de óvulo no consentido y malformación grave del feto. Esta posición, llegó a despenalizar parcialmente el delito de aborto, aceptando que el derecho a la vida del nasciturus no es absoluto y por eso en ocasiones debe ceder frente a los derechos de la mujer. Por ello, para una mejor comprensión de la última decisión de la Corte Constitucional en materia de aborto, se analizara, en un primer capítulo, la penalización del aborto en Colombia, antes de evidenciar, en un segundo capítulo, las ventajas y los límites de la Jurisprudencia que despenaliza parcialmente el aborto en el país. Por último en un tercer capítulo, la tendencia mundial hacia la despenalización de la conducta del aborto.

Obtenção de óxidos a base de níquel e cobalto para reação de oxidação parcial do metano

Nickel-based catalysts supported on alumina have been widely used in various reactions to obtain synthesis gas or hydrogen. Usually, higher conversion levels are obtained by these catalysts, however, the deactivation by coke formation and sintering of metal particles are still problems to be solved. Several approaches have been employed in order to minimize these problems, among which stands out in recent years the use of additives such as oxides of alkali metals and rare earths. Similarly, the use of methodologies for the synthesis faster, easier, applicable on an industrial scale and to allow control of the microstructural characteristics of these catalysts, can together provide the solution to this problem. In this work, oxides with spinel type structure AB2O4, where A represents divalent cation and B represents trivalent cations are an important class of ceramic materials investigated worldwide in different fields of applications. The nickel cobaltite (NiCo2O4) was oxides of spinel type which has attracted considerable interest due to its applicability in several areas, such as chemical sensors, flat panel displays, optical limiters, electrode materials, pigments, electrocatalysis, electronic ceramics, among others. The catalyst precursor NiCo2O4 was prepared by a new chemical synthesis route using gelatine as directing agent. The polymer resin obtained was calcined at 350°C. The samples were calcined at different temperatures (550, 750 and 950°C) and characterized by X ray diffraction, measurements of specific surface area, temperature programmed reduction and scanning electron microscopy. The materials heat treated at 550 and 750°C were tested in the partial oxidation of methane. The set of techniques revealed, for solid preparations, the presence of the phase of spinel-type structure with the NiCo2O4 NixCo1-xO solid solution. This solid solution was identified by Rietveld refinement at all temperatures of heat treatment. The catalyst precursors calcined at 550 and 750°C showed conversion levels around 25 and 75%, respectively. The reason H2/CO was around 2 to the precursor treated at 750°C, proposed reason for the reaction of partial oxidation of methane, one can conclude that this material can be shown to produce synthesis gas suitable for use in the synthesis Fischer-Tropsch process

LA AUTONOMIA DE LA COMUNIDAD ES LA ENZIMA DEL DESARROLLO. LOS COSTOS DEL CLIENTELISMO. (AVANCE PARCIAL DE INVESTIGACIÓN)

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Avaliação das caraterísticas individuais e clínicas como preditores do estado de saúde em indivíduos sujeitos a artroplastia total da anca

A presente dissertação visa contribuir para a compreensão do impacto da realização da Fisioterapia na recuperação clínica do doente submetido a uma Prótese Total da Anca (PTA). Objetivos: Estimar a contribuição das características individuais e clínicas para o estado de saúde de indivíduos sujeitos a artroplastia total da anca. Materiais e métodos: Criou‐se um questionário composto pela versão portuguesa do questionário Hip Ostheoarthritis Outcomes Score (HOOS), a versão portuguesa do Medical Outcomes Score – Short Form Version 36 v2 (MOS SF‐36 v2) e por um questionário sobre as características individuais (sexo, idade, IMC, profissão, situação profissional, habilitações literárias e estado civil) e clínicas (duração artrose antes da cirurgia; anca operada; existência de artrose na anca não operada; tempo desde a cirurgia e tempo de internamento hospitalar; tratamento de fisioterapia realizado no internamento e número de sessões realizadas por semana; internamento em Unidade de Cuidados Continuados, número de semanas e número de sessões de fisioterapia realizadas por semana; tratamento de fisioterapia realizado em ambulatório, tempo entre a alta e o início do tratamento, número de semanas e número de sessões realizadas por semana). Este questionário foi aplicado a 161 doentes que haviam sido submetidos a uma PTA há mais de três e menos de seis meses. Resultados: A análise de regressão múltipla passo a passo revelou que as características estudadas explicam entre 10,9% e 16% da variância das subescalas do HOOS e explicam de 6,6% a 28,8% da variância das subescalas do SF‐36. O principal preditor do melhor estado de saúde da anca é a realização de fisioterapia no internamento. O tempo de internamento relaciona‐se de forma negativa com os resultados obtidos no HOOS e no SF – 36. Conclusões: Esta investigação revelou dados que permitem destacar a Fisioterapia no internamento como o preditor do melhor estado de saúde no indivíduo submetido a PTA. Pelo contrário, o tempo de internamento mais elevado é o preditor do pior estado de saúde. O tempo médio de internamento é mais baixo em doentes que fizeram fisioterapia no internamento hospitalar por PTA (5,6 dias vs 8,5 dias).

LA DOLARIZACIÓN PARCIAL EN COSTA RICA

Este estudio examina la magnitud, la evolución y explora las causas de la creciente preferencia hacia activos financieros en moneda extranjera como depósito de valor (sustitución de activos) y en algún grado como medio de pago (sustitución monetaria) en una economía de inflación moderada, sin antecedentes cercanos de crisis ni experiencias de confiscación de depósitos como es Costa Rica.La magnitud de la sustitución por parte del dólar estadounidense de las funciones que desempeña tradicionalmente la moneda local se aproxima a través de varios indicadores basados en razones de depósitos en moneda extranjera con respecto a sus similares en moneda local con frecuencia mensual de 1990 al 2002. Además, se identifican los factores que explican la demanda relativa de los depósitos bancarios según su grado de liquidez y se buscan evidencias de irreversibilidad del proceso (histéresis) mediante variables de tipo “ratchet”.Como factores explicativos del fenómeno, se plantean la probable influencia de elementos institucionales y de los estímulos económicos derivados de la globalización de la economía y de los diferenciales de rendimientos financieros. Pero se sostiene también que las políticas monetaria y cambiaria han tenido efectos en el nivel de dolarización alcanzado por la economía costarricense; por una parte, la política deencajes llevada a cabo desde 1996 favoreció la constitución de depósitos en moneda extranjera (y la intermediación de esos fondos ha debido generar la expansión secundaria de esos recursos) y, por otra, el ajuste cambiario siempre alcista bajo el régimen de minidevaluaciones ha estimulado la sustitución de activos.Se concluye en general que la dolarización de depósitos bancarios ha alcanzado niveles muy elevados (50% del total) y la significancia de la variable “ratchet” da indicios de que el proceso es de difícil reversión por lo que es de esperar que se mantenga en el futuro la preferencia de los agentes económicos nacionales por activos financieros en esa denominación tanto con propósitos de medio de cambio comode reserva de valor. Los factores que la teoría y la literatura apuntan como determinantes del fenómeno muestran ser relevantes en el caso costarricense: la demanda relativa por depósitos en dólares responde positivamente ante la tasa de interés y el ajuste cambiario esperado y negativamente ante el rendimiento diferencial a favor de los activos en moneda local. La apertura externa, aproximada por la evolución de las reservas monetarias internacionales, muestra ser significativa sólo para los depósitos que rinden utilidad como medio de pago y existen evidencias de la influencia positiva de las medidas de política económica señaladas sobre la dolarización de los depósitos bancarios.

Síntese de catalisadores do tipo LaNixFe1-xO3 como precursores catalíticos para reação oxidação parcial do metano

Nickel-bases catalysts have been used in several reform reactions, such as in the partial oxidation of methane to obtain H2 or syngas (H2 + CO). High levels of conversion are usually obtained using this family of catalysts, however, their deactivation resulting from carbon deposition still remains a challenge. Different approaches have been tested aiming at minimizing this difficulty, including the production of perovskites and related structures using modern synthesis methods capable of producing low cost materials with controlled microstructural characteristics at industrial scale. To establish grounds for comparison, in the present study LaNixFe1-xO3 (x=0, 0.3 or 0.7) perovskites were prepared following the Pechini method and by microwave assisted self-combustion. All samples were sub sequently calcined at 900 °C to obtain the target phase. The resulting ceramic powders were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, infrared spectroscopy, X ray diffraction, specific area and temperature programmed reduction tests. Calcined samples were also used in the partial oxidation reaction of methane to evaluate the level of conversion, selectivity and carbon deposition. The results showed that the calcined samples were crystalline and the target phase was formed regardless of the synthesis method. According to results obtained by Rietveld refinement, we observed the formation of 70.0% of LaNi0.3Fe0.7O3 and 30.0% of La2O3 for samples LN3F7-900- P, LN3F7-900-M and 41,6% of LaNi0.7Fe0.3O3, 30.7% of La2NiO4 and 27.7% of La2O3 for samples LN7F3-900-P and LN7F3-900-M.Temperature-programmed profiles of the LaNiO3 sample revealed the presence of a peak around 510 °C, whereas the LaFeO3 sample depicted a peak above 1000°C. The highest l evel of methane conversion was obtained for LaNiO3 synthesized by the Pechini method. Overall, catalysts prepared by the Pechini method depicted better conversion levels compared to those produced by microwave assisted self-combustion

Examen Parcial 1: Econometría 06216

Examen Parcial 1: Econometría 06216. Elaborado por el profesor Julio César Alonso Cifuentes de la Facultad de Ciencias Administrativas y Económicas – Universidad Icesi. Contiene preguntas y respuestas.

Examen Parcial 2: Econometría 06216

Examen Parcial 2: Econometría 06216. Elaborado por el profesor Julio César Alonso Cifuentes de la Facultad de Ciencias Administrativas y Económicas – Universidad Icesi. Contiene preguntas y respuestas.