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Influence des liens sédimentaires sur la distribution du périphyton et des juvéniles de saumon atlantique (Salmo salar) dans une rivière du Bouclier canadien

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Réponse métabolique du saumon Atlantique (Salmo salar) aux fluctuations journalières de température : rôles de la température d’acclimatation et de l’historique thermique

En général, le métabolisme des poissons est estimé à des valeurs de température constantes, mais les effets de fluctuations journalières de température similaires à celles retrouvées en milieu naturel semblent peu connus. Les objectifs du présent mémoire sont de quantifier les effets de la température moyenne d’acclimatation et d’évaluer les effets de l’historique thermique des individus, sur les réponses métaboliques de tacons de saumon Atlantique (Salmo salar) aux fluctuations journalières de la température. Des tacons provenant de deux rivières, une fraîche et une chaude, ont été acclimatés à un maximum de quatre régimes thermiques (constant 15 °C ou 20 °C, fluctuant 15 °C ± 2.5 °C ou 20 °C ± 2.5 °C) et leur taux métabolique standard estimés par respirométrie par débit-intermittent. Les fluctuations journalières de température (15 °C ± 2.5 °C) près de l’optimum thermique pour cette espèce (16 °C) n’affectent pas le taux métabolique standard. À l’opposé, les fluctuations journalières de température plus chaudes (20 °C ± 2.5 °C) augmentent de 35.4% le taux métabolique standard des tacons de la rivière plus chaude, mais pas ceux des poissons de la rivière fraîche. Ainsi, la température moyenne à laquelle sont acclimatés les poissons peut affecter leur réponse métabolique aux fluctuations journalières de température, mais cette réponse peut varier entre populations provenant de rivières présentant des régimes thermiques différents. Enfin, grâce aux données de métabolisme précédemment estimées, un modèle de métabolisme standard a été développé pour des tacons de saumon Atlantique soumis à des fluctuations journalières de température.

Entre la gobernanza social e institucional: Una mirada al fenómeno de la trata de personas en Colombia en el período entre 2000 y 2012

La presente monografía tiene por objetivo identificar la influencia de las acciones emprendidas por la sociedad civil y las organizaciones internacionales frente a la problemática de la trata de personas en Colombia, durante el período comprendido entre los años 2000 y 2012. En este sentido, la investigación constituye un esfuerzo por develar las transformaciones en las narrativas institucionales que han posibilitado el reconocimiento de los elementos de prevención y centralidad de las víctimas, como ejes articuladores del discurso gubernamental frente a la trata de personas. Para ello, se hace uso de la teoría de la gobernanza global enmarcada en el enfoque constructivista de las Relaciones Internacionales, en tanto permite establecer una relación entre las acciones de los diferentes actores y el impacto de estas en la construcción de estrategias nacionales para hacer frente a problemáticas que, como la trata de personas, se encuentran en estrecha relación con el mundo globalizado.

El proceso de desinternamiento de j??venes ex tutelados para favorecer una inserci??n sociolaboral positiva : an??lisis de la situaci??n actual en los centros residenciales de acci??n educativa de Catalu??a

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Aproximaci??n conceptual e identificaci??n de predictores de riesgo te??ricos en j??venes conductores : un punto de partida para contribuir en la reducci??n de accidentes de tr??fico

Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n

Basis set superposition error-counterpoise corrected potential energy surfaces : application to hydrogen peroxide ... X (X=F-, Cl-, Br-, Li+, Na+) complexes

Møller-Plesset (MP2) and Becke-3-Lee-Yang-Parr (B3LYP) calculations have been used to compare the geometrical parameters, hydrogen-bonding properties, vibrational frequencies and relative energies for several X- and X+ hydrogen peroxide complexes. The geometries and interaction energies were corrected for the basis set superposition error (BSSE) in all the complexes (1-5), using the full counterpoise method, yielding small BSSE values for the 6-311 + G(3df,2p) basis set used. The interaction energies calculated ranged from medium to strong hydrogen-bonding systems (1-3) and strong electrostatic interactions (4 and 5). The molecular interactions have been characterized using the atoms in molecules theory (AIM), and by the analysis of the vibrational frequencies. The minima on the BSSE-counterpoise corrected potential-energy surface (PES) have been determined as described by S. Simón, M. Duran, and J. J. Dannenberg, and the results were compared with the uncorrected PES

Supplementation with fruit and vegetable soups and beverages increases plasma carotenoid concentrations but does not alter markers of oxidative stress or cardiovascular risk factors

This study was aimed at determining whether an increase of 5 portions of fruits and vegetables in the form of soups and beverages has a beneficial effect on markers of oxidative stress and cardiovascular disease risk factors. The study was a single blind, randomized, controlled, crossover dietary intervention study. After a 2-wk run-in period with fish oil supplementation, which continued throughout the dietary intervention to increase oxidative stress, the volunteers consumed carotenoid-rich or control vegetable soups and beverages for 4 wk. After a 10-wk wash-out period, the volunteers repeated the above protocol, consuming the other intervention foods. Both test and control interventions significantly increased the % energy from carbohydrates and decreased dietary protein and vitamin B-12 intakes. Compared with the control treatment, consumption of the carotenoid-rich soups and beverages increased dietary carotenoids, vitamin C, alpha-tocopherol, potassium, and folate, and the plasma concentrations of alpha-carotene (362%), beta-carotene (250%) and lycopene (31%) (P < 0.01) and decreased the plasma homocysteine concentration by 8.8% (P < 0.01). The reduction in plasma homocysteine correlated weakly with the increase in dietary folate during the test intervention (r = -0.35, P = 0.04). The plasma antioxidant status and markers of oxidative stress were not affected by treatment. Consumption of fruit and vegetable soups and beverages makes a useful contribution to meeting dietary recommendations for fruit and vegetable consumption.

Moving the nanoscience and technology (NST) debate forwards: short-term impacts, long-term uncertainty and the social constitution

Nanoscience and technology (NST) are widely cited to be the defining technology for the 21st century. In recent years, the debate surrounding NST has become increasingly public, with much of this interest stemming from two radically opposing long-term visions of a NST-enabled future: ‘nano-optimism’ and ‘nano-pessimism’. This paper demonstrates that NST is a complex and wide-ranging discipline, the future of which is characterised by uncertainty. It argues that consideration of the present-day issues surrounding NST is essential if the public debate is to move forwards. In particular, the social constitution of an emerging technology is crucial if any meaningful discussion surrounding costs and benefits is to be realised. An exploration of the social constitution of NST raises a number of issues, of which unintended consequences and the interests of those who own and control new technologies are highlighted.

Advanced functionality for radio analysis in the Offline software framework of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The advent of the Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) necessitates the development of a powerful framework for the analysis of radio measurements of cosmic ray air showers. As AERA performs ""radio-hybrid"" measurements of air shower radio emission in coincidence with the surface particle detectors and fluorescence telescopes of the Pierre Auger Observatory, the radio analysis functionality had to be incorporated in the existing hybrid analysis solutions for fluorescence and surface detector data. This goal has been achieved in a natural way by extending the existing Auger Offline software framework with radio functionality. In this article, we lay out the design, highlights and features of the radio extension implemented in the Auger Offline framework. Its functionality has achieved a high degree of sophistication and offers advanced features such as vectorial reconstruction of the electric field, advanced signal processing algorithms, a transparent and efficient handling of FFTs, a very detailed simulation of detector effects, and the read-in of multiple data formats including data from various radio simulation codes. The source code of this radio functionality can be made available to interested parties on request. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The direct determination of rare earth elements in basaltic and related rocks using ICP-MS: Testing the efficiency of microwave oven sample decomposition procedures

Tests are described showing the results obtained for the determination of REE and the trace elements Rb, Y, Zr, Nb, Cs, Ba, Hf, Ta, Pb, Th and U with ICP-MS methodology for nine basaltic reference materials, and thirteen basalts and amphibolites from the mafic-ultramafic Niquelandia Complex, central Brazil. Sample decomposition for the reference materials was performed by microwave oven digestion (HF and HNO(3), 100 mg of sample), and that for the Niquelandia samples also by Parr bomb treatment (5 days at 200 degrees C, 40 mg of sample). Results for the reference materials were similar to published values, thus showing that the microwave technique can be used with confidence for basaltic rocks. No fluoride precipitates were observed in the microwave-digested solutions. Total recovery of elements, including Zr and Hf, was obtained for the Niquelandia samples, with the exception of an amphibolite. For this latter sample, the Parr method achieved a total digestion, but not so the microwave decomposition; losses, however, were observed only for Zr and Hf, indicating difficulty in dissolving Zr-bearing minerals by microwave acid attack.

Estudo da hidrogenação catalítica de NBR

Neste trabalho temos o Estudo da Hidrogenação Catalítica de NBR em meio Homogêneo, empregando complexos dos metais de transição. Nos experimentos de hidrogenação foram testados os complexos de paládio e rutênio em duas etapas diferentes. Para estes complexos, foram estudados os efeitos de temperatura, pressão, tempo e concentração de catalisador. Ainda, investigou-se os efeitos do teor de sólido de NBR em solução. Os solventes utilizados foram acetona e metiletilcetona. A Hidrogenação do Butadieno-Acrilonitrila (NBR) foi realizado em escala laboratorial num reator Parr de 1 L. No sistema utilizando o complexo de Paládio, as duplas ligações foram totalmente convertidas nas condições de 60 °C, 27 atm, 2 g de NBR, 58 mg de catalisador e 1 h de reação. Nas reações com o complexo de Rutênio, a conversão total ocorreu nas condições de 140 °C, 40 atm, 10 g de NBR, 60 mg de catalisador e 8 h de reação. As Hidrogenações de NBR mostraram-se efetiva para ambos os catalisadores atingindo a máxima conversão (100% em mol) nos dois sistemas. No entanto, o sistema utilizando catalisador de rutênio mostrou-se mais efetivo e viável para a produção de HNBR em escala industrial.

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION of OCULOMETRIC VARIABLES IN GRAVES' OPHTHALMOPATHY

OBJECTIVES: To estimate oculometric parameters of Graves' ophthalmopathy in comparison to healthy eyes using digital photography and digital image analysis.INTRODUCTION: Graves' ophthalmopathy is the main cause of eye proptosis. Because these protrusions cause clinically perceived distortions in orbital architecture, digital photographs can be used to detect and quantify these changes.METHODS: We carried out a cross-sectional study comprising 12 healthy volunteers and 15 Graves' ophthalmopathy patients with the purpose of evaluating the use of simple, non-invasive digital photography to estimate oculometric parameters of Graves' ophthalmopathy and compare them with the parameters of unaffected eyes. Facial photographs of cases and controls were taken in a standardized manner. Oculometric parameters were compared between the groups and then correlated to proptometer measures.RESULTS: All estimated oculometric variables showed significant differences between the groups, in particular with regard to mediopupilar aperture, lateral height, distance from the iris edge to the lateral boundary of the palpebral fissure, and distance from the higher point of the iris to the lateral limit of the palpebral fissure. The product of medial aperture and horizontal palpebral fissure also revealed greater discrepancy between the groups. Proptometer measures showed significant linear correlation between the distance from the iris edge to the lateral boundary of the palpebral fissure and between the distance from the higher point of the iris to the lateral limit of palpebral fissure (p<0.05).CONCLUSIONS: Comparative analysis of oculometric parameters in Graves' ophthalmopathy suggests that eye proptosis is related to an asymmetric increase in lateral oculometric measures. Standardized digital photographs can be used in clinical practice to objectively estimate oculometric parameters of Graves' ophthalmopathy patients.

Avaliação da silagem de milho das variedades granífera e forrageira no desempenho de bovinos das raças nelore e cachim em regime de confinamento

The experiment was carried out to evaluate corn grain and corn forage varieties productivity and nutritive value for silage comparing to the performance of Nellore and Canchim cattle in a feedlot. A completely randomized design was used with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement based on two breeds (Nellore and Canchim) and two corn varieties (grain and forage). Harvest was made after 120 days sowing, when plants showed more than 2/3 of dry. leaves and grains were in dough stage. The silage was stored in a 400 tons. The experimental diet consisted of grain and forage corn silage, 7,2 liters of liquid yeast (1,5 kg of dry yeast/ head/day) and 1,1 kg of ground corn (1,0 kg of dry matter/head/day). The experiment duration was 110 days, with a 20 days adaptation period and 90 days for data collection. Animals were regularly weighted every 28 days. It was concluded that corn grain was more appropriate for silage than corn forage, and in the same stage it showed a higher dry matter content and a 41.3% higher grain yield, promoting higher weight gain and better feed/gain ratio in the feedlot beef cattle.