La percepción del rol sexual de niños y niñas, medida según variables de edad, inteligencia, sexo y status socioecónomico.

Esta tesis pretende verificar la relevancia de la edad, la procedencia socioeconómica, el sexo y la inteligencia sobre el rol sexual. 634 sujetos, alumnos de EGB de varios colegios públicos y privados. Sus edades oscilan entre los 9 y 14 años. 348 son varones y 286 hembras. Se utilizó un diseño factorial completo de factores cruzados, 3x2x2, lo cual supone 12 combinaciones de niveles factoriales. El primer factor era la variable clasificatoria como edad cronológica, con tres niveles: 9-10 años, 11-13 años y 13-14 años. El segundo factor, status socio-económico con dos niveles: bajo y medio. El tercer factor, sexo. El cuarto factor, rol sexual, medido a través de las respuestas de cada sujeto con respecto al Bem Sex Rol Inventory. El quinto factor, inteligencia, medida a través de matrices progresivas Raven. Variables irrelevantes: los experimentadores, la disciplina del aula, hora y lugar. Test de inteligencia de Raven. Prueba de rol sexual, Bem Sex Role Inventory. 1. No existe relación causal entre inteligencia y rol sexual ni en los sujetos varones ni en las hembras. 2. La edad y el status socioeconómico determinan el rol sexual. 3. Los varones de 13 y 14 años y de status socioeconómico medio tienen un rol sexual más masculino que los varones de procedencia socioeconómica baja de la misma edad. 4. Las niñas, independientemente de la edad y la procedencia socioeconómica, tienen un rol sexual marcadamente femenino. 5. El sexo de un sujeto determina la conducta y actitudes que configuran y definen su rol sexual. 6. Las niñas son más femeninas que los niños masculinos, en cualquier edad y status socioeconómico. Los resultados de esta investigación fueron contrastados con las cinco teorías vigentes sobre el rol sexual: cognitiva, refuerzo, modelado, psicoanálisis e interaccionismo simbólico, observándose una divergencia con las predicciones de la hipótesis cognitiva, y un ajuste parcial con las Teorías del Refuerzo, Psicoanálisis e Interaccionismo Simbólico.

La percepción del rol sexual de niños y niñas medida según variables de edad, sexo, inteligencia y status socioeconómico.

Aportar nuevos datos empíricos sobre el rol sexual que permitan reforzar o rebatir las posiciones teóricas actuales. Hipótesis: la inteligencia determina el rol sexual masculino y femenino. El status socioeconómico y la edad determinan el rol sexual. El sexo determina el rol sexual. Se eligieron a 634 alumnos de EGB pertenecientes a colegios privados y públicos de la provincia de Tenerife. La elección se hizo de un total de 423 colegios públicos y de 141 colegios privados. La edad oscilaba entre 9 y 14 años. Se lleva a cabo un estudio correlacional con las variables sexo, edad, status socioeconómico, inteligencia y socialización. Se contrastan los resultados con las cinco teorías vigentes sobre el rol sexual. Test de matrices progresivas de Raven, escala especial (aplicada hasta los 12 años). Entrevistas. Cuestionario 'Bem Sex Role Inventory'. La técnica del Braimstorming. La interpretación de los datos depende fundamentalmente de los presupuestos teóricos utilizados. Se observa una divergencia con las predicciones de la hipótesis cognitiva, y un ajuste parcial con las teorías del refuerzo, modelado, psicoanalítica e interaccionismo simbólico.

Relação entre percepção de género e incidência de mobbing nas organizações

Os objectivos propostos prenderam-se em analisar as relações existentes entre mobbing e papéis de género, numa amostra de adultos profissionalmente activos e estudar as diferenças entre sexos. Foi utilizada uma amostra de 200 profissionais de empresas privadas e públicas do sector dos serviços, com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 68 anos (M=38.92; DP=9.90). Como instrumentos foram usados a Escala de mobbing Portuguesa (EMP; VAz-Serra, Ramalheira, Moura-Ramos, & Homem, 2005) e o Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI; Bem, 1974). Os resultados mostraram que os participantes do sexo masculino relatam ter sofrido mais ofensas à qualidade profissional e que não existiram quaisquer outras diferenças entre géneros; os participantes entre os 18 e os 29 anos foram os que mais sofreram ofensas à qualidade profissional e à situação de vida; os participantes com licenciatura ou superior relatam ser mais vítimas por pressão ligada ás tarefas; os participantes com profissões não especializadas são os que mais sofrem depreciação e desconfiança e os técnicos superiores os que menos as sofrem. Conclui-se ainda que, ao contrário do esperado, não existe relação entre papéis de género e mobbing, podendo este facto dever-se a alterações culturais ao nível dos papéis tradicionais de género.

Men and gender relations

Discusses theoretical, political and personal perspectives on men's lives within the context of patriarchal gender relations and examines the potential for men to move beyond patriarchy towards egalitarian non-exploitative relations with women.

Psychological correlates of perception of sexual intent in women

In a sample of 183 men and 186 women, the authors assessed (a) the relative contributions of gender and level of nonverbal social cues to the perception of a female actor's sexual intent during a videotaped social interaction with a man and (b) the association between those variables and personality traits implicated in faulty sexual-information processing. The authors assessed those variables while the participants viewed 1 of 3 film segments depicting a female-male interaction. The authors experimentally manipulated eye contact, touch, physical proximity, and female clothing. At all levels of those nonverbal cues, the men perceived more sexual intent in the female actor than did the women. The perception of the female actor's sexual intent increased as the nonverbal cues in the film segments were magnified: Both actors displayed more eye contact, touch, and physical proximity, and the female actor wore more revealing clothing. Relative to the women, the men demonstrated greater sexual preoccupation and reduced sociosexual effectiveness, variables associated with inferring greater sexual intent in the female actor.

Child testimony in custody cases: a review

The authors provide a brief historical review of judicial trends in child custody placement. In contrast to the start of the 19th century, by its end, courts took into consideration children's best interests, maternal rights, and prevailing sex role ideologies. Statutory changes began to reflect similar concerns by the end of that century. Modern practices, relying on the best interests of the child standard, also include consistent consideration of children's preferences in making custody determinations. An important factor in this context is the accuracy with which a child describes domestic relations, especially in contested cases with contradictory allegations by parents. Research dealing with children's report accuracy and techniques to enhance it are reviewed, and a description of various practical considerations when questioning children is provided.

Breaking the cultural mould : the key to women`s career success

This white paper explores the role of organisational culture in either supporting or constraining the success of women in the workplace and investigates the benefits of gender diversity and what organisations can do to prevent ongoing gender bias.

International encyclopedia of men and masculinities

Offers a comprehensive guide to the current state of scholarship about men, masculinities and gender around the world. Michael Flood from La Trobe University, and Bob Pease from Deakin University.

Wait no more : the use of private dental services by welfare recipients in Australia

Dental services in Australia are available both privately and publicly. However, access to public dental services, like access to public hospital services for non-urgent treatment, is subject to a considerable waiting period. Moreover, access to public dental services is restricted to certain categories of welfare beneficiaries who qualify for a health care card. Because of the waiting time for public treatment, there is a frequent call for more public dental resources. This paper addresses the issue of what the waiting time for public dental services represents. One view largely confirmed by our research is that state governments are using the waiting time as a way of trying to push more and more people into the private sector. We find that more and more health care card holders are using the
private sector for dental services.