Paleoclimate record combinatio of speleothems and of sediment core GeoB3910-2

A substantial strengthening of the South American monsoon system (SAMS) during Heinrich Stadials (HS) points toward decreased cross-equatorial heat transport as the main driver of monsoonal hydroclimate variability at millennial time-scales. In order to better constrain the exact timing and internal structure of HS1 over tropical South America we assessed two precisely dated speleothem records from central-eastern and northeastern Brazil in combination with two marine records of terrestrial organic and inorganic matter input into the western equatorial Atlantic. During HS1 we recognize at least two events of widespread intensification of the SAMS across the entire region influenced by the South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ) at 16.11-14.69 kyr BP and 18.1-16.66 kyr BP (labeled as HS1a and HS1c, respectively), separated by a dry excursion from 16.66-16.11 kyr BP (HS1b). In view of the spatial structure of precipitation anomalies, the widespread increase of monsoon precipitation over the SACZ domain was termed 'Mega-SACZ'.

Plan de negocio Miraparty

En el siguiente trabajo se documentará un plan de negocio para Miraparty. Miraparty es una empresa que ofrece un servicio de photocall innovador en tres diferentes ámbitos de negocio: Bodas, celebración de todo tipo de eventos socio-culturales (fiestas, eventos deportivos, musicales, gastronómicos,...), y en el ámbito empresarial para eventos promocionales. Se realizará primero una presentación de la compañía describiendo sus servicios y su organización. Posteriormente se describirá tanto las características técnicas de toda la tecnología empleada, así como una descripción detallada del proceso y modelo de operaciones de Miraparty. A continuación se ha realizado un estudio de mercado analizando los competidores dentro del mismo sector, cuyas conclusiones se muestran en una tabla resumen, y termina con una matriz DAFO que ayuda a ver y comprender la situación actual de Miraparty. Dentro de la sección específica de marketing, se ha descrito primero el posicionamiento de la empresa para, posteriormente, desarrollar las capacidades de Go-to-market dentro de los distintos canales comerciales que Miraparty debe emplear. Además de ello, se ha diseñado una encuesta de satisfacción al cliente para su uso posterior. Por último, se ha desarrollado un caso de negocio en el que se estudia con éxito la viabilidad de la apertura de una franquicia de Miraparty en la ciudad de Madrid. Se ha optado por realizar un estudio con un horizonte de tres años. ---ABSTRACT---In following document a business plan for Miraparty will be developed. Miraparty is a company that offers a brand new photocall service in three different business areas: Weddings, every kind of social and cultural events (parties, sport events, musical events,...) and for promotional events for other companies. First of all, Miraparty will be described as well as its offered services and its organization. Afterwards, used technology and technical equipment will be described along with a detailed description of its core process and Miraparty's operational model. Secondly, it is presented a market analysis with a thorough analysis of Miraparty's direct competitors. Conclusions are summarized in a comparison table, and this part finishes with a DAFO matrix that helps understanding Miraparty's current situation. Next, in marketing related section, firstly, company's services positioning has been described using BCG matrix to, secondly, develop Go-to-Market capabilities for every market channel Miraparty should use. Besides that, a customer satisfaction survey form has been designed for its further use. Finally, a business case has been developed to study v Madrid. In this study it has been decided to state a three year time limit.

Consumers' responses to sponsorship by foreign companies

Purpose: The study aims to explore the novel issue of how consumers perceive sponsorship initiatives by foreign companies and how the sponsors' country-of-origin (COO) cue may influence sponsorship outcomes. Design/methodology/approach: The measurement model and proposed relationships were tested based on a sample of 811 Chinese consumers using confirmatory factor analysis and structural path analysis. Findings: The results reveal that attitudes toward the sponsor completely mediate the effect of event involvement on willingness to buy from the sponsor (WBS). Attitudes toward the sponsor also partially mediate the relationship between economic animosity towards a specific sponsor's COO and WBS. Additionally, the level of a country's economic competitiveness found to moderate the negative relationship between economic animosity, attitudes toward the sponsor and WBS. Research limitations/implications: The nature of the product type and the desire of the consumer to own such a product may have influenced the measurement of willingness to buy. Practical implications: The research adds to the existing knowledge by identifying the opportunities and potential biases that a foreign company may encounter when considering sponsoring a mega sport event in a different cultural context. The study helps managers to understand how sports sponsorship could be used effectively in emerging markets. Originality/value: The proposed conceptual model advances the application of classical conditioning theory, the consumer animosity model of foreign product purchase and the belief-attitude-intention hierarchy in the sponsorship arena. It is the first investigation of the role of event involvement and economic animosity in understanding sponsorship responses. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

Active Foreground Region Extraction and Tracking for Sports Video Annotation

Automatic video segmentation plays a vital role in sports videos annotation. This paper presents a fully automatic and computationally efficient algorithm for analysis of sports videos. Various methods of automatic shot boundary detection have been proposed to perform automatic video segmentation. These investigations mainly concentrate on detecting fades and dissolves for fast processing of the entire video scene without providing any additional feedback on object relativity within the shots. The goal of the proposed method is to identify regions that perform certain activities in a scene. The model uses some low-level feature video processing algorithms to extract the shot boundaries from a video scene and to identify dominant colours within these boundaries. An object classification method is used for clustering the seed distributions of the dominant colours to homogeneous regions. Using a simple tracking method a classification of these regions to active or static is performed. The efficiency of the proposed framework is demonstrated over a standard video benchmark with numerous types of sport events and the experimental results show that our algorithm can be used with high accuracy for automatic annotation of active regions for sport videos.

O desenvolvimento do turismo desportivo: o caso das provas da meia maratona e da maratona do Porto

O turismo tem sido e prevê-se que continuará a ser um dos fenómenos que mais contribui para a economia de uma nação. Também, o desporto ao longo dos anos tem tido um papel importante na sociedade que se manifesta em diferentes perspetivas, ao nível cultural, económico e social. Nesta linha e como catalisador de sinergias entre o turismo e o desporto surge o turismo desportivo, como sendo um único fenómeno social, económico e cultural que decorre da interação das atividades, pessoas e locais. O turismo desportivo, nos últimos anos, tem tido o seu reconhecimento como uma fonte que gera riqueza dando suporte ao desenvolvimento económico dos locais, regiões e até mesmo dos países onde se realizam os eventos desportivos. De salientar que o Turismo Desportivo tem sido visto como uma oportunidade que permite combater a sazonalidade e os impactos negativos do turismo em massa. Neste sentido, com o presente trabalho pretendeu-se analisar a importância das provas da meia maratona e maratona, realizadas na cidade do Porto em 2015, para o desenvolvimento turístico, na perspetiva dos visitantes desportistas, uma vez que os eventos desportivos têm sido considerados uma forma de assegurar o desenvolvimento sustentável de uma região/local. Tendo por base a informação recolhida e os resultados obtidos, quanto ao perfil dos inquiridos que participaram, em ambas as provas, pode dizer-se que são do sexo masculino, o grupo etário com idades compreendidas entre os 41 e 51 anos tem a maior percentagem de participantes, a maioria são casados e portugueses e maioritariamente residem no Grande Porto. Apurou-se ainda a estimativa do gasto médio por inscritos atendendo às provas e nacionalidade. No que diz respeito aos portugueses, estes fazem mais despesas no decurso da prova da Meia Maratona gastando cerca de 530 mil euros e os estrangeiros na prova da Maratona despendendo um valor estimado de 634 mil euros. Globalmente, atendendo às provas principais e associadas, são os portugueses que apresentam um gasto estimado mais elevado cerca de 1.755.570,65€, e os estrangeiros 1.436.159,14€. No global o valor estimado despendido, para o total das provas, para os participantes desportistas, ascende a 3.191.730€. Os valores apresentados não incluem as despesas com a inscrição dos participantes nas provas. Os valores indiciaram, também, para a existência de impactos económicos positivos decorrentes da organização e realização das provas e demonstraram que estas podem constituir uma ferramenta para impulsionar a economia local e regional. Também se concluiu que as provas da Meia Maratona e Maratona foram consideradas importantes para o desenvolvimento turístico da Região do Grande Porto, os inquiridos encontram-se globalmente satisfeitos com as provas e pretendem regressar em próximas edições, existe uma relação forte, positiva e direta entre a satisfação global e a intenção de participar em edições futuras das provas.

Patrocínio no circuito nacional de surf : estudo da notoriedade, atitude e intenção de compra dos espectadores face a uma marca

Com a realização deste estudo pretendeu-se cumprir dois objetivos: i) aferir a eficácia do patrocínio desportivo através da utilização de medidas como a notoriedade da marca, a atitude face ao patrocinador e a intenção de compra dos espectadores presentes no circuito nacional de surf (Liga Moche); ii) analisar a forma como o envolvimento das pessoas com o surf pode ter influência na eficácia do patrocínio. Para cumprir estes objetivos foram aplicados 250 questionários a espectadores presentes nas provas do circuito nacional de surf. Os dados foram analisados através de estatística descritiva, testes de correlação de Pearson e de tstudent. Os resultados indicam que a marca patrocinadora do evento de surf, a Moche, apresenta elevados níveis de notoriedade espontânea (83,2%) e assistida (91,2%) entre os espectadores do circuito nacional e que os espectadores apresentam também atitudes favoráveis assim como intenções de compra favoráveis. Verificou-se também uma correlação significativamente positiva entre a atitude face ao patrocinador e as intenções de compra. Por último, os praticantes de surf e os espectadores dos eventos apresentam uma atitude mais favorável e maiores intenções de compra dos produtos patrocinadores do que os que não praticam surf nem costumam assistir a eventos de surf. Estes resultados devem ser levados em consideração pelos responsáveis de futuros eventos de surf.

Challenging the SD benefits attributed to sport Mega-Events hosting

Sport Mega-event hosting faces opposition that is manifested with different intensity during the different phases of the event, from its inception as an idea to its delivery and legacy. Some Social Movements Organisations (SMOs) have acted as indefatigable monitors of the Sustainable Development (SD) dimension of sporting events in general and, in some of the most recent sport mega-events, in particular the Olympics, they have served as important advisors and facilitators. Nevertheless, in many cases we see enthusiastic supporters turning to vehemently challenging whatever positives have been associated with hosting the event. In addition, there is opposition to sport Mega-events in their entirety. That type of opposition tends to employ a holistic prism that manages to identify multiple interconnected negative aspects of hosting a sport mega-event and incorporate them into an anti-systemic discourse. It is important to bear in mind that irrespective of many proclamations to the opposite as far as megas are concerned (projects and/or events), a number of studies have demonstrated that citizen participation and democratic accountability in decision-making have been notoriously absent. After all, the idea of citizen participation in the planning of sport mega-event is essentially the public response to a plan conceived by others. There were, of course, some notable cases of democratic consultation at the early stages of bidding to host a sport mega-event but these more democratic approaches resulted in the failure of the bid (for e.g. Toronto 1996). The knowledge of this by the groups that initiated the hosting idea and the bidding process has led to discouraging in depth public consultation that may fit perfectly to the democratic process but not to the tight schedules of associated projects completion. That produces ‘autocracy against which opposition may arise’ (Hiller, 2000, p. 198). It is this democratic deficit that has led to important instances of social contestation and protest mobilizations by citizen groups as well as the more regular corps of social activists. From a perspective borrowed from the sociology of protest and social movements, sport mega-events hosting can operate as an issue that stimulates protest activities by an existing protest milieu and new actors as well as an important mobilizing resource. In fact, some scholars have also argued that the Olympic Games were an important frame for the transnational activism that was marked by anti-globalization protest in Seattle in 1999 (Cottrell & Nelson, 201; Lenskyj, 2008). In addition, it’s important not to lose sight of other acts dissent that take place in relatively close proximity, about a year before the event when most infrastructural and societal changes brought by hosting the event and impact start to become apparent by the host communities, like the rioting of August 2011 in the London Olympic Boroughs and the 2012 riots of June 2013 in Sao Paulo and other Brazilian cities. This paper starts by outlining the SD claims made in the bidding to host the summer Olympic Games by five prospective hosts (Sydney; Athens; Beijing; London and Rio) proceeds towards examining the opposition and challenges that was manifested in relation to these claims. In Particular it provides an assessment of protest-events over the aforementioned different phases of sport mega-events hosting. A different picture emerges for each of the host nation that is partly explained by local, national and global configuration of protest politics. Whereas the post-event legacy of the first two hosts of the Games can be assessed and that way see the validity of claims made by challengers in the other phases, in the other three cases, the implementation of Olympic Games Impact (OGI) studies offers the tool for discussing the post-event phase for Beijing and London and engage in a speculative exercise for the case of Rio. Judging by available findings, the paper concludes that the SD aspiration made in the bid documents are unlikely to be met and social contestation based on the same issues is likely to increase due to the current global economic crisis and BRICS, like China and Brazil, having entered the process of becoming global economic hegemons.