977 resultados para oxidação de sulfetos
Resumo:
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da adição de linhaça‑dourada e derivados sobre os teores de colesterol e a oxidação lipídica em hambúrguer bovino. Foram elaborados hambúrgueres com 5,0% de óleo, ou farinha, ou sementes de linhaça‑dourada, além de uma formulação‑controle (sem adição de linhaça ou derivados). Os hambúrgueres foram mantidos congelados, a ‑18ºC, por 90 dias. Determinou-se o teor de colesterol e a estabilidade oxidativa dos produtos crus e grelhados. Os menores teores de colesterol foram observados nos produtos com óleo de linhaça. No entanto, a adição de linhaça e derivados aumentou a oxidação lipídica em hambúrguer bovino (maiores valores de malonaldeído), após o armazenamento.
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Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as relações entre os métodos de oxidação úmida e combustão a alta temperatura, utilizados em determinações do carbono da biomassa microbiana, e verificar a necessidade do uso de fatores de correção entre os dois métodos. Foram utilizadas 96 amostras de solo, coletadas à profundidade de 0-10 cm em Latossolos Vermelhos argilosos de Cerrado, sob cultivos anuais, pastagens, eucalipto e vegetação nativa. O carbono da biomassa microbiana foi determinado a partir de extratos de K2SO4, pelo método de fumigação-extração, por meio de oxidação úmida com dicromato de potássio com aquecimento externo, e por combustão a alta temperatura em analisador de C orgânico total. Observou-se relação linear positiva e significativa entre os teores de C orgânico determinados pelos dois métodos. O método de combustão a alta temperatura detecta, em média, 6,3% mais C orgânico do que o método por oxidação úmida.
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Este experimento teve como objetivo avaliar a influência de diferentes concentrações de ferro, cobre e zinco do meio MS (MURASHIGE & SKOOG, 1962) no controle da oxidação de explantes iniciais de bananeira-Prata (Musa AAB). Foram utilizadas três concentrações (100, 50 e 0 miM) de FeEDTA, duas concentrações (0,1 e 0miM) de (CuSO4).5H2O e duas concentrações (30 e 0miM) de (ZnSO4).7H2O, num delineamento inteiramente casualizado, arranjado em um fatorial completo 3 x 2 x 2, utilizando-se de 15 repetições. Ápices caulinares foram inoculados em meio MS modificado e, decorridos 28 dias após a inoculação, avaliaram-se a massa de matéria fresca, altura e grau de oxidação. Observou-se que esses micronutrientes são essenciais para o crescimento dos explantes e que a concentração de ferro influencia na oxidação de explantes, sendo que maiores graus de escurecimento foram observados nas concentrações mais elevadas. A redução ou retirada destes elementos do meio MS, isoladamente ou em combinações, não foi suficiente para eliminar a oxidação dos explantes.
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Avaliaram-se diferentes concentrações de sais do meio MS (Murashige & Skoog, 1962), freqüência de subcultivos e adição de ácido ascórbico ao meio de cultura, objetivando o controle da oxidação de explantes de bananeira-'Prata' (Musa AAB) na fase de estabelecimento. Os tratamentos constituíram-se das diluições dos sais do meio MS (100%, 50% e 33,33%), subcultivos (a cada 7 dias, a cada 14 dias e a cada 28 dias) e ácido ascórbico (0 e 25 mg L-1). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, cujos tratamentos foram arranjados em um fatorial 3 x 2 x 2. Utilizaram-se 15 repetições. As avaliações relativas à massa da matéria fresca, altura e oxidação foram feitas aos 28 dias após a inoculação. Quando o período de subcultivos foi maior (28 dias), o crescimento em massa da matéria fresca foi reduzido em função da redução da concentração de sais do meio MS. Para meios de cultura menos concentrados e freqüência maiores de subcultivos, não houve necessidade da adição do ácido ascórbico para a redução do escurecimento e houve uma tendência de maior crescimento em massa dos explantes.
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Pimaradienes, including isopimaradienes, with an endocyclic double bond between C-9 and C-11 are uncommon compounds in nature. The diterpenoid pimar-9(11),15-dien-19-oic acid (1) was isolated from Mikania triangularis (Asteraceae) and the correct stereochemistry of 1was established by ¹H and 13C NMR studies of several oxidative products, mainly epoxides, of this compound and its double bond isomers.
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A brief review of the chemistry of dimethyldioxirane is presented. This article specifically foccus on the preparation of dimethyldioxirane, its chemical reactivity, and specially on the oxidation of sulfur compounds.
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In this work several methods for evaluation of the degree of lipid oxidation and antioxidant activity are reviewed. Some aspects related to the recent advances mentioned in the literature are also reported.
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Selectivity studies for the determination of Cr(VI) using the catalytic oxidation of the o-dianisidine by hydrogen peroxide showed two distincts situations. In the first, when interferents were studied by a univariate procedure, Cr(III) and Cu(II) cause serious interferences even at the 2:1 proportion, relative to Cr(VI), while Fe(III) interfered at the 15:1 ratio and EDTA at the 10:1 ratio. On the other hand, when a multivariate investigation was performed, Cr(III) did not present any significant principal effects and its significant interaction effects were negative, in contrast to EDTA, that presented positive interaction effects although, like Cr(III), did not show significant interaction effects. In view of the interferent's action it become necessary to separate Cr(VI) by extraction with methylisobutylketone in a chloridric acid medium before its determination in vegetals and in wastewater from a cellulose industry samples. Using this procedure, the method precision is ±0,5% at the 10 ng/mL Cr(VI) concentration level. The detection and quantification limits, calculated by means of absorbance measurements of ten replicates of blank reagents were 1,1 and 3,2 ng/mL, respectively. The results obtained with real samples showed a relative standard deviation between 1,2% and 3,0% relative to their reference values.
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The oxidation process of sulfur (IV) species (SO2, HSO3- e SO32-) by oxygen, catalysed by trace metal ion and complexes, can play an important role in atmospheric, analytical and bioinorganic chemistry. An overview of the most important reactions in these fields is presented. A fascinating redox cycling of the metal ions and complexes during such autoxidation process was revealed by the combination of kinetics and coordination chemistry studies.
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The kinetic parameters for the CO oxidation reaction using copper/alumina-modified ceria as catalysts were determined. The catalysts with different concentrations of the metals were prepared using impregnation methods. In addition, the reduction-oxidation behaviour of the catalysts were investigated by temperature-programmed reduction. The activity results show that the mechanism for CO oxidation is bifunctional : oxygen is activated on the anionic vacancies of ceria surface, while carbon monoxide is adsorbed preferentially on the higher oxidation copper site. Therefore, the reaction occurs on the interfacial active centers. Temperatures-programmed Reduction patterns show a higher disperdion when cerium oxide is present.
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Rutheniumporphyrins, especially with several nitro groups in b-positions, were used in the cyclohexane oxidation in the presence of iodosylbenzene, hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite as oxygen donors, under mild conditions. The beta-polynitrated complexes were able to promote the catalytic cyclohexane oxidation. They show an exceptionally high catalytic efficiency and resistance to attack by strong oxidizing agents. The cyclohexane oxidation was monitored by gas chromatography and the results showed that the beta-polynitrated rutheniumporphyrins are better catalysts when compared to other complexes not beta-polynitrated. In all cases, the 2-phenylsubstituted complexes were more efficient than 4-phenylsubstituted complexes. The importance of the ortho effect to oxidation was shown.
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The oxidation of alcohols to obtain ketones, aldehydes or carboxylic acids is a fundamental transformation in organic synthesis and many reagents are known for these conversions. However, there is still a demand for mild and selective reagents for the oxidation of alcohols in the presence of other functional groups. As an alternative, the nitroxyl radical TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl) has been demonstrated to be a useful reagent for the transformation of alcohols. The oxidation of alcohols using TEMPO is often efficient, fast, selective, made in mild conditions and can tolerate sensitive functional groups. In this article we report different methodologies using TEMPO in the oxidation of alcohols.
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This study presents the bactericidal activity of titanium dioxide photocatalysis, using as model Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas sp. cells. It was observed that the process efficiency is related to initial cell concentration, light intensity, UV irradiation exposure time, TiO2 concentration increase. The ultimate removal efficiency was above 99.9%.
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This work presents the electrochemical and quantum chemical studies of the oxidation of the tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline (AM) employing a carbon-polyurethane composite electrode (GPU) in a 0.1 mol L-1 BR buffer. The electrochemical results showed that the oxidation of AM occurs irreversibly at potentials close to 830 mV with the loss of one electron and one proton and is controlled by reagent and product adsorption. According to the PM3 results, the atom C16 is the region of highest probability for the oxidation of AM since it has the largest charge variation.
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This work discusses the electrocatalytic processes taking place in the polymer electrolyte fuel cell electrodes, specifically the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) and the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), because these are clear examples of electrochemical reactions favored by the use of electrocatalysts. Since the gaseous reactants are very little soluble in the electrolyte, the use of special electrodes, named gas diffusion electrodes, is required to promote easy and continuous access of reactant gases to the electrocatalytic sites. Besides this, other important aspects such as the use of spectroscopic techniques and of theoretical models to improve the knowledge of the electrocatalytic systems are shortly discussed.