Practical calculations for uniform external pressure buckling in cylindrical shells with stepped walls

Metal cylindrical storage structures of significant size, such as silos and vertical-axis tanks, are almost always constructed from many short cylindrical shells of different thickness as the stress resultants on the wall progressively increase towards the base. The resulting increases in thickness are always made in step changes using metal sheets of uniform thickness because of the availability of such source materials. The result is a shell with a stepped wall with multiple discrete steps in thickness. Such shells are very susceptible to buckling under external pressure when empty or partially filled, but the buckling mode may involve only part of the shell height due to the changes in shell thickness. These changes must therefore be accounted for within the design process. A new method of determining the critical buckling resistance of such shells was recently developed, and although it has been shown to be valid, the methodology for its application in practical design has not been set out or shown. This paper therefore briefly describes the new method and demonstrates the manner in which it can be used to produce rapid, safe assessments of cylindrical shells with a wide range of patterns of wall thickness changes. The results are then suitable for direct introduction into such documents as the European standard on metal shells [1] and the ECCS Recommendations [2].

Liver morphology with emphasis on bile ducts changes and survival analysis in mice submitted to multiple Schistosoma mansoni infections and chemotherapy

In an attempt to be as close as possible to the infected and treated patients of the endemic areas of schistosomiasis (S. mansoni) and in order to achieve a long period of follow-up, mice were repeatedly infected with a low number of cercariae. Survival data and histological variables such as schistosomal granuloma, portal changes, hepatocellular necrosis, hepatocellular regeneration, schistosomotic pigment, periductal fibrosis and chiefly bile ducts changes were analysed in the infected treated and non treated mice. Oxamniquine chemotherapy in repeatedly infected mice prolonged survival significantly when compared to non-treated animals (chi-square 9.24, p = 0.0024), thus confirming previous results with a similar experimental model but with a shorter term follow-up. Furthermore, mortality decreased rapidly after treatment suggesting an abrupt reduction in the severity of hepatic lesions. A morphological and immunohistochemical study of the liver was carried out. Portal fibrosis, with a pattern resembling human Symmers fibrosis was present at a late phase in the infected animals. Bile duct lesions were quite close to those described in human Mansonian schistosomiasis. Schistosomal antigen was observed in one isolated altered bile duct cell. The pathogenesis of the bile duct changes and its relation to the parasite infection and/or their antigens are discussed.

Variation in genes related to hepatic lipid metabolism and changes in waist circumference and body weight.

We analysed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) tagging the genetic variability of six candidate genes (ATF6, FABP1, LPIN2, LPIN3, MLXIPL and MTTP) involved in the regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism, an important regulatory site of energy balance for associations with body mass index (BMI) and changes in weight and waist circumference. We also investigated effect modification by sex and dietary intake. Data of 6,287 individuals participating in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition were included in the analyses. Data on weight and waist circumference were followed up for 6.9 ± 2.5 years. Association of 69 tagSNPs with baseline BMI and annual changes in weight as well as waist circumference were investigated using linear regression analysis. Interactions with sex, GI and intake of carbohydrates, fat as well as saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids were examined by including multiplicative SNP-covariate terms into the regression model. Neither baseline BMI nor annual weight or waist circumference changes were significantly associated with variation in the selected genes in the entire study population after correction for multiple testing. One SNP (rs1164) in LPIN2 appeared to be significantly interacting with sex (p = 0.0003) and was associated with greater annual weight gain in men (56.8 ± 23.7 g/year per allele, p = 0.02) than in women (-25.5 ± 19.8 g/year per allele, p = 0.2). With respect to gene-nutrient interaction, we could not detect any significant interactions when accounting for multiple testing. Therefore, out of our six candidate genes, LPIN2 may be considered as a candidate for further studies.

Predominant learning styles among pharmacy students at the Federal University of Paraná, Brazil

Background: Learning styles are cognitive, emotional, and physiological traits, as well as indicators of how learners perceive, interact, and respond to their learning environments. According to Honey-Mumford, learning styles are classified as active, reflexive, theoretical, and pragmatic. Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the predominant learning styles among pharmacy students at the Federal University of Paraná, Brazil. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional, and descriptive study was conducted using the Honey-Alonso Learning Style Questionnaire. Students in the Bachelor of Pharmacy program were invited to participate in this study. The questionnaire comprised 80 randomized questions, 20 for each of the four learning styles. The maximum possible score was 20 points for each learning style, and cumulative scores indicated the predominant learning styles among the participants. Honey-Mumford (1986) proposed five preference levels for each style (very low, low, moderate, high, and very high), called a general interpretation scale, to avoid student identification with one learning style and ignoring the characteristics of the other styles. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Results: This study included 297 students (70% of all pharmacy students at the time) with a median age of 21 years old. Women comprised 77.1% of participants. The predominant style among pharmacy students at the Federal University of Paraná was the pragmatist, with a median of 14 (high preference). The pragmatist style prevails in people who are able to discover techniques related to their daily learning because such people are curious to discover new strategies and attempt to verify whether the strategies are efficient and valid. Because these people are direct and objective in their actions, pragmatists prefer to focus on practical issues that are validated and on problem situations. There was no statistically significant difference between genders with regard to learning styles. Conclusion: The pragmatist style is the prevailing style among pharmacy students at the Federal University of Paraná. Although students may have a learning preference that preference is not the only manner in which students can learn, neither their preference is the only manner in which students can be taught. Awareness of students’ learning styles can be used to adapt the methodology used by teachers to render the teaching-learning process effective and long lasting. The content taught to students should be presented in different manners because varying teaching methods can develop learning skills in students.

Communication et animalité : cartographie d'un commerce

Thèse réalisée en co-tutelle avec le Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris.

Música como aia da vontade: ensaio sobre a leitura wagneriana de Schopenhauer

In the year 1851, Richard Wagner had his first contact with the philosophy of Schopenhauer, a fact that was followed soon by his proclaimed and somewhat surprising conversion to schopenhauerianism. Tweny years later, his debt to Schopenhauer is reaffirmed in Beethoven, a comemorative writing in which are to be found the outlines of a philosophy of music - claimed by the composer to be based on Schopenhauer's aesthetics - that had great influence in Nietzsche's theoretical elaboration of the dionysiac, as it appears in The birth of Tragedy. My work aims primarily at investigating to what extent the musical aesthetics outlined in Beethoven is actually compatible with that presented in The world as Will and representation. The pointing out of remarkable differences between the two aesthetic conceptions gives then rise to some reflexions concerning the character of the relations between Wagner, Schopenhauer and the young Nietzsche.

Neurobiologia e cognição na aprendizagem simultânea de línguas estrangeiras : aquisição multilingue do léxico

Na sociedade moderna, constata-se que os indivíduos multilingues compreendem e falam várias línguas e que essa proficiência tem despertado, ao longo de várias décadas, a curiosidade de numerosos especialistas no assunto (neurolinguistas, psicolinguistas). Sobre este assunto, Dijkstra (2003:11) preconiza que os falantes multilingues devem ter armazenado um vasto número de palavras no seu léxico mental no qual parece ser difícil recuperar uma palavra. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho, que se enquadra no Mestrado em Português Língua Não Materna, oferece uma revisão da literatura sobre o conhecimento neurolinguístico e psicolinguístico da aquisição multilingue do léxico em sujeitos bi / multilingues ; tendo como ponto nevrálgico o controlo inibitório e o acesso lexical. No decorrer desta pesquisa, a qual pôde contar com a participação de trinta e três informantes falantes de português europeu (3 monolingues, 3 bilingues, 5 trilingues e 22 multilingues), procurou-se averiguar se os informantes bi / multilingues seriam mais rápidos e precisos do que os monolingues, aquando da realização de tarefas trilingues de nomeação oral de imagens e de decisão lexical. A investigação realizada fornece dados para uma reflexão sobre o modo como falantes com estas particularidades acedem ao (s) seu (s) reportório (s) linguístico (s), bem como sobre a forma como exercem o controlo inibitório sobre o seu vasto campo linguístico.

The Pocket companion; or, Every man his own lawyer. Laid down in so plain a manner, that the farmer, mechanic, apprentice, or school boy, can draw any instrument of writing, without the assistance of an attorney. Prefaced with several pages of scrip, showing a correct form in which an instrument of writing should be drawn, and to instruct those who wish to improve their hand writing at leisure hours, at home, without the instruction of a teacher.

Mode of access: Internet.

Sir Francis Drake revived : who is or may be a pattern to stirre up all heroicke and active spirits of these times, to benefit their countrey and eternize their names by like noble attempts : Being a summary and true relation of foure severall voyages made by the said Sir Francis Drake to the West-Indies ... His voyage made with Chistopher Carleill, Martin Frobusher, Francis Knollis, and others, Their taking the townes of Saint Jago, Sancto Domingo, Carthagena and Saint Augustine : His last voyage (in which he dyed) being accompanied with Sir John Hawkins, Sir Thomas Baskerfield, Sir Nicholas Clifford, with others : His manner of buriall /

La primera obra relata el viaje de 1572-1573, la segunda el viaje de 1577-1580, la tercera el de 1585-1586 y la última del viaje de 1595-1596, en el que murió.

Catalogue of birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History. including all species and subspecies known to occur in North America, Mexico, Central America, South America, the West Indies, and islands of the Caribbean Sea, the Galapagos Archipelago, and other islands which may properly be included on account of their faunal affinities /

v.13:pt.2:no.1(1918)

Dépistage et prévention chez les aînés: quelles interventions proposer, à qui, et jusqu'à quel âge [Screening and prevention in the elderly: which interventions should be proposed, to whom, and up to what age?].

Recommendations on preventive services rarely mention how to apply them to older people. Even though general criteria (prevalence of disease, quality of screening tests) that influence screening's efficacy remain important, appropriateness of screening in older persons depends much more on individual criteria, such as comorbidity, functional status, and life expectancy. More than with any other age group, patients preferences regarding future investigation and treatment guide the clinical decision. This article focuses on primary and secondary prevention, and discusses specific criteria to consider in each patient. A table summarizes the appropriate recommendations.

Catalogue of birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History and including all species and subspecies known to occur in North America, Mexico, Central America, South America, the West Indies, and islands of the Caribbean Sea, the Galapagos Archipelago, and other islands which may properly be included on account of their faunal affinities.

v.13:pt.1:no.1(1942)

Short nomenclator or vocabular in English and Hebrew: composed alphabetically for the use and benefit of my pupils in particular and for the advantage of those who are desirous to obtain the knowledge of the Hebrew tongue in general, which may be that great help to understand not only ye sacred oracles in their original, but even any Jewish author (so far as concern owns) as also it may give great insight in ye tongue to those, as to compose it, a work altogether new, [ca. 1735]

Headed on the first page with the words "Nomenclatura hebraica," this handwritten volume is a vocabulary with the Hebrew word in the left column, and the English translation on the right. While the book is arranged in sections by letter, individual entries do not appear in strict alphabetical order. The small vocabulary varies greatly and includes entries like enigma, excommunication, and martyr, as well as cucumber and maggot. There are translations of the astrological signs at the end of the volume. Poem written at the bottom of the last page in different hand: "Women when good the best of saints/ that bright seraphick lovely/ she, who nothing of an angel/ wants but truth & immortality./ Verse 2: Who silken limbs & charming/ face. Keeps nature warm."