Naisyrittäjien välinen vertaistuki, Case: Yrittäjyyden Tuki-projekti

Yrittäjyyden Tuki - projekti toimi osana valtakunnallista WomEqual - kehittämiskumppanuushanketta vuosina 2005-2007 tavoitteenaan tukea naisyrittäjien toimintaedellytyksiä kehittäen heille vertaisryhmätoimintaan perustuvaa tukimallia. Tässä tutkimuksessa ensisijaisena tavoitteena on selvittää, miten kyseisen projektin vertaisryhmätoimintaan osallistuneet naisyrittäjät kokivat naisyrittäjien välisen vertaistuen toimintamuotona. Pyrkimyksenä on myös ymmärtää, mitkä seikat sitouttivat naisyrittäjiä vertaisryhmätoimintaan ja mitä he kokivat oppineensa vertaisryhmätoiminnan seurauksena. Lisäksi kiinnostuksen kohteena on tarkastella, kuinka vertaistukiryhmä toimii naisyrittäjien välisen verkostoitumisen välineenä. Tutkimus on laadullinen ja aineistolähtöinen. Tutkimuksen primääriaineisto on kerätty puolistrukturoiduin teemahaastatteluilla ja sekundaariaineisto kyselytutkimuksen avulla. Tutkimustulokset osoittavat, että naisyrittäjät kokevat henkisen ja sosiaalisen tuen tärkeäksi. Toiselta naisyrittäjältä, vertaiselta, saatu tuki koettiin vertaistukiryhmän vahvuudeksi. Vertaisryhmässä oppiminen tapahtui kokemusten jakamisen kautta. Uusien verkostojen luomisessa vertaistukiryhmä ei täysin vastannut odotuksia.

Programa Educatiu per a persones en dol: Aplicació a l’Atenció Primària

El dol és un conjunt de processos psicològics i psicosocials que són resultat de la pèrdua d’un ésser al qual la persona estava vinculada afectivament. Aquest treball presenta un programa d’educació per a la salut per ajudar a superar el procés del dol en l’atenció primària. L’objectiu del programa és proporcionar, a les persones que han patit una pèrdua, els instruments necessaris per a elaborar un bon procés de dol. Proposo un programa d’educació sanitària grupal de 8 sessions. Hi ha marcats uns objectius educatius i de salut, juntament amb uns criteris de resultat. L’avaluació es realitza a través d’un qüestionari i una entrevista individual i una altra grupal, per valorar si s’han aconseguit els objectius proposats. Paraules clau: dol, acompanyament a persones en dol, programa sanitari, atenció primària, suport emocional, teràpia, tècniques de comunicació, grups de suport al dol

Standard care practices and psychosocial interventions aimed at reducing parental distress following stillbirth: A systematic narrative review

Objective: To summarise and critically evaluate the evidence informing the provision of standard care practices and psychosocial interventions following stillbirth. Background: Stillbirth is increasingly recognised as a significant bereavement experience with the potential to cause substantial psychological distress for parents. Standard care practices and psychosocial interventions to support parents have undergone dramatic changes, with limited basis in evidence. Methods: A systematic narrative review was conducted of quantitative studies examining interventions designed to reduce psychological distress in parents following the loss of a stillborn baby. Results: Twenty-five studies met the inclusion criteria for the review. Substantial methodological weaknesses were identified among reviewed studies, including small and heterogeneous loss samples, weak study designs and lack of clarity in reported methods and outcomes. Inadequate replication of many findings substantially limits the generalisability of the evidence. Conclusion: Tentative evidence was found for the provision of mementoes of the baby and information regarding the cause of the loss, support group attendance, and cognitive behavioural interventions for parents identified with clinical levels of distress. Contradictory findings for the impact of contact with the baby prevent the formation of clear conclusions for this practice. Due to the methodological weaknesses prevalent in the research identified, the current evidence base is not considered sufficiently able to reliably inform care practices and intervention approaches. High-quality research evidence in this field is urgently required.

Maanpuolustustahto asevelvollisen koulutuksen ja palveluksen onnistumista selittävänä tekijänä

Lähtökohta tälle tutkimukselle oli havainto siitä, että varusmiehillä maanpuolustustahto ja taisteluluottamus korreloivat. Tämä huomio oli mahdollista tehdä aikaisemmissa varusmiesaineistoilla tehdyissä tutkimuksissa, joissa olin ollut mukana. Tutkimuksen aineistoina olivat useat puolustusvoimissa kerätyt varusmiesten kyselytutkimusaineistot. Vertailuaineistoina käytin reserviläisille kertausharjoituksissa tehtyjen kyselyiden aineistoja. Olennaista oli selvittää, säilyikö havaittu riippuvuus kun muita mahdollisia tekijöitä otettiin huomioon. Tutkimus oli aikaisemmin kerättyjen aineistojen sekundaarianalyysi ja tutkijana en ollut voinut vaikuttaa kyselyjen sisältöön tai käytettyjen muuttujien ja mittareiden valintaan. Aineistot on kerätty kuvaileviin tarkoituksiin ja tästä syystä tämä tutkimus oli tilastollisesti kuvaileva. Keskeiset käytetyt aineistot olivat varusmiesten kotiuttamiskyselyiden eli loppukyselyiden aineistot kaikista varuskunnista vuosilta 2000 – 2008 sekä vuonna 2010 Siilasmaan työryhmää varten kerätty aineisto kolmesta varuskunnasta. Vuoden 2010 varusmiestutkimus oli toteutettu siten, että kysely tehtiin sekä palveluksen alussa että lopussa. Tässä aineistossa käytettiin monipuolisesti varusmiesten psykososiaalisen toimintakyvyn erilaisia mittareita. Maanpuolustustahto on käsitteellisesti laaja kokonaisuus, kuitenkin tässä tutkimuksessa se oli operationalisoitava käytettävissä olleiden osioiden avulla. Maanpuolustustahtoa tarkasteltiin sekä henkilökohtaisena että yleisenä maanpuolustustahtona sekä niiden yhdistelmänä, josta käytettiin myös nimitystä maanpuolustusajattelu. Käsitteellisesti suppeampi taisteluluottamus operationalisoitiin siten, että muuttujana se kuvasi varusmiehen luottamusta aseisiinsa, saamaansa koulutukseen sekä lähiryhmäänsä. Taisteluluottamuksen mittaamisen taustalla oli ajatus siitä, että tämän yksilökohtaisen mittarin keskiarvo on joukon koulutuksen onnistuneisuuden estimaatti. Taisteluluottamus oli tutkimuksessa varsinainen tulosmuuttuja. Tulosten perusteella yksittäisten varusmiesten psykososiaalisessa toimintakyvyssä on eroja. Erityisesti erottui yksittäisenä tekijänä sosiaalisuus, joka summamuuttujana oli muodostettu varusmiestutkimus 2010:n aineistossa Maanpuolustuskorkeakoulun Käyttäytymistieteen laitoksen laatimista osioista. Sosiaalisuus ennusti voimakkaasti varusmiehen etenemistä koulutuksessa aina johtajakoulutukseen saakka. Sosiaalisuuden kontrollointi tilastollisesti ei poistanut maanpuolustusajattelun ja taisteluluottamuksen välistä riippuvuutta. Varusmiestutkimus 2010 aineistossa oli mahdollista tarkastella maanpuolustusajattelun muutosta palvelusaikana ja muutoksen yhteyttä psykososiaalisen toimintakyvyn kuvaajiin. Stressaantumistaipumus ja neuroottisuus olivat yhteydessä maanpuolustustahdon laskuun. Tunteiden hallinnan kyky tuki varusmiehen maanpuolustustahdon ja taisteluluottamuksen kehittymistä. Tilastollinen kuvaus toteutettiin Mplus-ohjelmistolla lasketulla rakenneyhtälömallilla. Aineistoon sopiva malli oli mahdollista löytää. Mallin mukaan sosiaalinen pääoman yksilökohtaisena resurssina antaa mahdollisuuden kehittää ja säilyttää maanpuolustusajattelua, joka on yhteydessä itseluottamuksen luontoiseen taisteluluottamukseen varusmieskoulutuksen päättyessä. Koulutuksen aikana joukkoon kehittynyt kiinteys ja luottamus tukevat tätä kehitystä. Joukkotuotantomallilla saadaan aikaan joukkoja, joissa taisteluluottamus on yleensä tarvittavalla tasolla ja niitä voidaan käyttää osoitettuihin tehtäviin. Kertausharjoitukset ylläpitävät kiinteyttä, taisteluluottamusta ja sitä kautta joukon suorituskykyä. Tutkimuksessa havaittiin myös, että pysyvissä miehistön ryhmissä, joissa ryhmänjohtaja ja/tai jäseniä ei vaihtunut, koulutuksen tulokset olivat parempia kuin muuttuneissa ryhmissä. Edelleen havaittiin, että 12 kuukautta palvelleiden miehistön jäsenten joukossa palvelusmotivaatio laski enemmän kuin muissa varusmiesryhmissä. Yhdestätoista koulutuksen ja tutkimuksen asiantuntijasta koottu ryhmä arvioi tutkimuksen tuloksia sovelletulla Q-menetelmällä Facilitate Pro -ohjelmistoa käyttäen. Menettely tuotti lisänäkökohtia tulosten arviointiin sekä niiden soveltamiseen.

Breastfeeding preterm infant from the delivery ward via nicu to home

The aim of this study was to examine how to support breastfeeding of preterm infants immediately after birth in the delivery ward, during their hospital stay in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), and at home after hospital discharge. Specifically, the role of early physical contact, maternal breastfeeding attitude, and an internet-based peer support group were investigated. The delivery ward practices concerning the implementation of early physical contact between a mother and her infant admitted to a NICU were examined by a structured survey in two hospitals. An Internet-based, breastfeeding peer-support intervention for the mothers of preterm infants was developed and tested in a randomized controlled design with one year follow-up. The main outcomes were the duration of exclusive and overall breastfeeding, expressing milk, and maternal attitude. In addition, the perceptions of mothers of preterm infants were investigated by analyzing the peer-support group discussions with a qualitative approach. The implementation of early physical contact was different between the two hospitals studied and was based more on hospital routines than the physiological condition of the infant. Preterm infants, who were born before a gestational age (GA) of 32 weeks, were hardly ever allowed to have early contact with their mothers. Both, a higher GA and early physical contact predicted earlier initiation and increased frequency of breastfeeding in the NICU. A maternal breastfeeding-favorable attitude predicted increased frequency of breastfeeding in the NICU and also a longer duration of overall breastfeeding. The actual duration of breastfeeding was, however, shorter than the mothers intended in advance. The internet-based, peer-support intervention had no effect on the duration of breastfeeding, expressing milk, or maternal attitude. The participating mothers enjoyed the possibility of sharing their experiences of preterm infants with other mothers in similar situations. Some of the mothers also experienced being given useful advice for breastfeeding. Based on the mothers’ discussions, a process of breastfeeding preterm infants was created. This included some paradoxical elements in the NICU where, for example, breast milk was emphasized over breastfeeding and support in the hospital varied. Hospital discharge was a critical point, when the mothers faced breastfeeding in reality. Over time, the mothers assimilated their breastfeeding experience into part of being a mother. The care practices related to early physical contact in delivery wards need to be re-evaluated to allow more infants to have a moment with the mother. Maternal attitude could be screened prenatally and attitude-focused interventions developed. Breastfeeding support in the NICU should be standardized. Internet-based breastfeeding peer-support intervention was feasible but additional research is needed.

Athletic injury care training in high school coaches

The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand the client and occupational therapist experiences of a mental health group. A secondary aim was to explore the extent to which this group seemed to have reflected a client-centred approach. The topic emerged from personal and professional issues related to the therapist as teacher and to inconsistencies in practice with the profession's client-centred philosophy. This philosophy, the study's frame of reference, was established in terms of themes related to the client-therapist relationship and to client values. Typical practice was illustrated through an extensive literature review. Structured didacticexperiential methods aiming toward skill development were predominant. The interpretive sciences and, to a lesser extent, the critical sciences directed the methodology. An ongoing support group at a community mental health clinic was selected as the focus of the study; the occupational therapist leader and three members became the key participants. A series of conversational interviews, the . core method of data collection, was supplemented by observation, document review, further interviews, and fieldnotes. Transcriptions of conversations were returned to participants for verification and for further reflection Analysis primarily consisted of coding and organizing data according to emerging themes. The participants' experiences of group, presented as narrative stories within a group session vignette, were also returned to participants. There was a common understanding of the group's structure and the importance of having "air time" within the group; however, differences in perceptions of such things as the importance of the group in members' lives were noted. All members valued the therapeutic aspects of group, the role of group as weekly activity and, to a lesser extent, the learning that came from group. The researcher's perspective provided a critique of the group experience from a client-centred perspective. Some areas of consistency with client-centred practice were noted (e.g., therapist attitudes); however the group seemed to function far from a client-centred ideal. Members held little authority in a -relationship dominated by the leaders, and leader agendas rather than member values controlled the session. Possible reasons for this discrepancy ranging from past health care encounters through to co-leader discord emerged. The actual and potential significance of this study was discussed according to many areas of implications: to OT practice, especially client-centred group practice, to theory development, to further areas of research and methodology considerations, to people involved in the group and to my personal growth and development.

Back to School, Back to Normal? Exploring the Lived Experiences of Childhood Cancer Survivors and their Families Throughout the School Re-Entry Process

This study investigated parent and child perspectives of childhood cancer survivors' return to school. Four specific areas were examined including cognitive and academic concerns, social issues, perceived support, and the impact on siblings. Participants consisted of parents and childhood cancer survivors who were recruited through a regional parent support group. Data was collected during a focus group and interviews. Using a descriptive content analysis, results indicated that participants generally received the necessary resources, however issues such as consistency and having to advocate in order to attain these resources served as barriers for the families.

Étude exploratoire du soutien social dans le processus menant à l'hébergement des aînés en perte d'autonomie

Contexte : Au Québec, la très grande majorité des personnes âgées vivent dans un logement conventionnel. Pour celles qui sont en plus grande perte d’autonomie et qui ont besoin d’un environnement adapté à leurs besoins, soit environ 12 % de la population âgée de 65 ans ou plus en 2006, les options sont relativement limitées. Au 1er rang, on retrouve les résidences privées, pour ceux et celles qui en ont les moyens. Pour les autres, il y a les centres de soins de longue durée publics ou privés. Viennent ensuite les organismes sans but lucratif qui opèrent des projets résidentiels pour aînés, les communautés religieuses qui accueillent des personnes âgées dans leurs résidences, les ressources intermédiaires, les ressources de type familial, les habitations à loyer modique pour personnes âgées et les coopératives d’habitation. Les ressources alternatives du type projets novateurs arrivent en dernière position, ce qui explique que l’on en sait encore très peu sur la transition vers ce type d’hébergement. Problème et objet de recherche : La transition vers un milieu de vie substitut est un processus qui peut être potentiellement stressant dans la vie d’une personne âgée. Son réseau de soutien peut être appelé à jouer un rôle important pour l’aider à vivre cette transition avec plus de facilité. Si la littérature sur le soutien social est abondante, elle est plus limitée en ce qui concerne la relation entre le soutien social et la transition en milieu d’hébergement. La plupart des travaux recensés étudient les conséquences de l’hébergement durant les mois qui suivent le relogement. Quelques études analysent le processus décisionnel mais rares sont celles qui s’intéressent à toutes les étapes du processus qui précèdent le relogement. La plupart des recherches analysent surtout le point de vue des aidants et parfois celui des professionnels. Celui des personnes âgées est moins connu. But et objectifs : Le but de cette étude consiste à mieux comprendre comment opèrent les différentes formes de soutien social auprès des personnes âgées durant les diverses étapes du processus de transition en milieu d’hébergement. Plus précisément, elle vise à mieux comprendre comment ces personnes perçoivent les différents types de soutien apporté par leur réseau de soutien durant la transition, la signification que prend pour elles l’aide reçue, les besoins auxquels répond le soutien reçu et pourquoi elles apprécient ou non le soutien reçu. Cadre conceptuel : Cette recherche de type exploratoire et rétrospective se situe dans une approche des parcours de vie. La transition en milieu d’hébergement est étudiée comme un processus faisant partie de la trajectoire résidentielle de la personne. On privilégie une approche interactionnelle et constructiviste du soutien social qui accorde une attention plus grande aux interprétations subjectives des personnes faisant partie des réseaux de soutien. Méthodologie : On a interviewé huit (8) résidents (6 femmes et 2 hommes) de 64 ans ou plus, vivant dans un milieu d’hébergement alternatif de type projet novateur : les Habitations St-Christophe, une ressource alternative située dans la ville de Laval au Québec. Les perceptions des sujets du soutien social reçu durant la transition sont analysées à l’aide de la théorisation ancrée, la plus appropriée pour comprendre de l’intérieur le point de vue des participants. Résultats : L’analyse des perceptions des résidents interviewés du processus qui les a conduits aux Habitations St-Christophe a permis de mieux comprendre l’influence de leurs trajectoires résidentielles, les transitions ayant mené à leur hébergement, leurs perceptions du processus décisionnel et du rôle joué par des tiers dans les décisions prises, ainsi que les motifs de ces décisions, de même que le rôle joué par le soutien social durant la transition. Trois modèles de réseaux ont été identifiés, en tenant compte de la fréquence des contacts, de l’intensité des liens et de la disponibilité du soutien. Les formes les plus importantes de soutien reçu ont été identifiées à partir des perceptions des sujets de l’aide émotionnelle, instrumentale et cognitive fournie pendant la transition et de leur appréciation du soutien reçu. L’analyse a permis d’identifier deux modèles de transition (transition réfléchie, préparée et anticipée versus transition précipitée) et deux modèles de soutien (soutien valorisé versus soutien peu valorisé). Conclusions : Outre les éléments de convergence et les points de divergence observés entre nos résultats et la littérature, un certain nombre d’enseignements ont été retenus au niveau de l’intervention. Ceux-ci concernent les conditions gagnantes à mettre en place par les gestionnaires des services publics, certains principes à respecter dans les interventions, les mesures à prendre pour améliorer les interventions des professionnels et les interventions à mettre en place à l’intention des personnes âgées et de leurs proches aidants.

Une intervention de groupe post-parcours au cœur de l'insertion socioprofessionnelle des jeunes adultes

Essai critique présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l’obtention du grade de maîtrise en Service Social

Propuesta de implementación de ISO 14000 caso Copalsa S.A.,

Debido a la importancia que ha adquirido el tema ambiental dentro de las empresas y en la mente y los hábitos de consumo de los compradores, es importante saber que existe una normatividad la cual sugiere a las compañías cumplir con algunos parámetros

An exploration of the drivers to bio-security collective action among a sample of UK cattle and sheep farmers

At present, collective action regarding bio-security among UK cattle and sheep farmers is rare. Despite the occurrence of catastrophic livestock diseases such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and foot and mouth disease (FMD), within recent decades, there are few national or local farmer-led animal health schemes. To explore the reasons for this apparent lack of interest, we utilised a socio-psychological approach to disaggregate the cognitive, emotive and contextual factors driving bio-security behaviour among cattle and sheep farmers in the United Kingdom (UK). In total, we interviewed 121 farmers in South-West England and Wales. The main analytical tools included a content, cluster and logistic regression analysis. The results of the content analysis illustrated apparent 'dissonance' between bio-security attitudes and behaviour.(1) Despite the heavy toll animal disease has taken on the agricultural economy, most study participants were dismissive of the many measures associated with bio-security. Justification for this lack of interest was largely framed in relation to the collective attribution or blame for the disease threats themselves. Indeed, epidemic diseases were largely related to external actors and agents. Reasons for outbreaks included inadequate border control, in tandem with ineffective policies and regulations. Conversely, endemic livestock disease was viewed as a problem for 'bad' farmers and not an issue for those individuals who managed their stock well. As such, there was little utility in forming groups to address what was largely perceived as an individual problem. Further, we found that attitudes toward bio-security did not appear to be influenced by any particular source of information per se. While strong negative attitudes were found toward specific sources of bio-security information, e.g. government leaflets, these appear to simply reflect widely held beliefs. In relation to actual bio-security behaviours, the logistic regression analysis revealed no significant difference between in-scheme and out of scheme farmers. We concluded that in order to support collective action with regard to bio-security, messages need to be reframed and delivered from a neutral source. Efforts to support group formation must also recognise and address the issues relating to perceptions of social connectedness among the communities involved. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The distributed work of local action: interaction amongst virtually collocated research teams

Existing research on synchronous remote working in CSCW has highlighted the troubles that can arise because actions at one site are (partially) unavailable to remote colleagues. Such ‘local action’ is routinely characterised as a nuisance, a distraction, subordinate and the like. This paper explores interconnections between ‘local action’ and ‘distributed work’ in the case of a research team virtually collocated through ‘MiMeG’. MiMeG is an e-Social Science tool that facilitates ‘distributed data sessions’ in which social scientists are able to remotely collaborate on the real-time analysis of video data. The data are visible and controllable in a shared workspace and participants are additionally connected via audio conferencing. The findings reveal that whilst the (partial) unavailability of local action is at times problematic, it is also used as a resource for coordinating work. The paper considers how local action is interactionally managed in distributed data sessions and concludes by outlining implications of the analysis for the design and study of technologies to support group-to-group collaboration.

Familjemedlem till person med psykossjukdom : bemötande och utanförskap i psykiatrisk vård

This thesis focused on the situation of family members of persons with psychotic illness, particular on their experience of the approach of the healthcare professionals and of their feelings of alienation regarding the professional care of their family member. A further aim was to explore how siblings who have participated in a support group for siblings experienced their situation. A questionnaire was developed that enabled the aims of this thesis to be investigated (I). Seventy family members from various parts of Sweden participated, and data were collected via the questionnaire developed in study I (II-III). Thirteen siblings who previously had participated in a support group participated in follow-up focus groups interviews (IV). The questionnaire developed was shown to be reliable and valid in these studies (I). In many cases, the participants had experienced an approach from professionals that indicated that they did not experience openness, confirmation and cooperation, and that they felt powerless and socially isolated in relation to the care. There was also found to be a certain degree of association between how the participants experienced the approach and whether they felt alienation (II). The majority of the participants considered openness, confirmation, and cooperation to be important aspects of professional’s approach. The result also identified a low level of agreement between the participants’ experience and what they considered to be significant in the professional’s approach (III). The findings revealed the complexity of being a sibling of an individual with psychotic illness. Participating in a support group for siblings can be of importance in gaining knowledge and minimizing feelings of being alone (IV). Although the psychiatric care services in Sweden have been aware of the importance of cooperating with family members, the results indicated that there is a need for further research in this area.

Barn och unga med en nära anhörig som avlidit : Barn och ungas erfarenheter av att delta i stödgrupp

I denna kvalitativa studie har enkäter insamlats från barn och unga som deltagit i stödgruppsverksamhet för barn och unga med en avliden nära anhörig i Dalarnas län. Syftet med studien har varit att beskriva deltagarnas erfarenheter av stödgrupperna. Genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys har tre kategorier identifierats; bearbetning, gemenskap och strukturens betydelse. Studien visar främst på betydelsen av att få träffa andra barn och unga i liknande situation samt indikerar till att deltagarnas KASAM (känsla av sammanhang) förhöjts genom deltagandet i stödgruppen.

Assessing the maturity levei of an organization in its adoption of collaboration technologies

Nowadays there are many information technologies that can make a significant difference to support collaborative efforts in the workspace. The role of IT is to support group collaboration by empowering team members with the right capabilities. One way to assess capabilities is through a maturity model. This paper proposes a first version of the Collaboration-Technology Maturity model (CTMM), aiming to serve as a strategic instrument for IT managers to control and manage the adoption of Collaboration Technologies (CITs) among their organizations. Our contribution is both theoretical and practical as we propose a descriptive maturity model. Nevertheless, it is also an application method and assessment instruments. We also completed an empirical evaluation by conducting 89 assessments at Latin American companies of all sizes and industries. This extensive field exercise allowed us to not only evaluate the usefulness of the model and instruments but also investigate CIT adoption patterns in Latin America in an attempt to collect historical data to further evolve CTMM into a comparative model. Responses were used to provide conclusions on CIT adoption in Latin America with respect to three specific backgrounds: the country of origin (region), size (in number of employees) and industry type. The implications of our findings are discussed for practitioners and researchers.