Imagem do corpo e problemas comportamentais em adolescentes vítimas de abusos sexuais

O estudo tem como objectivo avaliar a percepção da imagem do corpo e os problemas comportamentais em adolescentes vítimas de abuso sexual infantil, de Negligência e não vítimas de violência (NW). A amostra englobou 33 adolescentes do sexo feminino, entre os 11- 18 anos (M=15,21, SD=2,325). Destas, 22 estão institucionalizadas, onde 11 sofreram abusos sexuais e 11 negligência. As restantes residem com a família. Na recolha de dados utilizou-se o Questionário sobre Imagem do Corpo, de Bruchon-Schweitzer, o YSR, de Achenbach, e uma Ficha de caracterização, criada para o estudo, sobre os abusos. Na análise dos dados utilizou-se estatística não paramétrica. Os resultados sugerem que as adolescentes vítimas de violência avaliam e percepcionam o corpo mais negativamente que as adolescentes NW. Não se verificaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas na percepção da imagem do corpo e problemas comportamentais entre vítimas de violência. Esta parece influenciar a imagem corporal e os problemas comportamentais. Contudo, os resultados não são representativos. /ABSTRACT: The study aims to assess the perception of body image and behavior problems in adolescent victims of child sexual abuse, neglect and not victims of violence (NW). The sample comprised 33 adolescent females between 11-18 years (M= 15.21, SD = 2.325). Of these, 22 are institutionalized, where 11 had suffered sexual abuse and 11 neglect. The remaining living with the family. ln data collection we used the Questionnaire on Body lmage in Bruchon¬ Schweitzer, the YSR, Achenbach, and characterization of a sheet, created for the study, about the abuse. ln analyzing the data we used nonparametric statistical. The results suggest that adolescents who are victims of violence and assess the body more negatively perceived that adolescents NW. There were no statistically significant differences in perception of body image and behavior problems among victims of violence. This appears to influence body image and behavior problems. However, the results are not representative.

In their own words : adolescents strategies to prevent friend's risk taking

Injury is a significant public health problem among youth. A primary cause of adolescent injury is risk-taking behavior, including alcohol use, interpersonal violence and road-related risks. A novel approach to prevention is building on friendships by encouraging adolescents to intervene into their friends’ risk taking. Fifty-one early adolescents (13-14 years) and 44 older adolescents (16-17 years) from two Australian schools participated in focus groups, aiming to explore stories of intervening. Findings showed preference for talking to friends; however, participants also spoke to adults, monitored friends’ behavior and planned ahead. Close friendships, perceived harm, and self-efficacy influenced the likelihood of intervening. These findings have implications for the design of risk and injury prevention programs, by suggesting strategies to promote adolescents’ communicative ability for risk reduction. The findings also highlight the language and dialogue of adolescents and suggest that methods for increasing intervening behavior should focus on building social connectedness and increasing self-efficacy.

Determinants of physical activity in middle school children

Objective To evaluate the theory of reasoned action (TRA) and planned behavior (TPB) in predicting moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in sixth-grade youth. Methods One hundred ninety-eight students completed a questionnaire measuring attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and intentions to be active. MVPA was measured using the CSA 7,164 accelerometer. Results Although demonstrating an acceptable fit, the TRA and TPB accounted for only a small percentage of the variance in MVPA. In support of the TPB: the addition: of control perceptions to the reasoned! action model! added to the prediction of intentions and MVPA. Conclusion Within our sample of sixth graders, the utility of the, TRA or TPB;as a framework for activity interventions appears to be limited.

Psychosocial correlates of physical activity in white and African-American girls

Purpose To evaluate the relative utility of the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in explaining intentions and physical activity behavior in white and African-American eighth-grade girls. Methods One-thousand-thirty white and 1114 African-American eighth-grade girls (mean age 13.6 ± 0.7 years) from 31 middle schools in South Carolina completed a 3-day physical activity recall and a questionnaire assessing attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, self-efficacy, and intentions related to regular participation in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Results Among Whites, 17% of the variance in intentions was contributed by subjective norms and attitude, with intentions accounting for 8% of the variance in MVPA. The addition of perceived behavioral control and self-efficacy to the TRA significantly improved the prediction of intentions and MVPA accounting for 40% and 10% of the variance, respectively. Among African-Americans, subjective norms and attitude accounted for 13% of the variance in intentions, with intentions accounting for only 3% of the variance in MVPA. The addition of perceived behavioral control and self-efficacy to the TRA significantly improved the prediction of intentions and MVPA accounting for 28% and 5% of the variance, respectively. Conclusions The results provided limited empirical support for the TPB among white adolescent girls; however, our findings suggest that the planned behavior framework has limited utility among African-American adolescent girls. The relatively weak link between intentions and MVPA observed in both population groups suggest that constructs external to the TPB may be more important mediators of physical activity behavior in adolescent girls.

Indigenous Knowledge for Biodiversity Conservation

Indigenous peoples with a historical continuity of resource-use practices often possess a broad knowledge base of the behavior of complex ecological systems in their own localities. This knowledge has accumulated through a long series of observations transmitted from generation to generation. Such ''diachronic'' observations can be of great value and complement the ''synchronic''observations on which western science is based. Where indigenous peoples have depended, for long periods of time, on local environments for the provision of a variety of resources, they have developed a stake in conserving, and in some cases, enhancing, biodiversity. They are aware that biological diversity is a crucial factor in generating the ecological services and natural resources on which they depend. Some indigenous groups manipulate the local landscape to augment its heterogeneity, and some have been found to be motivated to restore biodiversity in degraded landscapes. Their practices for the conservation of biodiversity were grounded in a series of rules of thumb which are apparently arrived at through a trial and error process over a long historical time period. This implies that their knowledge base is indefinite and their implementation involves an intimate relationship with the belief system. Such knowledge is difficult for western science to understand. It is vital, however, that the value of the knowledge-practice-belief complex of indigenous peoples relating to conservation of biodiversity is fully recognized if ecosystems and biodiversity are to be managed sustainably. Conserving this knowledge would be most appropriately accomplished through promoting the community-based resource-management systems of indigenous peoples.

Looking past the model species: diversity in gaze-following skills across primates.

Primates must navigate complex social landscapes in their daily lives: gathering information from and about others, competing with others for food and mates, and cooperating to obtain rewards as well. Gaze-following often provides important clues as to what others see, know, or will do; using information about social attention is thus crucial for primates to be competent social actors. However, the cognitive bases of the gaze-following behaviors that primates exhibit appear to vary widely across species. The ultimate challenge of such analyses will therefore be to understand why such different cognitive mechanisms have evolved across species.

Performer as perceiver: perceiver as performer

The proposition in the title of this paper is intended to draw a link between psychological processes involved in aesthetic gestural performance (e.g. music, dance) for both performers and perceivers. In the performance scenario, the player/dancer/etc., perceptually guides their actions, and acquires the skill for a performance through their previous perceptions. On the other side, the perceiver watching, listening to and experiencing another’s motor performance, simulates the actions of the performance within the range of their own motor capabilities. These phenomena are possible due to common mechanisms of action and perception, and in tandem provide the basis for the rich experience of gestural performance.
This paper reviews evidence for these claims, using examples from the domains of music and dance performance. Questions that arise from these propositions are addressed and suggested empirical explorations of these ideas are given. Further problems in incorporating these theories about gestural performance experience within Enaction are highlighted for future discussion.

Motivos de beleza e amor no cancioneiro popular português e sérvio

Tese de doutoramento, Linguística (Linguística Aplicada), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Letras, 2014

Efecto de las pérdidas y ganancias recientes en el riesgo asumido por los automovilistas

Se analiza el efecto de las pérdidas y ganancias recientes sobre la conducta arriesgada y el riesgo percibido en la ejecución del simulador de conducción TIC/PC. Los modelos teóricos analizados coinciden en predecir aumento de la conducta arriesgada tras la pérdida y no modificación tras la ganancia. Los resultados obtenidos no confirman estas predicciones en cuanto al efecto de las pérdidas recientes. Tras las ganancias los sujetos no se diferencian de los controles. En cuanto al riesgo percibido, sólo la Teoría de Riesgo-Cero predice modificaciones tras la pérdida. Si bien nuestros sujetos experimentales perciben menos riesgo tras la pérdida, ello no se traduce en un aumento de la conducta arriesgada. Parece ser que percepción y conducta se rigen por mecanismos diferentes

Understanding women's experience of sexual desire to inform scale development

Interviews with women regarding their experiences of sexual desire informed the development of the Female Sexual Desire Questionnaire. A validation sample of 741 women completed this questionnaire, with six interrelated factors found. These components of sexual desire were labelled: Dyadic Desire, Solitary Desire, Resistance, Positive Relationship, Sexual Self-image, and Concern. The portfolio concludes that a standard evaluation process is needed to assess the effectiveness of men's behaviour change groups (MBCGs), and that such programs should comprise only one component of a comprehensive multifaceted intervention strategy against intimate partner violence (IPV). Four case studies are presented.

Developing eco-agency through education : capacitating agency through learning

The paper is prompted by startling results from large scale international studies that show the dissonance between young people’s sustainability knowledge and the resistance of young people to put into practice. The studies suggest that while students are aware of what they should be doing, as a result of their education about sustainability, they are reluctant to change their behavior and action in their everyday life. These results raise important issues about current models of education and how sustainability is captured within education. The results suggest that no matter how powerful the ideas and how well intentioned the methods of education for sustainable development, translating those ideas into action, beyond classroom and beyond curriculum strategies remain elusive. In order to re-think some aspects of educational practice, the paper examines the notion of agency as a critical component in the understanding of how behavior and actions are organized and integrated by students. By developing a more refined understanding of agency, and incorporating this into educational practice around sustainability, it may be possible to better develop resonant sustainable actions, or eco-agency, supporting the maintenance our environment.

Photography at the chiasm

 This paper works across a number of theories from phenomenology, 'ecological perception' and psychogeography to demonstrate from recent experiments how contemporary photomedia qua the static image, deals with being (noun and verb), and moving, in space. The author presents research findings from inviestigations into photography employing slow shutter speeds and axial panning to render 2D images of 3D spatial effects to show how with one-eyed viewing the images effectively restore the spatial relationships and observer location of the photographed situation.

Educomunicação: uma estratégia para promover o ambiente em uma área de proteção ambiental costeira

This study aimed to evaluate the potential of two public schools in Educommunication related to Environmental Protection Area Jenipabu (APAJ) located in Rio Grande do Norte / Brazil, based on perceptions of educommunicatives practices on the environment as well as perform an action included in the school APAJ. In the first phase of the research were three separate questionnaires designed to identify the actions, practices and experiences of three sets of audiences: teachers, students and parents from both schools. In the second phase, activities were carried out as educomunicatives class actions involving ride, maps of environmental design and construction of a mural on the school newspaper APAJ. We opted for the participant, making the observation in a previous visit to knowledge of the schools, where they made the first contacts with the administrative team, teachers and students, and then the application of semi-structured questionnaire to teachers, students and parents of the 4th and 5 years of elementary school the morning hours. The results showed the detachment of these actors in the knowledge, participation and involvement with APAJ, caused by the absence of actions and actions involving teaching practices educomunicatives students to interact with the environment, taking as its starting point the living space.

Crime, ordem e violência em São Paulo: a percepção do nível de violência urbana no município de Assis

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Caracterização de motor aeronaútico utilizando misturas de gasolina de aviação e etanol: aspectos fluidodinâmicos, termodinâmicos e ecológicos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)