Översättningslärarens evaluerande ställningstaganden – uttryck för lärarens kunskap

Abstract (How the evaluating commentaries of a translation teacher reflect teacher knowledge): Teachers' knowledge has been found in research to be personal and experiential. In this article I discuss teacher knowledge from the perspective of a specific translation teacher. The aim of my study was to discover what kind of knowledge a translation teacher demonstrates when she evaluates her students’ translations. Focusing on attitude expressions in my qualitative analysis, I concentrate on an interview conducted with one teacher, who talks about her students’ translations. On this basis, one may conclude that the teacher’s knowledge is based on her experiences as both a teacher and a native speaker of Swedish.

Form-focused instruction in Irish-medium immersion education: a critical examination of teachers' perspectives and practices. A small-scale qualitative case study

It has been suggested that the less than optimal levels of students’ immersion language “persist in part because immersion teachers lack systematic approaches for integrating language into their content instruction” (Tedick, Christian and Fortune, 2011, p.7). I argue that our current lack of knowledge regarding what immersion teachers think, know and believe and what immersion teachers’ actual ‘lived’ experiences are in relation to form-focused instruction (FFI) prevents us from fully understanding the key issues at the core of experiential immersion pedagogy and form-focused integration. FFI refers to “any planned or incidental instructional activity that is intended to induce language learners to pay attention to linguistic form” (Ellis, 2001b, p.1). The central aim of this research study is to critically examine the perspectives and practices of Irish-medium immersion (IMI) teachers in relation to FFI. The study ‘taps’ into the lived experiences of three IMI teachers in three different IMI school contexts and explores FFI from a classroom-based, teacher-informed perspective. Philosophical underpinnings of the interpretive paradigm and critical hermeneutical principles inform and guide the study. A multi-case study approach was adopted and data was gathered through classroom observation, video-stimulated recall and semistructured interviews. Findings revealed that the journey of ‘becoming’ an IMI teacher is shaped by a vast array of intricate variables. IMI teacher identity, implicit theories, stated beliefs, educational biographies and experiences, IMI school cultures and contexts as well as teacher knowledge and competence impacted on IMI teachers’ FFI perspectives and practices. An IMI content teacher identity reflected the teachers’ priorities as shaped by pedagogical challenges and their educational backgrounds. While research participants had clearly defined instructional beliefs and goals, their roadmap of how to actually accomplish these goals was far from clear. IMI teachers described the multitude of choices and pedagogical dilemmas they faced in integrating FFI into experiential pedagogy. Significant gaps in IMI teachers’ declarative knowledge about and competence in the immersion language were also reported. This research study increases our understanding of the complexity of the processes underlying and shaping FFI pedagogy in IMI education. Innovative FFI opportunities for professional development across the continuum of teacher education are outlined, a comprehensive evaluation of IMI is called for and areas for further research are delineated.

O conhecimento de estatística e da sua didática de futuros professores

Tese de doutoramento, Educação (Didática da Matemática), Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Educação, 2015

Teachers' processes of negotiating meaning of new curriculum

This qualitative study addresses the question of how teachers negotiate meaning of new curriculum to better understand how curriculum is transformed from a theoretical construct to a practical one. Through interviews with 5 teachers, their experiences were examined as they negotiated the process of implementing new curriculum. Three theoretical constructs provided the entry point into the study: epistemology, teacher knowledge, and teacher learning. Using inductive analysis, 4 points or attributes of negotiation emerged: reference, growth, autonomy, and reconciliation. These attributes provided a theoretical framework from which a constructivist conceptualization of teacher learning and teacher knowledge could serve to understand the process of how teachers negotiate meaning of curriculum. Studied and theorized in this way, teacher knowledge and teacher learning are seen to be inextricably linked in a relationship that is dynamically changed by forces of stability and instability. Theorizing the negotiation of meaning from a constructivist epistemology also strengthened the assertion that negotiating meaning is a unique structural process, and that knowledge construction is therefore unique to each knower and subject to experience in a particular time and place. The implications for such a theory are, first, that it questions the legitimacy of privatized teacher practice and, second, that it calls for a renewed conceptualization of collegial network and relationship to strengthen the capacity for negotiating meaning of curricular initiatives. Understanding the relationship of curricular theory and negotiating meaning also has implications for curriculum development. In particular, the study highlights the necessity of professional discretion and the generative process of negotiating meaning.

Les relations entre les caractéristiques socioprofessionnelles, les connaissances, les représentations et les contenus d’enseignement traités en classe par les enseignants responsables d’éducation relative au VIH/SIDA en Afrique du Sud

Il est généralement admis que l’éducation constitue une des stratégies les plus efficaces pour lutter contre le VIH/SIDA et diminuer sa transmission (Gallant et Matika-Tyndale, 2004). À cet effet, plusieurs pays d’Afrique subsaharienne ont inclus des programmes d’éducation au VIH/SIDA dans leur curriculum scolaire afin de contrer l’épidémie (ADEA, 2007). Cependant, l’efficacité de ces programmes éducatifs demeure incertaine. Par exemple, les objectifs des programmes éducatifs, tels que la transmission de connaissances relatives au VIH/SIDA, ou la diminution des comportements sexuels risqués, ne sont pas toujours atteints (Matika-Tyndale, 2009; Oshi, D., Nakalema, S. et Oshi, L, 2005). Le succès d’un programme de lutte et de prévention en milieu scolaire peut être lié aux contenus d’enseignement traités en classe par les enseignants (Ahmed et al., 2009). Les contenus traités dépendent en partie des représentations et des connaissances des enseignants par rapport au(x) sujet(s) qu'ils enseignent et pour des sujets aussi délicats que le VIH/SIDA et la sexualité, cette relation est particulièrement importante. Par exemple, en Afrique du Sud, malgré l’existence d’une politique nationale sur le VIH et l’inclusion des sujets relatifs au VIH/SIDA dans le curriculum scolaire, la mise en oeuvre du programme de lutte et de prévention peut être compromise par la résistance des enseignants à parler de certains sujets controversés (Ahmed et al. 2009; Mathews et al., 2006). Notre étude, menée dans la région de Cape Town en Afrique du Sud, visait à mieux comprendre les relations entre les caractéristiques socioprofessionnelles des enseignants, leurs connaissances, leurs représentations à l’égard de l’éducation relative au VIH/SIDA et les contenus d’enseignement abordés dans le cours life-orientation dédié à l’éducation relative au VIH/SIDA. Au total, 71 enseignants du cours life-orientation provenant de 18 écoles secondaires ont participé à cette étude. Les enseignants ont rempli un questionnaire portant sur leurs caractéristiques socioprofessionnelles (âge, genre, expérience d’enseignement, niveau enseigné et expérience personnelle avec le VIH/SIDA), leurs connaissances, différentes composantes de leurs représentations (attitudes, norme sociale perçue et contrôle comportemental perçu) et les contenus d’enseignement qu’ils abordent en classe. iv Les résultats des analyses des données ainsi recueillies montrent que la norme sociale perçue est la seule composante des représentations reliée aux contenus d’enseignement abordés en classe par l’enseignant. Les attitudes des enseignants envers l’éducation relative au VIH/SIDA sont plutôt favorables, mais plusieurs d’entre eux manifestent des lacunes par rapport à leurs connaissances sur les modes de transmission et de prévention du VIH/SIDA. Par ailleurs, plusieurs croient que le manque de formation et le manque de matériel sont des obstacles à leur enseignement. Les expériences personnelles avec le VIH/SIDA sont associées à des attitudes plus positives chez les enseignants et l’expérience d’enseignement du cours life-orientation est reliée aux connaissances relatives au VIH/SIDA et au contrôle comportemental perçu de l’enseignant. Nos résultats suggèrent également que certains contenus d’enseignement spécifiques de l’éducation relative au VIH/SIDA, tel que l’utilisation des condoms, semblent être particulièrement controversés et source de malaise pour les enseignants. Nos résultats donnent également des pistes de recherches futures s’intéressant à l’amélioration de l’enseignement relatif au VIH/SIDA, notamment au sujet du besoin de formation et de matériel pédagogique supplémentaire, ainsi qu’au sujet de l’influence des membres de la société sur l’enseignement effectué en classe. Notre recherche montre également l’importance de distinguer, en recherche, les différents contenus d’enseignement, plutôt que de considérer de façon globale l’éducation relative au VIH/SIDA.

A prática pedagógica nos “descaminhos” do ensino da língua portuguesa : a formação do leitor para uma vida inteira

O presente trabalho procurou abordar as práticas de leitura desenvolvidas no ensino médio nas aulas de Língua Portuguesa na rede pública estadual de Quipapá-PE, tendo como questão norteadora: a origem do insucesso da formação leitora está focalizada nos educandos ou n ausência de uma ação potencializadora de um educador leitor? Nessa perspectiva, no decorrer deste estudo, são debatidas algumas concepções teóricas e metodológicas que propõem uma reflexão sobre as relações que estruturam as práticas pedagógicas, sugerindo o redimensionamento dos saberes docentes dos professores de Língua Portuguesa e das práticas de leitura. Apontando multiplicidade de fatores envolvidos que dificultam, mas não impossibilitam a necessária adesão à perspectiva de linguagem textual- interacionista como subsídio na libertação do professor de Língua Portuguesa do seu aprisionamento à tradição metodológica do ensino de gramática, em detrimento as atividades de leitura no cotidiano escolar. Posto que a escola como espaço privilegiado para formação de leitores, não tem correspondido às demandas sociais, nem esta tem estado, tem sido priorizada na ação educativa. Visto que a esses profissionais, por vezes, falta clareza a respeito da concepção de linguagem que norteia seu fazer pedagógico, derivado das lacunas em sua formação acadêmica, que resultam em contradições, conflitos, rupturas e permanências, contribuindo para uma visão contraditória das concepções construídas a respeito do seu papel como professor de língua materna. Usamos como aporte teórico as contribuições advindas da linguística aplicada, com base na perspectiva sócio interacionista da linguagem. Do ponto de vista metodológico, optamos pela pesquisa quantitativa e qualitativa com aplicação de questionários aos alunos, itens apresentados sob a modalidade Likert, bem como entrevistas aos professores. Contudo, com a análise, nos veio à confirmação de que no modelo de ensino vigente, a leitura como processo de interação e sentido, não está totalmente efetivada na ação docente, pois as atividades de gramática têm predominado; relegando ao segundo plano a formação do leitor crítico. Em razão disso, coloca-se a questão da aprendizagem do professor que, enquanto sujeito singular que possui uma história de vida, aprende e reconstrói seus saberes na experiência, podendo a partir de novos conhecimentos, para os quais intentamos contribuir, aderir a essa perspectiva teórica. Diante desse contexto apresentado, acreditamos que essa pesquisa pode trazer uma importante contribuição para despertar estes profissionais sobre o tratamento que deve ser dado a leitura por todos os professores, dada a importância decisiva para a formação e o exercício efetivo da cidadania.

Saberes docentes mobilizados no ensino de EJA e sua relevância na vida cotidiana do aluno

A preocupação central desta pesquisa foi compreendermos quais os saberes docentes que o professor de EJA mobiliza na organização do seu trabalho em sala de aula e a relevância desses saberes no cotidiano do aluno de Escolas Estaduais da cidade de Garanhuns, Pernambuco, Brasil. A pesquisa foi conduzida com 100 discentes da EJA que estudam em quatro escolas da referida cidade e com oito docentes que lecionam nas referidas Instituições. Procedeu-se à aplicação de um questionário validado e adaptado aos discentes e uma entrevista semi-estruturada aos docentes dessa modalidade. A análise dos dados quantitativos foi realizada por meio do programa SPSS; enquanto a análise dos dados qualitativos foi orientada pela análise de discurso. Os resultados evidenciaram a falta de formação profissional específica dos docentes para trabalhar com a EJA, bem como a necessidade de uma política educacional voltada para essa modalidade de ensino, visto que, apesar de a maioria dos professores recorrerem aos diferentes saberes adquiridos em sua trajetória, a educação de jovens e adultos ainda expressa um reflexo de exclusão e ideologia apresentando bastante dificuldade. Assim, sugere-se que muito se tem a evoluir para que toda a potencialidade utilizada a favor do ensino de jovens e adultos obtenha sucesso, tanto para construção das práticas pedagógicas de seus docentes quanto para a facilitação do processo de ensino-aprendizagem com os alunos.

Specialpedagogers och speciallärares olika roller och uppdrag : skilda föreställningar möts och möter en pedagogisk praktik

Syftet med artikeln är att belysa olika föreställningar kring specialpedagogers och speciallärares roller och uppdrag samt att förstå varför denna olikhet finns. Syftet är också att problematisera  dessa föreställningar  och synliggöra dilemman som kommer till uttryck i talet om de båda yrkesgruppernas roller och uppdrag.  Bakgrunden till studien är de skilda och ofta disparata uppfattningar som råder om vad yrkesgrupperna ska arbeta med, hur de ska genomföra sina uppdrag och varför. Konsekvenserna av detta kan leda till att uppdrag genomförs på ett sätt som inte står i överensstämmelse med styrdokumentens föreskrivna demokrati-, samhälls- och kunskapsuppdrag. Samtal har genomförts med specialpedagoger, speciallärare utbildade efter 2008 och rektorer. Den metodologiska ansatsen har varit kunskapande samtal. Kunskapande samtal utgår från ett kommunikationsteoretiskt perspektiv och bygger på Jürgen Habermas teori om det kommunikativa handlandet. Karen Barads teori om agentisk realism har använts för att förstå hur olika föreställningar kring roller och uppdrag uppstår, skapas och förändras i samspel med andras uppfattningar men även i samspel med exempelvis rum, texter och metoder. Olika föreställningar om roller och uppdrag belyses liksom dilemman som dessa föreställningar kan ge upphov till då yrkesrollerna möts i, och möter, en pedagogisk praktik. Resultatet visar att specialpedagoger och speciallärare behöver finnas med i det kontinuerliga arbetet ute på skolor och förskolor men att det kan betyda olika slags organisatoriska lösningar för yrkesgrupperna. En fråga som uppstår är om de specialpedagogiska yrkesgrupperna alltid och i alla sammanhang bör finns så nära barnen/eleverna som möjligt eller om det finns grund för ett mer distanserat sätt att arbeta? Författaren föreslår att svensk förskola och skola bör utnyttja det faktum att det finns två olika specialpedagogiska yrkesgrupper och särskilja deras roller och uppdrag på ett tydligt sätt. Om specialpedagogik dessutom tar avstamp i ett kommunikationsteoretiskt perspektiv skapas förutsättningar och möjligheter för barns/elevers lärande utifrån ett inkluderande synsätt.

Avaliação da aprendizagem no no contexto dos ciclos: sentidos da prática avaliativa docente

The present paper analyses matters about the assessment in the context of the school organization in cycles. The complexity that involves the assessment turns it into a difficult subject, since the evidence that the model supported by the traditional approach contributes to foil the fulfillment of new continuous and wide-ranging assessment practices, that are coherent with a view of learning as a process established in the student-teacher-knowledge interaction. This paper has as guidance the following questions: How did the introduction of the teaching organization in cycles happen in Fortaleza/ CE? How far are the teachers prepared to the introduction of the cycles system, specially in the way of thinking and practicing the assessment? What are the teacher s involvements with this project and with the continuous assessment in the cycles? What meanings do the teachers give to the assessment in this project? Therefore, were determined as objectives: to comprehend the meanings attributed to the learning assessment by the teachers in contact with the cycles in Fortaleza/CE; to identify assessment practices that are closer to a less qualifying perspective, more related to the students learning and to the educational intervention in order to improve this process. The methodological orientation chosen was based on the presuppositions of the comprehensible interview, with reference to the studies of the French sociologist Jean Claude Kaufmann, developed with 15 (fifteen) teachers of 15 (fifteen) schools of the state teaching system of Fortaleza/CE. It was considered, in the methodology, the word as a central fact in the consolidation of the object of study, what allows to conceive the teachers as active participants of this research and of the discussions about assessment. The analysis about the speeches in the interviews made possible to glimpse the meanings attributed to the learning assessment that are not related to the traditional paragon, in spite of the dilemma in which the participants of the research faced at the time of the introduction of the cycles in Fortaleza/CE. These meanings were created between the presence and the absence of the teachers knowledge that, in their way, interact with the changes caused by the obligation of the teaching organization in cycles, seeking a strategy of self-organization as a consequence of the search for new knowledge connected with the teaching

Formação docente e gêneros discursivos:o dizer, o saber e o fazer

This master dissertation presented to the Language Studies Post-Graduation Program of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte aims present an analysis about the initial teacher training, the knowledge about discursive genres and its usage in basic education professional classrooms. Therefore, it was analyzed, from teachers of fourth and fifth grades of elementary schools, if the initial training provides enough useful tools to be applied in Portuguese classes, i.e., if during the teacher training process concepts of discursive genres emerge, which of these concepts can be noticed and how this knowledge helps teachers in their classrooms. In order to achieve this aim, it was taken into account studies about the initial teacher training, about the knowledge diversity that is part of the teaching knowledge and also about discursive genres based on Bakhtin‟s conception, which is used in the Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCN). This research is qualitative of interpretative basis and has taken an opened questions questionnaire and classroom observations with audio recording data as corpus of analysis. As results of this investigation, it is possible to emphasize that the initial teacher training has left some gaps in discursive genres concepts and usage in Portuguese classes, that it is not only one kind of knowledge that compound the teacher knowledge and, because of this, working with disciplinarians knowledge, specially about discursive genres, is to emphasize one among many others.

A manifestação dos saberes docentes na prática pedagógica de professores de educação física iniciantes e experientes

Pós-graduação em Educação - IBRC

Mudanças na alfabetização e resistência docente na voz de professoras dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental: implicações das medidas políticas na prática pedagógica

Pós-graduação em Educação Escolar - FCLAR

A geometria em cursos de pedagogia da região de Presidente Prudente-SP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Recurso interpretativo funcional como saber docente no ensino de conteúdos curriculares de matemática

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Ações de formação continuada de professores que ensinam Matemática nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental da rede municipal de Presidente Prudente (SP) e saberes docentes

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)