O Programa Escola da Família Enquanto Política Pública: Políticas Compensatórias e Avaliação de Rendimento

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Review of CARIFORUM-EU EPA in development cooperation and WTO compatability

The Cotonou Agreement which succeeded the Lomé IV Agreement and was signed in Cotonou in June 2000 established a comprehensive framework to govern social, economic and political relations between the Africa, Caribbean, Pacific (ACP) grouping and the European Union (EU). At the centre of the partnership are objectives relating to economic development, the reduction and eventual eradication of poverty, and the smooth and gradual integration of ACP States into the world economy. In order to accomplish these objectives, the Cotonou Agreement provides for the conclusion between the ACP and the EU of “new World Trade Organization (WTO) compatible trading arrangements, removing progressively barriers to trade between them and enhancing cooperation in all areas relevant to trade” (Article 36.1). The conclusion of economic partnership agreements (EPAs) represented one way to achieve a WTO compatible instrument and had to be negotiated during the period starting from September 2002 until 31 December 2007 to replace the trade provisions of the Cotonou Agreement. After three and half years of negotiations, CARIFORUM and the European Commission (EC) finally concluded a comprehensive EPA with the EC on 16 December 2007 when an Agreement was initialed. The EPA Parties agreed to sign it later after a review of the provisions at both the national and regional levels. In CARIFORUM, various comments have been made from governments, Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), the private sector and the labour movement about the strengths and weaknesses of the EPA. This review comes in this context and is confined to the development cooperation provisions and the question of WTO compatibility and consistency with the Doha Development Agenda (DDA) negotiations and existing WTO provisions on special and differential treatment.

Profissionais de educação de ONGs: uma nova categoria intelectual? Investigação sobre duas ONGs brasileiras

Pós-graduação em Educação Escolar - FCLAR

Educação do campo, poder local e políticas públicas: a Casa Familiar Rural de Gurupá-Pa, uma construção permanente

O estudo trata da experiência da Casa Familiar Rural do município de Gurupá, situado na mesorregião do Marajó no Estado do Pará. Discute a relação da Educação do campo, Poder Local e políticas Públicas no contexto local, enfatizando a concepção de organização Pública Não Estatal na oferta da educação do campo e da relação entre Sociedade Civil e Estado. Seu objetivo principal foi analisar as especificidades da experiência da referida Casa e suas contribuições para as políticas públicas locais bem como na constituição do poder local. O enfoque desta pesquisa foi classificado como Qualitativo, sendo o principal instrumento de coleta de dados a entrevista semi-estruturada aplicada a oito sujeitos. Além das entrevistas foram utilizados documentos e visita local. As questões que conduziram a análise dos dados foram: o que é a CFR e qual seu projeto educativo para o campesinato gurupaense? Como se estabelecem as relações entre a Casa Familiar Rural e os atores acima citados? Que políticas públicas estão sendo alcançadas em benefício da comunidade camponesa a partir dessa configuração de poder local? O que isso contribui com o âmbito local e para o fortalecimento de um projeto de desenvolvimento educacional e econômico do campo? Com base na análise das informações, o estudo demonstrou que a Casa Familiar Rural de Gurupá, a partir de sua participação efetiva nos espaços públicos e na composição de parcerias com governos, com organizações não-governamentais (Ong’s) e com a sociedade civil, vem influenciando, propondo e executando políticas públicas neste município, constituindo-se como importante agente na constituição do Poder Local. A pesquisa demonstrou que a Casa tem se consolidado como uma importante referência na educação do campo no município de Gurupá.

Hermenêutica botânica e antropização na Amazônia: exsicatas de verbenáceas da Amazônia Legal no Herbário do New York Botanical Garden

Este artigo tem como base informações de uma série histórica de exsicatas datadas de 1819 a 2002, reunindo contribuições de pesquisadores de instituições governamentais e não governamentais das Américas do Norte, do Sul e Europa. Tem foco nas verbenáceas, pela reconhecida gama de espécies aromáticas e medicinais desta família e o seu reconhecido uso no Brasil. Analisa notas descritivas e críticas sobre a coleção do New York Botanical Garden referente à Amazônia, revelando o espírito da cooperação entre instituições brasileiras e estrangeiras nesta região. Alterações do meio ambiente, rede de pesquisadores, mudanças na linguagem, na tecnologia dos registros e absorção de termos regionais são detectados ao longo de quase dois séculos de trabalho científico em que se projeta a formação continuada de cientistas e a interação com saberes locais.

Parceria para Governo Aberto e Relações Internacionais: oportunidades e desafios

Pós-graduação em Relações Internacionais (UNESP - UNICAMP - PUC-SP) - FFC

Nanoregulação: Avaliação dos cenários internacional e brasileiro

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Estudo exploratório sobre a delimitação e práticas contemporâneas da educação não formal

This paper presents the survey, demarcation and discussion of different forms of education, which are education unintentional or intentional informal education, which unfolds in formal and non-formal education. The study of the proposed theme was carried through the review, critical analysis and synthesis of academic and scientific literature relevant to different forms of education. It approaches so prominent non-formal education, due to the significant rise of the practices related to it and increase the visibility of the professionals who took teaching as craft specifically in this educational modality. The main sub-areas of non-formal education presented in the article are: corporate education, non-formal education in social held on nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), non-formal education aimed at prevention and health promotion, formation of free courses to people in different areas of knowledge and practice. At the end, pointing to the importance of considering the non-formal education records within its ambit the existence of political and pedagogical rationales different, even opposite, which requires teachers and researchers in the educational field constant vigilance epistemological, so to contribute to the construction and consolidation of a critical education, creative and emancipatory.

Organizational Frames for Professional Claims: Private Military Corporations and the Rise of the Military Paraprofessional

Corporations, nongovernmental organizations, and other organizational forms are major players in the sodal world. Recently, sociological scholarship on organizations has converged with research on the professions to discuss the ways in which professions are shaped or influenced by different organizational forms. In this article, I borrows from the notion of framing within social movement research to argue that organizational forms frame the bids of aspiring professionals. More specifically, I argue that certain organizational forms-such as that of the modern corporation-can aid would-be professionals in making their claims for professional recognition. Organizations do this, I argue, by providing aspiring professionals with a ready-made setting, rationale, and guarantees that make the newcomers more easily recognizable as professionals to outside audiences. I explore this argument by examining how the corporate form has facilitated private military contractors in their attempts to legitimate and develop this highly controversial new industry. The data are drawn from my interviews with private military contractors, state officials, and other interested parties surrounding private military corporations, as well as from archival data that detail the rise of the private military industry.

Rural water system sustainability : a case study of community-managed water systems in Saramaka communities

Worldwide, rural populations are far less likely to have access to clean drinking water than are urban ones. In many developing countries, the current approach to rural water supply uses a model of demand-driven, community-managed water systems. In Suriname, South America rural populations have limited access to improved water supplies; community-managed water supply systems have been installed in several rural communities by nongovernmental organizations as part of the solution. To date, there has been no review of the performance of these water supply systems. This report presents the results of an investigation of three rural water supply systems constructed in Saramaka villages in the interior of Suriname. The investigation used a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, coupled with ethnographic information, to construct a comprehensive overview of these water systems. This overview includes the water use of the communities, the current status of the water supply systems, histories and sustainability of the water supply projects, technical reviews, and community perceptions. From this overview, factors important to the sustainability of these water systems were identified. Community water supply systems are engineered solutions that operate through social cooperation. The results from this investigation show that technical adequacy is the first and most critical factor for long-term sustainability of a water system. It also shows that technical adequacy is dependent on the appropriateness of the engineering design for the social, cultural, and natural setting in which it takes place. The complex relationships between technical adequacy, community support, and the involvement of women play important roles in the success of water supply projects. Addressing these factors during the project process and taking advantage of alternative water resources may increase the supply of improved drinking water to rural communities.

AGROFORESTRY ADDRESSING SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN PARAGUAY

Paraguay is characterized in part by an economy reliant on a massive soy industry and as facing social and economic challenges resulting from highly inequitable distribution of wealth and land ownership, particularly for smallholder farmers in the rural areas of the country. Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis), a native tree of which the leaves are used in tea, has become an increasingly common crop grown among common among smallholder farmers (owners of 10 hectares or less) as a viable alternative to soy production on a small scale. In the rural agricultural community of Libertad del Sur, located in the heart of the severely deforested Bosque Atlántico del Alto-Paraná, a series of development initiatives including tree nurseries and agroforestry projects with yerba mate were implemented with involvement of several governmental and nongovernmental organizations. Research was conducted to identify effectiveness of an agroforestry strategy to promote reforestation activities and sustainable agriculture to achieve economic and subsistence goals of the rural population. Despite a severe drought impacting initial research goals, important lessons are considered regarding promotion of development work within the community as well as community perceptions towards development agencies. Pursuit of compromise between community member and agency goals using sustainable agricultural practices is identified as an effective means to promote mutually beneficial development strategies.

Transformaciones y conflictos en el agro chaqueño durante los ´90. Articulaciones territoriales de una nueva racionalidad productiva

Las transformaciones ocurridas en el sector agrícola del Chaco en los ´90, constituyen un ejemplo concreto de procesos de desarrollo geográfico desigual. A partir de 1999 esta provincia, dejó de ser la principal productora algodonera argentina para incorporarse a la siembra de soja genéticamente modificada, convertida en el principal cultivo nacional. El reemplazo de una lógica productiva que sustentó la organización económica y social provincial durante más de cuatro décadas por otra que privilegió la eficiencia y los menores costos comparativos, suscitó conflictos y reacciones diferenciales en el sector según la vulnerabilidad selectiva de los actores involucrados. El objetivo del trabajo es profundizar en ese proceso de reemplazo, estableciendo las principales características de las transformaciones acontecidas y dimensionando tanto sus efectos, como las respuestas de los distintos agentes del sector (una mayoría de pequeños productores tradicionales apoyados por organizaciones no gubernamentales, una minoría de medianos y grandes productores empresarios y el gobierno provincial)

Transformaciones y conflictos en el agro chaqueño durante los ´90. Articulaciones territoriales de una nueva racionalidad productiva

Las transformaciones ocurridas en el sector agrícola del Chaco en los ´90, constituyen un ejemplo concreto de procesos de desarrollo geográfico desigual. A partir de 1999 esta provincia, dejó de ser la principal productora algodonera argentina para incorporarse a la siembra de soja genéticamente modificada, convertida en el principal cultivo nacional. El reemplazo de una lógica productiva que sustentó la organización económica y social provincial durante más de cuatro décadas por otra que privilegió la eficiencia y los menores costos comparativos, suscitó conflictos y reacciones diferenciales en el sector según la vulnerabilidad selectiva de los actores involucrados. El objetivo del trabajo es profundizar en ese proceso de reemplazo, estableciendo las principales características de las transformaciones acontecidas y dimensionando tanto sus efectos, como las respuestas de los distintos agentes del sector (una mayoría de pequeños productores tradicionales apoyados por organizaciones no gubernamentales, una minoría de medianos y grandes productores empresarios y el gobierno provincial)

Transformaciones y conflictos en el agro chaqueño durante los ´90. Articulaciones territoriales de una nueva racionalidad productiva

Las transformaciones ocurridas en el sector agrícola del Chaco en los ´90, constituyen un ejemplo concreto de procesos de desarrollo geográfico desigual. A partir de 1999 esta provincia, dejó de ser la principal productora algodonera argentina para incorporarse a la siembra de soja genéticamente modificada, convertida en el principal cultivo nacional. El reemplazo de una lógica productiva que sustentó la organización económica y social provincial durante más de cuatro décadas por otra que privilegió la eficiencia y los menores costos comparativos, suscitó conflictos y reacciones diferenciales en el sector según la vulnerabilidad selectiva de los actores involucrados. El objetivo del trabajo es profundizar en ese proceso de reemplazo, estableciendo las principales características de las transformaciones acontecidas y dimensionando tanto sus efectos, como las respuestas de los distintos agentes del sector (una mayoría de pequeños productores tradicionales apoyados por organizaciones no gubernamentales, una minoría de medianos y grandes productores empresarios y el gobierno provincial)

The WTO and Female Labor Rights in Developing Countries. IES WORKING PAPER 3/2008

The impacts of WTO on women’s labour rights in the developing countries have been raised to the international agenda by various nongovernmental organizations. On the one hand it is assumed that international trade policies are gender neutral. On the other hand a number of authors hold the view that the negative impacts of WTO policies are more pronounced on female than male workers. This paper takes a critical look at these claims. It argues that the impact of the WTO system, the driving force of trade liberalization, on women’s labour rights in the developing countries is a complicated issue, because the effects have been both negative and positive. In support of this claim, this paper first briefly reviews the international framework for the protection of women’s labour rights. Next, the WTO agreements and policies are analysed insofar as they are relevant for the protection of women’s labour rights. The analysis covers, for example, the use of the trade policy review mechanism and restrictions of trade on grounds of violation of public morals.. Finally, a case study is conducted on the situation of female workers in Bangladesh and Pakistan, countries that have recently undergone a liberalization of trade in the textiles and clothing sectors. It is concluded that the increase of international trade in the developing countries has created many work opportunities for women, helped them to become more independent and allowed them to participate in the society more actively. However, it is at the same time posited that in order to comply with its own objectives of raising standards of living and full employment, the WTO should engage itself in active policies to overcome the negative aspects of trade on female workers in the developing countries.