Efeitos da composição domiciliar e da escala equivalente sobre as medidas de desigualdade de renda e pobreza no Brasil

MARIANO, J. L. ; FIGUEIREDO, ERIK A. . Efeitos da composição domiciliar e da escala equivalente sobre as medidas de desigualdade de renda e pobreza no Brasil. In: XXXVI Encontro Nacional de Economia,Salvador 2008.

Efeitos da composição domiciliar e da escala equivalente sobre as medidas de desigualdade de renda e pobreza no Brasil

MARIANO, J. L. ; FIGUEIREDO, ERIK A. . Efeitos da composição domiciliar e da escala equivalente sobre as medidas de desigualdade de renda e pobreza no Brasil. In: XXXVI Encontro Nacional de Economia,Salvador 2008.

The Complications of the Erotic: Eroticism in Last Tango in Paris and Une liaison pornographique

Even more so than in other arts, film has tried to draw an artificial but clear line between eroticism and pornography, nonetheless perpetuating moral judgments about movies marketed as “erotic”. The explicit and repeated portrayal of sex in such films would place them dangerously near the vortex of the pornographic, and thus, since they are not concerned with transcendental issues, they would require little or no critical attention. I will however try to argue, using Last Tango in Paris and Une liaison pornographique, that many of these “erotic” films conclude that a relationship based solely on sex (i.e. “pornographic”), which ignores the complexities of individual identity and the interpersonal is doomed to fail. Also, I would like to show how these films ultimately conceive of sex as something that goes beyond the merely physical and walks the grounds of such transcendental issues as despair, loneliness, death, or love.

Children's and adolescents' moral emotion attributions and judgments about exclusion of peers with hearing impairments

Children and adolescents with hearing impairments are at risk of being excluded from activities with hearing peers. Moral emotion attributions may represent important indicators for children’s identification with the moral norm not to exclude peers based on disability. Against this background, we investigated how 10-, 12- and 15-year-olds (N = 215) feel and judge about social exclusion of peers with hearing impairments. Emotion attributions and moral judgements were assessed using four different hypothetical scenarios about the exclusion of peers with hearing impairments (school vs. leisure time, group vs. dyad). Moreover, children’s and adolescents’ inclusive behaviour was assessed by a peer nomination procedure. Results revealed that moral emotion attributions differed as a function of exclusion context and grade. Moreover, participants with inclusive behaviour attributed moral emotions more often than participants with less inclusive behaviour. Implications of the results for moral education are discussed.

Two Distinct Moral Mechanisms for Ascribing and Denying Intentionality.

Philosophers and legal scholars have long theorized about how intentionality serves as a critical input for morality and culpability, but the emerging field of experimental philosophy has revealed a puzzling asymmetry. People judge actions leading to negative consequences as being more intentional than those leading to positive ones. The implications of this asymmetry remain unclear because there is no consensus regarding the underlying mechanism. Based on converging behavioral and neural evidence, we demonstrate that there is no single underlying mechanism. Instead, two distinct mechanisms together generate the asymmetry. Emotion drives ascriptions of intentionality for negative consequences, while the consideration of statistical norms leads to the denial of intentionality for positive consequences. We employ this novel two-mechanism model to illustrate that morality can paradoxically shape judgments of intentionality. This is consequential for mens rea in legal practice and arguments in moral philosophy pertaining to terror bombing, abortion, and euthanasia among others.

El razonamiento moral como elemento constitutivo de la competencia ética: dilemas reales e hipotéticos en profesores de educación secundaria en México

El objetivo del presente texto es la indagación del razonamiento moral en los profesores de secundaria como un elemento de la competencia ética. Se realizó con dilemas morales hipotéticos (analizados y probados previamente para su validación y cuya fiabilidad se obtuvo a través del alfa de Cronbach) y con dilemas reales. Se aplicó a 264 profesores, miembros de la comunidad académica de la Escuela Normal Superior de Michoacán, México. Se analizó a través del programa estadístico Aquad 6. Entre los descubrimientos se encuentra una presencia mayoritaria de conflictos entre las normas éticas interpersonales con las normas de conformidad social y con las normas institucionales particulares. También que la justicia y la protección contra daños a los alumnos son valores presentes en los dilemas reales y una prevalencia en el razonamiento convencional de los profesores

Botanical travel, climate and David Moore’s moral geographies of Europe

During his forty-year curatorship of the Royal Dublin Society's botanical gardens in Glasnevin (1838–1879), David Moore undertook a number of excursions to continental Europe. These served to deepen the networks of plant exchange between Dublin and other botanical institutions and allowed him to examine the relationships between climate, plant survivability and societal development. This paper focuses on two trips taken in the 1860s to Scandinavia and Iberia and charts how Moore situated his experience of these places within a climatic hermeneutic. Moore's understanding of northern and southern Europe was organized around a set of judgments about their relative backwardness or advancement with respect to his experience of home and was seen through the lens of a moral climatology. Moreover, his Scots Presbyterian background and his commitment to natural theology informed his interpretation of the landscapes he encountered in his excursions across Europe.

Le dommage moral et le préjudice extrapatrimonial

Notre recherche visait au départ l'analyse de la substance du dommage moral: retrouver les sentiments à l'intérieur des chefs de dommage moral. Une première lecture des jugements québécois publiés, rendus entre le 1er janvier 1950 et le 31 décembre 2008 et à l'intérieur desquels des dommages et intérêts ont été octroyés pour réparer un dommage moral en matière de responsabilité civile extracontractuelle, laisse une impression de confusion et de désordre, tant au plan terminologique qu'au plan conceptuel. Dommage moral, préjudice extrapatrimonial, dommage non pécuniaire, préjudice moral: autant de termes qui rendent impossible une synthèse des chefs de préjudice. C'est finalement à l'analyse des raisons de cette confusion, aux formes qu'elle prend, aux moyens déployés par les juristes pour, sinon la surmonter, du moins la contenir, que la présente thèse est consacrée. Malgré cette confusion et ce désordre, un constat général d'homogénéité et de stabilité des discours judiciaire et juridique sur le préjudice extrapatrimonial peut d'abord être tracé. Le dommage moral et le préjudice extrapatrimonial (les deux étant couramment assimilés) sont réputés difficilement réparables. Afin de contenir l'arbitraire et la subjectivité qui caractérisent le préjudice extrapatrimonial, un discours dominant rationnel et raisonnable s'est construit et une évaluation globale du préjudice est pratiquée par les juges. Il en résulte une stabilité des montants des dommages et intérêts octroyés à titre de réparation. Mais pourquoi autant de mots pour décrire une même réalité? Dommage et préjudice sont actuellement employés en droit québécois comme s'ils étaient terminologiquement et conceptuellement indistincts; il en résulte une sursimplification de la responsabilité civile. Nous proposons que le dommage (qu'il soit corporel, matériel ou moral) et le préjudice (qu'il soit extrapatrimonial ou patrimonial) sont distincts. Le dommage se qualifie au siège de l'atteinte (des corps, des choses, des sentiments et valeurs) et le préjudice se qualifie au regard de la nature des répercussions du dommage (répercussions patrimoniales ou extrapatrimoniales). Ainsi distingués, dommage et préjudice retrouvent un sens tout en faisant ressortir les deux temps composant la responsabilité civile: l'établissement d'une responsabilité à l'aide de la faute, du dommage et du lien de causalité les unissant (1er temps) et la réparation du préjudice accompagnant le dommage (2e temps). Par une telle distinction, la sursimplification de la responsabilité civile est dépassée et force est de constater que bien peu de choses sont dites dans les jugements sur la substance du dommage moral et même sur le dommage moral tout court. Le discours dominant porte essentiellement sur la difficile détermination de la quotité des dommages et intérêts pour réparer le préjudice extrapatrimonial. Si le dommage moral et le préjudice extrapatrimonial n'étaient pas confondus et employés par les juristes avec une apparente cohérence, une synthèse des chefs de préjudice extrapatrimonial, telle qu'envisagée au départ, aurait peut-être été possible…

Intenção e consequência no julgamento moral

O julgamento das intenções e consequências como um critério moral, é medido sob duas ordens de apresentação (ordem 1: intenção-consequência, ordem 2: consequência-intenção) e três modos de apresentação (só verbal; verbal mais figuras com intenção implícita e verbal mais figuras com inteção explícita) usando o paradigma de Hebble. Quatro histórias, combinando tensão e consequência, positivas e negativas, foram julgadas numa escala de 1 a 5 (de mau para bom) por dois grupos de crianças. O grupo menor com média de idade de 4 anos e 3 meses e o grupo maior com média de idade de 7 anos e 3 meses. Os dados evidenciaram os seguintes resultados: a) ordem e modo de apresentação, isoladamente, não apresentaram efeitos; b) os dois grupos de idade fazem uso da intenção em seus julgamentos; c) ambos os grupos demonstram efeito recentividade em seus julgamentos. Estes resultados sugerem: que modo de apresentação somente influencia o julgamento de crianças menores de 4 anos de idade; crianças com 4 anos e 3 meses de idade em média julgam em função da intenção e cr1anças até 7 anos e 3 meses de idade em média são influenciadas pela posição da intenção e consequência nas histórias-estímulos para realizarem seus julgamentos.

Desenvolvimento moral e preconceito: um estudo sobre os juízos de crianças do ensino fundamental de uma escola inclusiva

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

Relaciones entre tendencias de juicio moral, estilos de resolución de conflictos y percepción de la manifestación de la agresividad en niños y adolescentes

The moral judgment was approached upon a constructivist perspective which focuses on its evolution according to the different types of social relations. The several forms of resolution of conflicts are also considered in this reference, since they are related to situations of interaction, as well as the aggressiveness. The research was carried out with sixty children and teenagers from a socio-educational institution. It aimed to identify the variations according to age, and relate the trends in moral judgment, the styles of resolution of conflicts, and the perception of the educators regarding to the manifestation of aggressive behaviors. The instruments for collecting data were the Scale of Perception from Teachers for children that manifested Aggressive Behaviors in School, a Clinical Interview about moral judgment and the adaptation of the Children\'s Action Tendency Scale - CATS. The results showed that variations in relation to age were significant regarding to moral judgment. The younger children showed more heteronomous judgments and the older children more autonomous. Furthermore, the data evidenced a positive relationship between semiautonomia and aggressiveness, which raises the possibility of this being regarded as one of the unique strategies to take a position within an authoritarian and coercive environment.

Dilema moral na Educação Infantil: generosidade ou justiça?

The aim of this study is to investigate the judgments about the virtue of generosity or justice by teachers in early childhood education and compare their judgments with the children’s judgments about generosity or justice. We interviewed 26 teachers and 90 children aged 4, 5 and 6 years at this level of education. The instrument used was a moral dilemma in which the protagonist of the story would have to choose between giving a prize to the child who drew the most beautiful picture (justice) or to the child who was sad (generosity). The results indicate that justice is the virtue most valued by teachers and that it is already valued by children and may be a need for them. And generosity is valued more by children than by teachers.

Relações entre os estilos parentais e juízo moral de adolescentes

Pós-graduação em Psicologia - FCLAS

Intelligent Automaticity in Moral Judgment and Decision-Making

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-05

O efeito do stresse no julgamento moral: um estudo experimental

Dissertação de Mestrado, Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade do Algarve, 2015