New Granada Medium for detection and identification of group B streptococci.

A methotrexate-containing medium for the detection of beta-hemolytic group B streptococci from clinical specimens on the basis of detection of pigment is described. The medium contained peptone, starch, serum, MgSO4, glucose, pyruvate, methotrexate (as pigment enhancer), phosphate-morpholine-propanesulfonic acid buffer, and selective agents. The recovery of beta-hemolytic group B streptococci was comparable to that obtained with selective broth.

An international university network for online teaching of pathology in Frenchspeaking countries

Introduction: Building online courses is a highly time consuming task for teachers of a single university. Universities working alone create high-quality courses but often cannot cover all pathological fields. Moreover this often leads to duplication of contents among universities, representing a big waste of teacher time and energy. We initiated in 2011 a French university network for building mutualized online teaching pathology cases, and this network has been extended in 2012 to Quebec and Switzerland. Method: Twenty French universities (see & for details), University Laval in Quebec and University of Lausanne in Switzerland are associated to this project. One e-learning Moodle platform (http://moodle.sorbonne-paris-cite.fr/) contains texts with URL pointing toward virtual slides that are decentralized in several universities. Each university has the responsibility of its own slide scanning, slide storage and online display with virtual slide viewers. The Moodle website is hosted by PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, and financial supports for hardware have been obtained from UNF3S (http://www.unf3s.org/) and from PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité. Financial support for international fellowships has been obtained from CFQCU (http://www.cfqcu.org/). Results: The Moodle interface has been explained to pathology teachers using web-based conferences with screen sharing. The teachers added then contents such as clinical cases, selfevaluations and other media organized in several sections by student levels and pathological fields. Contents can be used as online learning or online preparation of subsequent courses in classrooms. In autumn 2013, one resident from Quebec spent 6 weeks in France and Switzerland and created original contents in inflammatory skin pathology. These contents are currently being validated by senior teachers and will be opened to pathology residents in spring 2014. All contents of the website can be accessed for free. Most contents just require anonymous connection but some specific fields, especially those containing pictures obtained from patients who agreed for a teaching use only, require personal identification of the students. Also, students have to register to access Moodle tests. All contents are written in French but one case has been translated into English to illustrate this communication (http://moodle.sorbonne-pariscite.fr/mod/page/view.php?id=261) (use "login as a guest"). The Moodle test module allows many types of shared questions, making it easy to create personalized tests. Contents that are opened to students have been validated by an editorial committee composed of colleagues from the participating institutions. Conclusions: Future developments include other international fellowships, the next one being scheduled for one French resident from May to October 2014 in Quebec, with a study program centered on lung and breast pathology. It must be kept in mind that these e-learning programs highly depend on teachers' time, not only at these early steps but also later to update the contents. We believe that funding resident fellowships for developing online pathological teaching contents is a win-win situation, highly beneficial for the resident who will improve his knowledge and way of thinking, highly beneficial for the teachers who will less worry about access rights or image formats, and finally highly beneficial for the students who will get courses fully adapted to their practice.

Identification of carotenoids using mass spectrometry

The present review compiles positive MS fragmentation data of selected carotenoids obtained using various ionization techniques and matrices. In addition, new experimental data from the analysis of carotenoids in transgenic maize and rice callus are provided. Several carotenes and oxygen-functionalized carotenoids containing epoxy, hydroxyl, and ketone groups were ionized by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) in positive ion mode. Thus, on the basis of the information obtained from the literature and our own experiments, we identified characteristic carotenoid ions that can be associated to functional groups in the structures of these compounds. In addition, pigments with a very similar structure were differentiated through comparison of the intensities of their fragments. The data provide a basis for the structural elucidation of carotenoids by mass spectrometry (MS).

Identification of imaging selection patterns in acute ischemic stroke patients and the influence on treatment and clinical trial enrollment decision making.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: For the STroke Imaging Research (STIR) and VISTA-Imaging Investigators The purpose of this study was to collect precise information on the typical imaging decisions given specific clinical acute stroke scenarios. Stroke centers worldwide were surveyed regarding typical imaging used to work up representative acute stroke patients, make treatment decisions, and willingness to enroll in clinical trials. METHODS: STroke Imaging Research and Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive-Imaging circulated an online survey of clinical case vignettes through its website, the websites of national professional societies from multiple countries as well as through email distribution lists from STroke Imaging Research and participating societies. Survey responders were asked to select the typical imaging work-up for each clinical vignette presented. Actual images were not presented to the survey responders. Instead, the survey then displayed several types of imaging findings offered by the imaging strategy, and the responders selected the appropriate therapy and whether to enroll into a clinical trial considering time from onset, clinical presentation, and imaging findings. A follow-up survey focusing on 6 h from onset was conducted after the release of the positive endovascular trials. RESULTS: We received 548 responses from 35 countries including 282 individual centers; 78% of the centers originating from Australia, Brazil, France, Germany, Spain, United Kingdom, and United States. The specific onset windows presented influenced the type of imaging work-up selected more than the clinical scenario. Magnetic Resonance Imaging usage (27-28%) was substantial, in particular for wake-up stroke. Following the release of the positive trials, selection of perfusion imaging significantly increased for imaging strategy. CONCLUSIONS: Usage of vascular or perfusion imaging by Computed Tomography or Magnetic Resonance Imaging beyond just parenchymal imaging was the primary work-up (62-87%) across all clinical vignettes and time windows. Perfusion imaging with Computed Tomography or Magnetic Resonance Imaging was associated with increased probability of enrollment into clinical trials for 0-3 h. Following the release of the positive endovascular trials, selection of endovascular only treatment for 6 h increased across all clinical vignettes.

The role of brand identification in alumni support to their alma mater

Universities around the world are facing global competition and challenges to finance their main functions - research and education. This study focused on the role of graduates, alumni, in the success of a university. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of brand identification in alumni willingness to support their alma mater. The research concentrated on finding out what is the relationship between brand identification and it’s antecedents (prestige, satisfaction, interpretation of brand) to alumni willingness to promote university, participate in university activities and support financially by donating money to university’s research. The research method was quantitative and the data was collected via online survey from 569 alumni of a Finnish university. The findings suggest that there is a strong relationship between brand identification and alumni support. The stronger brand identification is, the more willing alumni were to promote university, participate in university activities and support financially. Based on the research, it is beneficial for universities to invest in brand development in order to get alumni to act as ambassadors of the university after their graduation.

The Hidden Truths of Self-Presentation, Self-Disclosure, and Deception on Online Dating Profiles: A Call for Change

The way in which individuals seek romantic partners has changed considerably in the past decades, most notably through online dating sites (ODSs). Despite the possibility of misrepresentation amongst client users, such sites continue to grow in popularity because ODSs provide a large pool from which individuals can select and attract potential partners. While much research has been undertaken on ODSs, little empirical research has examined postsecondary students’ use of ODSs. Therefore, this study sought to investigate why postsecondary students have become involved with and how they present themselves on ODSs. The researcher surveyed 20 postsecondary students and conducted in-depth interviews with 2 participants who use ODSs. Although the limited sample prevented results from being generalized, quantitative and qualitative analyses suggest that participants became involved with ODSs for various purposes, such as seeking long-term relationships and/or marriage partners, or simply exploring or visiting ODSs out of curiosity. Findings indicate that ODS users’ physical appearance and/or “attractiveness” is considered the strongest predictor of relationship success. The study discusses how participants’ self-presentation affects outcomes of ODS usage, particularly when negative self-identification and presentation corresponding to factors such as individuals’ weight and age are taken into account.

Identification des pratiques, défis et solutions rencontrés dans l’évaluation de protocoles de recherche en neuroimagerie

Les récents progrès en neuroimagerie ont permis, au cours des dernières années, de faire avancer les connaissances sur les maladies neurologiques et psychiatriques en offrant la possibilité de mieux comprendre l’évolution des maladies neurodégénératives et la nature du comportement, des émotions, de la personnalité, et de la cognition. Plusieurs défis éthiques ont émergés suite à l’utilisation de ces nouvelles technologies d’imagerie cérébrale. La perspective des chercheurs concernant les pratiques d’évaluation des protocoles de recherche en neuroimagerie ainsi que les défis éthiques, sociaux et légaux auxquels font face les chercheurs n'ont pas encore été étudiés, même s’ils constituent des acteurs clés. Nous avons entrepris une étude empirique sur les perspectives des chercheurs quant au processus d'évaluation par les comités d’éthique de la recherche (CÉR) afin d’examiner les enjeux éthiques, légaux et sociaux liés à la pratique de la neuroimagerie au Canada. Pour ce faire, nous avons expédié un questionnaire en ligne et réalisé des entrevues semi-structurées avec des chercheurs en neuroimagerie et des présidents des CÉR. Les entrevues ont été transcrites et analysées à l'aide du logiciel d'analyse qualitative Nvivo. Nos résultats ont mis en lumière plusieurs aspects éthiques légaux et sociaux suscitant une attention particulière afin de remédier aux défis actuels dans la recherche en neuroimagerie ainsi qu’au processus d’évaluation de la recherche par les CÉR. Nos données comportent également des recommandations provenant des chercheurs eux-mêmes afin d'améliorer le processus d'évaluation. Finalement, notre propre expérience avec cette étude multicentrique nous a permis de constater plusieurs des défis mentionnés par les chercheurs.

Analyse en identification partielle de la décision d'émigrer des étudiants africains

La migration internationale d’étudiants est un investissement couteux pour les familles dans beaucoup de pays en voie de développement. Cependant, cet investissement est susceptible de générer des bénéfices financiers et sociaux relativement importants aux investisseurs, tout autant que des externalités pour d’autres membres de la famille. Cette thèse s’intéresse à deux aspects importants de la migration des étudiants internationaux : (i) Qui part? Quels sont les déterminants de la probabilité de migration? (ii) Qui paie? Comment la famille s’organise-t-elle pour couvrir les frais de la migration? (iii) Qui y gagne? Ce flux migratoire est-il au bénéfice du pays d’origine? Entreprendre une telle étude met le chercheur en face de défis importants, notamment, l’absence de données complètes et fiables; la dispersion géographique des étudiants migrants en étant la cause première. La première contribution importante de ce travail est le développement d’une méthode de sondage en « boule de neige » pour des populations difficiles à atteindre, ainsi que d’estimateurs corrigeant les possibles biais de sélection. A partir de cette méthodologie, j’ai collecté des données incluant simultanément des étudiants migrants et non-migrants du Cameroun en utilisant une plateforme internet. Un second défi relativement bien documenté est la présence d’endogénéité du choix d’éducation. Nous tirons avantage des récents développements théoriques dans le traitement des problèmes d’identification dans les modèles de choix discrets pour résoudre cette difficulté, tout en conservant la simplicité des hypothèses nécessaires. Ce travail constitue l’une des premières applications de cette méthodologie à des questions de développement. Le premier chapitre de la thèse étudie la décision prise par la famille d’investir dans la migration étudiante. Il propose un modèle structurel empirique de choix discret qui reflète à la fois le rendement brut de la migration et la contrainte budgétaire liée au problème de choix des agents. Nos résultats démontrent que le choix du niveau final d’éducation, les résultats académiques et l’aide de la famille sont des déterminants importants de la probabilité d’émigrer, au contraire du genre qui ne semble pas affecter très significativement la décision familiale. Le second chapitre s’efforce de comprendre comment les agents décident de leur participation à la décision de migration et comment la famille partage les profits et décourage le phénomène de « passagers clandestins ». D’autres résultats dans la littérature sur l’identification partielle nous permettent de considérer des comportements stratégiques au sein de l’unité familiale. Les premières estimations suggèrent que le modèle « unitaire », où un agent représentatif maximise l’utilité familiale ne convient qu’aux familles composées des parents et de l’enfant. Les aidants extérieurs subissent un cout strictement positif pour leur participation, ce qui décourage leur implication. Les obligations familiales et sociales semblent expliquer les cas de participation d’un aidant, mieux qu’un possible altruisme de ces derniers. Finalement, le troisième chapitre présente le cadre théorique plus général dans lequel s’imbriquent les modèles développés dans les précédents chapitres. Les méthodes d’identification et d’inférence présentées sont spécialisées aux jeux finis avec information complète. Avec mes co-auteurs, nous proposons notamment une procédure combinatoire pour une implémentation efficace du bootstrap aux fins d’inférences dans les modèles cités ci-dessus. Nous en faisons une application sur les déterminants du choix familial de soins à long terme pour des parents âgés.

OFFLINE AND ONLINE SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION/PRECONCENTRATION OF INORGANICS

Solid phase extraction (SPE) is a powerful technique for preconcentration/removal or separation of trace and ultra trace amounts of toxic and nutrient elements. SPE effectively simplifies the labour intensive sample preparation, increase its reliability and eliminate the clean up step by using more selective extraction procedures. The synthesis of sorbents with a simplified procedure and diminution of the risks of errors shows the interest in the areas of environmental monitoring, geochemical exploration, food, agricultural, pharmaceutical, biochemical industry and high purity metal designing, etc. There is no universal SPE method because the sample pretreatment depends strongly on the analytical demand. But there is always an increasing demand for more sensitive, selective, rapid and reliable analytical procedures. Among the various materials, chelate modified naphthalene, activated carbon and chelate functionalized highly cross linked polymers are most important. In the biological and environmental field, large numbers of samples are to be analysed within a short span of time. Hence, online flow injection methods are preferred as they allow extraction, separation, identification and quantification of many numbers of analytes. The flow injection online preconcentration flame AAS procedure developed allows the determination of as low as 0.1 µg/l of nickel in soil and cobalt in human hair samples. The developed procedure is precise and rapid and allows the analysis of 30 samples per hour with a loading time of 60 s. The online FI manifold used in the present study permits high sampling, loading rates and thus resulting in higher preconcentration/enrichment factors of -725 and 600 for cobalt and nickel respectively with a 1 min preconcentration time compared to conventional FAAS signal. These enrichment factors are far superior to hitherto developed on line preconcentration procedures for inorganics. The instrumentation adopted in the present study allows much simpler equipment and low maintenance costs compared to costlier ICP-AES or ICP-MS instruments.

Fractal based techniques for classification of mammograms and identification of microcalcifications

After skin cancer, breast cancer accounts for the second greatest number of cancer diagnoses in women. Currently the etiologies of breast cancer are unknown, and there is no generally accepted therapy for preventing it. Therefore, the best way to improve the prognosis for breast cancer is early detection and treatment. Computer aided detection systems (CAD) for detecting masses or micro-calcifications in mammograms have already been used and proven to be a potentially powerful tool , so the radiologists are attracted by the effectiveness of clinical application of CAD systems. Fractal geometry is well suited for describing the complex physiological structures that defy the traditional Euclidean geometry, which is based on smooth shapes. The major contribution of this research include the development of • A new fractal feature to accurately classify mammograms into normal and normal (i)With masses (benign or malignant) (ii) with microcalcifications (benign or malignant) • A novel fast fractal modeling method to identify the presence of microcalcifications by fractal modeling of mammograms and then subtracting the modeled image from the original mammogram. The performances of these methods were evaluated using different standard statistical analysis methods. The results obtained indicate that the developed methods are highly beneficial for assisting radiologists in making diagnostic decisions. The mammograms for the study were obtained from the two online databases namely, MIAS (Mammographic Image Analysis Society) and DDSM (Digital Database for Screening Mammography.

A Writer Identification System For Handwritten Malayalam Documents

Handwriting is an acquired tool used for communication of one's observations or feelings. Factors that inuence a person's handwriting not only dependent on the individual's bio-mechanical constraints, handwriting education received, writing instrument, type of paper, background, but also factors like stress, motivation and the purpose of the handwriting. Despite the high variation in a person's handwriting, recent results from different writer identification studies have shown that it possesses sufficient individual traits to be used as an identification method. Handwriting as a behavioral biometric has had the interest of researchers for a long time. But recently it has been enjoying new interest due to an increased need and effort to deal with problems ranging from white-collar crime to terrorist threats. The identification of the writer based on a piece of handwriting is a challenging task for pattern recognition. The main objective of this thesis is to develop a text independent writer identification system for Malayalam Handwriting. The study also extends to developing a framework for online character recognition of Grantha script and Malayalam characters

Rule Type Identification using TRCM for trend analysis in Twitter

This paper considers the use of Association Rule Mining (ARM) and our proposed Transaction based Rule Change Mining (TRCM) to identify the rule types present in tweet’s hashtags over a specific consecutive period of time and their linkage to real life occurrences. Our novel algorithm was termed TRCM-RTI in reference to Rule Type Identification. We created Time Frame Windows (TFWs) to detect evolvement statuses and calculate the lifespan of hashtags in online tweets. We link RTI to real life events by monitoring and recording rule evolvement patterns in TFWs on the Twitter network.

Plant Leaf Identification Using Gabor Wavelets

This article presents a novel method of plant classification using Gabor wavelet filters to extract texture filters in a foliar surface. The aim of this promising method is to add to the results obtained by other leaf attributes (such as shape, contour, color, among others), increasing, therefore, the percentage of classification of plant species. To corroborate the efficiency of the technique, an experiment using 20 species from Brazilian flora was done and discussed. The results are also compared with texture Fourier descriptors and cooccurrence matrices. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 19, 236-243, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.20201

Languaging in virtual learning sites : studies of online encounters in the language-focused classroom

This thesis focuses upon a series of empirical studies which examine communication and learning in online glocal communities within higher education in Sweden. A recurring theme in the theoretical framework deals with issues of languaging in virtual multimodal environments as well as the making of identity and negotiation of meaning in these settings; analyzing the activity, what people do, in contraposition to the study of how people talk about their activity. The studies arise from netnographic work during two online Italian for Beginners courses offered by a Swedish university. Microanalyses of the interactions occurring through multimodal video-conferencing software are amplified by the study of the courses’ organisation of space and time and have allowed for the identification of communicative strategies and interactional patterns in virtual learning sites when participants communicate in a language variety with which they have a limited experience. The findings from the four studies included in the thesis indicate that students who are part of institutional virtual higher educational settings make use of several resources in order to perform their identity positions inside the group as a way to enrich and nurture the process of communication and learning in this online glocal community. The sociocultural dialogical analyses also shed light on the ways in which participants gathering in discursive technological spaces benefit from the opportunity to go to class without commuting to the physical building of the institution providing the course. This identity position is, thus, both experienced by participants in interaction, and also afforded by the ‘spaceless’ nature of the online environment.

Qualificação jurídica das plataformas de crowdinvesting no Brasil: um estudo de caso da plataforma online da Broota Brasil

Crowdinvesting consiste na captação de recursos financeiros por empreendedores, por meio de uma plataforma online na internet, em que os investidores recebem em troca de seus aportes financeiros uma participação na empresa nascente investida. Trata-se de uma modalidade de financiamento peculiar, uma vez que usualmente realiza a oferta pública de valores mobiliários. O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar elementos para se pensar na qualificação jurídica da plataforma online de crowdinvesting, a partir da descrição de suas atividades realizadas no âmbito da oferta pública de valores mobiliários. Para tanto, foi escolhida a plataforma online da Broota Brasil como objeto único de análise, pois é a empresa pioneira na atividade. Identificar os elementos que propiciam uma reflexão acerca da qualificação jurídica que a plataforma online de crowdinvesting é importante, pois permite a (i) reflexão acerca do seu possível tratamento jurídico; e (ii) verificar se há segurança jurídica nas atividades cursadas no âmbito da plataforma online. Para nortear o presente trabalho, foram eleitas duas hipóteses de pesquisa, considerando que a plataforma online consiste em um ambiente virtual que disponibiliza espaço para a realização de ofertas públicas de valores mobiliários, sendo reputada como (i) mercado de balcão organizado; ou (ii) mercado de balcão não organizado. Assim, é realizada a descrição das atividades da plataforma online da Broota Brasil no âmbito da realização de oferta pública de valores mobiliários. Após, com base na legislação e doutrina específica, foi efetuada a descrição das características que conceituam juridicamente as referidas hipóteses. Em seguida, foram identificadas se tais características estavam presentes nas atividades desenvolvidas pela plataforma online da Broota Brasil. Por fim, não sendo reveladas tais características, sugere-se uma agenda de pesquisa apontando as possíveis qualificações jurídicas da plataforma online, em razão de sua aproximação de empreendedores e investidores no âmbito do negócio jurídico de compra e venda de oferta pública de valores mobiliários.