Effect of sodium alginate concentration on membrane strength and permeating property of poly-l-arginine group microcapsule

A novel poly-l-arginine microcapsule was prepared due to its nutritional function and pharmacological efficacy. A high-voltage electrostatic droplet generator was used to make uniform microcapsules. The results show that the membrane strength and permeating property are both remarkably affected with the changes of sodium alginate concentration. With the sodium alginate concentration increasing, gel beads sizes increase from 233 mum to 350 mum, release ratio is also higher at the same time, but the membrane strength decreases.

Direct synthesis of Al-SBA-15 mesoporous materials via hydrolysis-controlled approach

Aluminum-substituted mesoporous SBA-15 (Al-SBA-15) materials were directly synthesized by a hydrolysis-controlled approach in which the hydrolysis of the silicon precursor (tetraethyl orthosilicate, TEOS) is accelerated by fluoride or by using tetramethyl orthosilicate (TMOS) as silicon precursor rather than TEOS. These materials were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), N-2 sorption isotherms, TEM, Al-27 MAS NMR, IR spectra of pyridine adsorption, and NH3-TPD. It is found that the matched hydrolysis and condensation rates of silicon and aluminum precursors are important factors to achieve highly ordered mesoporous materials. Al-27 MAS NMR spectra of Al-SBA-15 show that all aluminum species were incorporated into the silica framework for the samples prepared with the addition of fluoride. A two-step approach (sol-gel reaction at low pH followed by crystallization at high pH) was also employed for the synthesis of Al-SBA-15. Studies show that the two-step approach could efficiently avoid the leaching of aluminum from the framework of the material. The calcined Al-SBA-15 materials show highly ordered hexagonal mesostructure and have both Bronsted and Lewis acid sites with medium acidity.

Novel catalysis of TiO2 for the catalytic alcohols synthesis from CO and H2O

Direct synthesis of alcohols from CO and H2O was investigated using TiO2 catalyst. MeOH (about 24 mg g(-1) h(-1)) and EtOH (about 8 mg g(-1) h(-1)) could be produced under the reaction conditions of T= 573 K, P= 0.5 MPa, CO flow rate of 30 ml min(-1) and CO/H2O = 3/2 during the period of 12 to 44 h time-on-stream. Compared with PbO, TiO2 could preserve stable catalytic activity during a long time of reaction. For the same catalyst TiO2, the reaction performance of alkali carbonates increased with their solubility (K2CO3>Na2CO3>Li2CO3). The corresponding catalytic activity was found to increase with the alkalescence of solvent. The formation mechanism of alcohols was proposed as well. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Analysis of specific gene by integration of isothermal amplification and electrophoresis on poly(methyl methacrylate) microchips

We have successfully achieved the integration of isothermal amplification and the subsequent analysis of specific gene fragments on poly(methyl methacrylate) microchips. In our experiments, loop-mediated isothermal amplification, which can offer higher specificity and efficiency than PCR, has been performed at a constant temperature (65 degreesC). After amplification, products could be either examined by the integrated microchip-based electrophoresis or directly observed by naked eye with SYBR Green I added into the reaction solution. By such an integrated microsystem, the amplification and the subsequent analysis of prostate-specific antigen gene with template concentration at 23 fg/muL could be finished within 15 min, which demonstrates its advantages of high specificity, good reproducibility, and fast speed in gene detection.

固沙植物群落稳定性机制的探讨

采用多样性理论和冗余理论对固沙植物群落稳定性机制进行了论述。物种多样性的变化能很好地反映固沙植物群落的稳定性状态。在生物学各级水平都存在冗余,冗余是生命系统在长期的进化过程中逐渐形成的一种特性,其主要功能是确保生物个体和群体更好地适应极端环境、维持正常的生长发育和保持稳定,而且其功能只是在受到干扰时才明显地表现出来。削弱冗余,会导致在个体、种群或群落水平上产生补偿作用,以此来增加群落的功能。固沙植物群落的稳定程度主要取决于群落内冗余的数量和结构,冗余越多结构越复杂,群落越稳定。削弱固沙群落的根系冗余可获得生物量上的补偿,但使群落稳定性下降。

黑曲霉固体发酵生产纤维素酶培养基构成优化研究

研究结果表明应用双温度培养法进行黑曲霉固体发酵生产纤维素酶时 ,在自然补给氧气、培养基 pH值约6 .5并保持环境湿度约 6 0 %条件下 ,葡萄糖对滤纸酶活力有促进作用 ;葡萄糖、麸皮、(NH4 ) 2 SO4 、水分适宜作为固体培养基基本成分 ;表面活性剂吐温 80对纤维素酶活力促进效果并不明显

黄守瓜取食行为的机理及黄瓜的化学应答

黄足黄守瓜先用口器在黄瓜幼苗叶面划圈,然后再取食圈内叶组织,但黄足黄守瓜却直接取食离体黄瓜子叶,而不发生划圈取食行为.研究显示,黄守瓜这一有趣的划圈取食行为和黄瓜的化学应答显著相关.当黄瓜被黄守瓜取食后,子叶中葫芦素C的含量在60min内增加10倍以上,15min后子叶还出现葫芦素Ⅰ,并在60min内达到75mg/g鲜重的水平,而且黄瓜子叶中这一高水平的葫芦素至少要持续24h.进一步的实验证实,葫芦素C在10~250mg/g浓度范围刺激黄守瓜取食,250mg/g以上浓度则抑制黄守瓜取食;而葫芦素Ⅰ在50mg/g浓度就抑制黄守瓜取食,尤其是和葫芦素C混合后,对黄守瓜取食的抑制效应显著增加.结果表明,黄瓜通过增加葫芦素种类和浓度以避免被黄守瓜进一步侵食,而黄守瓜为了应对黄瓜的这一化学响应机制,采用先划圈阻断黄瓜圈内叶组织合成葫芦素和使圈外葫芦素不能迁移到圈内,以保证能取食圈内叶组织.黄守瓜的取食行为和黄瓜的化学应答是它们为生存而形成的一种巧妙的自我保护策略.

介绍一种新的食用菌——伯氏圆孢地花

伯氏圆孢地花 (Bondarzewiaberkeleyi)作为一种新的食用菌发现于贵州和广西 ,它属于担子菌门的伯氏圆孢地花科。该菌通常生长在山毛榉科树木的基部或根部 ,形成大型、复瓦状、叠生的子实体 ,故当地人称之为“大菌”。该菌菌肉肥厚 ,脆嫩清香 ,味道鲜美 ,是当地常用食用菌之一。本文对该菌进行了详细介绍。

论林带防风效应结构参数及其应用

以防护林带经营管理的实际出发 ,提出了林带新的结构参数———地上生物体积密度 ,阐明了该参数在林带削弱风速中的物理意义 ,分析了它与过去常用林带参数 (透风系数 ,疏透度 )的关系 ,并举例说明了它在生产中的实际应用

论转基因林木的潜在生态风险性

基因工程技术为加快林木遗传改良进程开辟了一条崭新的途径 .由于林木栽培环境复杂、生产周期长、经营管理粗放 ,且主要为风媒传粉植物等原因 ,与集约化程度较高的农作物相比 ,转基因林木环境释放及推广的潜在生态风险性更大 .如转基因林木大量种植可加速该树种遗传多样性水平降低 ,导致遗传脆弱性 ;转基因林木的长期持续强选择压力作用导致害虫、病菌协同进化 ;外源基因逃逸有可能使非转基因植物的生态适合度增强或降低 ,进而影响到自然界的物种多样性等 .

锐裂钱袋苔及其2个新异名

在对中国吉林长白山产苔类全萼苔科无齿全萼苔 (GynmomitriumuncrenulatumC .GaoetK .C .Chang)和锐裂钱袋苔小叶变种 (Marsupellacommutatavar.microfoliaK .C .Chang)的模式标本进行了研究 ,对比发现无齿全萼苔和锐裂钱袋苔小叶变种与锐裂钱袋苔特征相一致 ,将其处理为锐裂钱袋苔的异名

沈阳城市绿化生态工程树种综合评价分级选择

开展城市绿化生态工程建设是保护城市生态环境、促进城市可持续发展的必由之路 .对城市绿化树种生态适应性及生态功能性相结合的综合评价 ,是构建城市生态工程、合理应用选择城市绿化植物的科学依据 .通过专家咨询评价的方法 ,从生态适应能力、绿化生态效益、美化效果、抗病虫害性、抗污染性、经济效益等方面全面系统地建立了沈阳市绿化树种生态功能与生态适应性评价应用的综合指标体系 ,并根据专家第一轮评价和沈阳市特定区域和范围 ,在对绿化树种的综合应用评价的基础上 ,选定耐寒性、耐旱性、耐瘠薄、抗病虫能力、抗污染能力、观赏性和生态效益 7项评价指标为主要的评价指标因子 ,对沈阳常见的 2 0 0种绿化树种进行了综合评判与分级 .评价结果表明 ,综合效能为 1级植物有 5 8种 ;2级植物为 93种 ;3级植物 38种 ;4级植物 11种 .

生态系统健康研究现状及其定量化研究初探

阐述了健康的生态系统定义及其研究瓶颈与途径 ,健康的生态系统可以活力、组织性和恢复力等定性指标描述和衡量。中尺度生态系统定量化健康评价研究的主要瓶颈是确立健康生态系统标准。生态系统健康评价研究的途径可从生态系统受胁迫压力角度、系统恢复力或系统反作用力角度以及生态系统受到潜在“威胁”预测和健康预防的角度考虑 ,而系统结构和功能相结合是生态系统健康评价的基础

水稻化感品种根分泌物中非酚酸类化感物质的鉴定与抑草活性

水稻化感品种能从根系分泌释放化感作用物质 ,长期以来 ,酚酸类物质被认为是水稻根分泌的主要化感物质 ,但这一结论常常被质疑。利用连续循环和直接树脂吸收两种方法采集典型的水稻化感品种 PI31 2 777幼苗的根分泌物 ,并用液相色谱 /质谱(L C/ MS)联用技术鉴定了根分泌物中的非酚酸类物质。结果显示 ,水稻 PI31 2 777幼苗根系能分泌释放 7-甲氧基羟基肟酸、羟基肟酸、3-异丙基 - 5 -乙酰氧基环己烯酮 - 1、5 ,7,4′-三羟基 - 3′,5′-二甲氧基黄酮、二萜内酯 A和二萜内酯 B6个非酚酸类化合物。经液相色谱 (HPL C)定量分析 ,这些化合物在水稻生长 1 0 d的根分泌物中的浓度为 5～ 1 9μmol/ L。进一步的生测结果显示 ,这些化合物在其释放的浓度范围能对稻田常见的稗草和异型莎草有抑制活性 ,尤其是这些化合物的等摩尔混合物的抑草活性增加 ,同时水稻根分泌物的抑草活性与土壤载体显著相关。表明羟基肟酸、环己烯酮、黄酮和二萜内酯四类非酚酸类物质是水稻的主要化感物质 ,这与近期愈来愈多的研究结果一致

微量添食对柞蚕蚁蚕抗逆性的影响

通过卵面微量添食葡萄糖、有益微生物 (EM)及CaCl2 3种物质 ,以半数致死时间 (LT50 )为指标 ,研究添食不同物质对柞蚕初孵蚁蚕抗逆性的影响。结果表明 ,卵面添食这 3种物质均能增强蚁蚕的抗低温能力 ,延长其在低温条件下的半数致死时间 (LT50 )。添食葡萄糖能显著延长蚁蚕对饥饿的LT50 ;添食EM能极显著延长蚁蚕对饥饿的LT50 ;添食CaCl2 对蚁蚕耐饥饿能力的影响不显著。各种添食物质对蚁蚕抗逆性的影响均存在浓度效应