89 resultados para macaúba


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Resumo: Cinco genes candidatos foram selecionados para identificar polimorfismos de nucleotídeo único e sua associação com a resposta de caprinos a nematoides gastrintestinais. Para isso, o DNA genômico dos animais mais resistentes e mais susceptíveis foi extraído e submetido ao sequenciamento de nova geração. Foram observados 71 SNPs, sendo 4 associados à resistência, o que os tornam alvos de estudos em toda a população de caprinos a fim de se confirmar essa associação. [Polymorphisms in IL-2, IL-5, IL-8, IL-12 e IFN-y genes and the response to gastrointestinal nematode in goats]. Abstract: Five candidate genes were selected to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms and its association with goat response to gastrointestinal nematodes. Genomic DNA from resistant and susceptible animals was extracted and submitted to new generation sequencing. It was observed 71 SNPs with 4 associated with resistance, which make them targets for studies on the entire population goats in order to confirm this association.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em Comunicação Social, vertente de Comunicação Estratégica

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Oitenta e uma macaubeiras (A. sclerocarpa) foram derrubadas e dissecadas na periferia de Belo Horizonte, no período de abril/ 1979 a julho/1980. Foram capturados 463 exemplares de Rhodnius neglectus, com uma taxa de infestação das palmeiras de 60,5% e uma média de 9,45% triatomineos/palmeira positiva. O R. neglectus nesta região parece apresentar uma unica geração anual, com possibilidade de duas, sendo que o periodo de oviposição se relaciona com os meses quentes do ano, coincidindo com a predominância de formas jovens sobre os adultos. A observação sugere que a densidade populacional do R. neglectus no seu ecotopo natural possa estar relacionada com a disponibilidade de alimento e com a presença de predadores como o Telenomus sp., formigas, aranhas, hemipteros, escorpiões e pseudo-escorpiões. O indice global de infecção pelo Trypanosoma cruzi foi de 15,9%, indicando o R. neglectus como um importante vetor silvestre deste tripanosomatídeo cuja principal fonte e constituída por marsupiais. O R. neglectus na regiao encontra-se estreitamente associado a palmeira de macaúba, e as aves que as frequentam constituem sua principal fonte alimentar. As observações não sugerem o R.neglectus como uma espécie transmissora do T. cruzi ao homem nesta região.

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The aim of this work is to present aspects related to the ecology of Rhodnius nasutus Stål, 1859 in palms from Chapada do Araripe in Ceará, Brazil. The following five species of palms were investigated: babaçu (Attalea speciosa), buriti (Mauritia flexuosa), carnaúba (Copernicia prunifera), catolé (Syagrus oleracea) and macaúba-barriguda (Acrocomia intumescens). Fifth palms were dissected (10 specimens for each species). The overall infestation index was 86%, with a total of 521 triatomines collected. The Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas, 1909 Index was 16.8% and two insects presented mixed infection with Trypanosoma rangeli Tejera, 1920. A precipitin test showed that R. nasutus from palms of Chapada do Araripe are associated with opossum and bird although other possible bloodmeals were observed. Our results showing a high index of infestation of the palms as well as T. cruzi infection, the association of R. nasutus with the most diverse species of palms and proximity of these palms to houses demonstrate the importance of this area for sylvatic T. cruzi transmission and suggest the need for epidemiological surveillance in the region of the Chapada do Araripe.

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar os níveis de ocorrência de pesticidas em água, tendo em vista preservar a água de contaminação por esses produtos na região de Guaíra, SP. A hipótese foi que o uso intensivo de pesticidas nessa região propiciaria a contaminação das águas superficiais e subterrâneas por seus resíduos. Para a caracterização das propriedades, das características e da dinâmica da água do solo, foi selecionada a Fazenda Macaúba por possuir relevo e solos característicos da região. Aproximadamente 80% da área da fazenda é constituída por Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico típico (LVdf), profundo. As áreas cultivadas apresentam um horizonte superficial (Ap) completamente desprovido de sua estrutura natural e, abaixo deste, um horizonte compactado, ambos frutos das práticas agrícolas. Durante dois anos e meio realizou-se o monitoramento do Ribeirão do Jardim que abastece a cidade de Guaíra, bem como de um de seus afluentes e da água subterrânea proveniente do Aqüífero Guarani, à procura de pesticidas. A água superficial foi coletada de 21em 21 dias e a subterrânea, no início e no final do período monitorado (dois anos e meio). Os produtos monitorados, trifluralina, endosulfan, lambda cialotrina, dicofol (4,4 diclorobenzofenona), captan, metil paration, clorotalonil e clorpirifós, foram selecionados a partir de um levantamento dos pesticidas utilizados em quatro áreas agrícolas localizadas na bacia do Ribeirão do Jardim e em razão da efetividade de um método de análise de resíduos múltiplos para sua quantificação. Os resultados analíticos indicaram que não houve contaminação da água subterrânea, mas que ocasionalmente houve contaminação direta das águas de superfície. A não-contaminação da água subterrânea deve-se principalmente às características dos Latossolos, como sua grande espessura, sua textura argilosa e sua grande capacidade de armazenamento de água.

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Frutos de palmeira bocaiuva (Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd.), coletados em Dourados (MS) e Presidente Epitácio (SP), foram analisados quanto ao aspecto biométrico, a composição química e as características físicas, visando a avaliar seu potencial alimentício. Os frutos de bocaiuva das regiões de procedência não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre si nas características biométricas. O rendimento médio da polpa foi de 42% em relação ao fruto inteiro, sendo superior ao encontrado na literatura para outros frutos de palmeiras. As determinações físicas e químicas da polpa dos frutos das regiões de Mato Grosso do Sul e São Paulo caracterizam a polpa como sendo pouco ácida (pH 5,70 a 6,29). As amostras de Dourados - MS, foram consideradas mais doces (14,53% de açúcares redutores totais) e com maior teor de vitamina C (34,57 mg.100 g-1) em relação às amostras de Presidente Epitácio-SP (11,46 mg.100 g-1). Porém, a intensidade da cor amarelo-laranja foi maior na polpa dos frutos de Presidente Epitácio (SP), sugerindo maior conteúdo de carotenoides.

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Informações a respeito das características químicas e do valor nutritivo dos frutos do cerrado são ferramentas básicas para a avaliação do consumo e para a formulação de novos produtos. No entanto, poucos dados estão disponíveis na literatura especializada com relação à composição química destes frutos e sua aplicação tecnológica, ressaltando a necessidade de pesquisas científicas sobre o assunto. Realizou-se o presente estudo com o objetivo de caracterizar físico-quimicamente e determinar a atividade antioxidante in vitro, pelo método DPPH, da cagaita (Eugenia dysenterica), cajuzinho-do-cerrado (Anacardium humile), chichá (Sterculia striata Naud.), jatobá-do-cerrado (Hymenaea stigonocarpa Mart.) e macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata Mart.). Os frutos foram colhidos na EMBRAPA - MEIO NORTE - PI, e na Cidade de Corrente-PI. Analisaram-se as características físicas (peso, comprimento e diâmetro), químicas (umidade, cinzas, lipídeos, proteínas, carboidratos), Valor Energético Total (VET), conteúdo de compostos fenólicos totais, flavonoides, antocianinas, β-caroteno, licopeno, vitamina C e atividade antioxidante pelo método DPPH. As amostras foram analisadas em dois lotes, e cada análise, em triplicata. Para a análise dos dados, foi elaborado um banco de dados, utilizando-se do programa estatístico EPI INFO, versão 6.04b, e o programa EXCEL. Os resultados obtidos para os compostos bioativos estudados demonstraram que todos os frutos apresentaram quantidade elevada de vitamina C (mg/100g), destacando-se o cajuzinho-do-cerrado (500). Os frutos que apresentaram maior capacidade antioxidante, expressos em capacidade de reduzir em 50% a atividade do radical livre DPPH (EC50mg/L), foram cagaita (Eugenia dysenterica Dc.) e cajuzinho-do-cerrado (Anacardium humile). Concluiu-se, portanto, que os frutos pesquisados apresentaram bom valor nutritivo, um elevado conteúdo de compostos bioativos e demonstraram atividade antioxidante.

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Foi avaliada a eficácia de produtos alternativos aos agroquímicos no controle da antracnose na pós-colheita de mangas 'Ubá'. Frutos fisiologicamente maduros foram pulverizados até o completo molhamento, com suspensão de conídios de Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, na concentração de 2,5 x 10(5) conídios/mL. Após a secagem ao ar, foram pulverizados com água destilada (testemunha), tween 20 (8 mL/L de solução), Prochloraz (1,10 mL de Sportak 450 EC/L de solução), óleo de alho (10 mL/L + 8 mL/L de tween 20), óleo de amêndoa de Acrocomia aculeata + leite em pó instantâneo (LPI) (25 mL/L+ 10 g LPI/L), óleo de amêndoa de A. aculeata + tween (25 mL/L + 8 mL/L de tween 20), biofertilizante agro-mos® (100 µL/L), óleo de neen (10 mL/L + 8 mL/L de tween 20), quitosana (10 mL/L + 8 mL/L de tween 20) e biomassa cítrica (10 mL/L + 8 mL/L tween 20).O solvente utilizado foi água destilada. Avaliaram-se o período de incubação, o período latente, a perda de massa fresca, a produção de CO² e, diariamente, a severidade e incidência da doença. Os períodos mais curtos de incubação da doença foram observados nos frutos tratados com óleo de neen, água + tween e biomassa cítrica, com aproximadamente cinco dias. O óleo de amêndoa de A. aculeata + LPI e agro-mos® foram os produtos que mais retardaram o aparecimento dos sintomas, impondo à doença o período de incubação de nove dias após a inoculação do patógeno. Quanto à severidade, o óleo de amêndoa de macaúba + LPI e o Prochloraz foram os mais eficientes em conter o crescimento do patógeno até o oitavo dia após a inoculação, sendo que, logo depois, os frutos tratados com óleo de amêndoa de A. aculeata + LPI se igualaram àqueles tratados com a maioria dos demais produtos. Os frutos tratados com óleo de amêndoa de A. aculeata + LPI e óleo de amêndoa de A. aculeata + tween manifestaram as estruturas do patógeno apenas após 13 e 14 dias de avaliação, respectivamente. As maiores perdas de massa foram observadas nos frutos tratados com óleo de alho e biomassa cítrica, com 8,31% e 8,44%, respectivamente, no dia 14. Quanto à produção de CO², o óleo de amêndoa de A. aculeata + LPI e óleo de amêndoa de A. aculeata + tween mantiveram a taxa respiratória crescente, sendo que, no dia 12 ocorreu um leve aumento na respiração. Dessa forma, conclui-se que, além do Prochloraz, o óleo de amêndoa de A. aculeata + LPI e óleo de amêndoa de A. aculeata + tween têm bom potencial para controle da antracnose em manga 'Ubá'.

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Foram analisadas amostras de quiabo dos municípios de Caruaru e Vitória de Santo Antão, em Pernambuco, assim como nos municípios de Ceará-Mirim, Macaíba e Extremoz no estado do Rio Grande do Norte. A aplicação de dois métodos de análise exploratória de dados: Análise de Componentes principais - PCA e Análise de Agrupamentos Hierárquicos - HCA permitiu a discriminação geográfica do quiabo proveniente dos dois estados.

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On this paper, I propose a reflexion on the formation of a youth maroon, as a political subject , based on experience, personal expectations and social projects in the construction of a political identity in the community quilombola Capoeiras, which is located in the district of Macaíba (RN). I observed two social situations; the projects of the Pau-furado Youth and the Swingueira Quilombola , those kinds of dances that have as protagonists or as audience the youth people who lives in the community here mentioned, those people that legitimize and innovate in these traditions and roles they play and crucial positions in the construction of ethnic identities and generation within a political community. It seeks to understand the place of youth in this new context of political affirmation and identity. It is, therefore, to understand the diversity in their local youth from different social, cultural, political and economic

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This research covers the topic of social housing and its relation to thermal comfort, so applied to an architectural and urban intervention in land situated in central urban area of Macaíba/RN, Brazil. Reflecting on the role of design and use of alternative building materials in the search for better performance is one of its main goals. The hypothesis is that by changing design parameters and choice of materials, it is possible to achieve better thermal performance results. Thus, we performed computer simulations of thermal performance and natural ventilation using computational fluid dynamics or CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics). The presentation of the thermal simulation followed the methodology proposed in the dissertation Negreiros (2010), which aims to find the percentage of the amount of hours of comfort obtained throughout the year, while data analysis was made of natural ventilation from images generated by the images extracted from the CFD. From model building designed, was fitted an analytical framework that results in a comparison between three different proposals for dwellings housing model, which is evaluated the question of the thermal performance of buildings, and also deals with the spatial variables design, construction materials and costs. It is concluded that the final report confirmed the general hypotheses set at the start of the study, it was possible to quantify the results and identify the importance of design and construction materials are equivalent, and that, if combined, lead to gains in thermal performance potential.

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This work aimed to study the structure and dynamic of Phytoplankton and Bacterioplankton in a complete cycle of shrimp cultivation (Litopenaeus vannamei) and determine the environmental factors responsible for the structural changes of these communities. The study was realized in a saltwater shrimp farm (Macaíba, RN), between September/2005 and February/2006, and in a freshwater shrimp farm (Ceará Mirim, RN), between May/2007 and September 2007. The samplings were collected weekly in saltwater farm and every fifteen days in freshwater farm. Total phosphorus, chlorophyll a and environmental parameters (pH, dissolved oxygen, salinity, temperature, depth and water transparency) were measured. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the phytoplankton and bacterioplankton were carried out. The Shannon-Wiener ecologic indexes of diversity and the Pielou equitability indexes were calculated to the phytoplankton. Bacterial density was determined by epifluorescence microscopy. The data were statistically analyzed by Pearson correlation and t-Test. Chlorophycea were predominat in salt water and in the captation/drainage point (24 to 99%). Diatoms had higher wealth. The species Choricystis minor had the highest occurrence (100%) and dominance (90-100%), thus showing its adaptation to the high temperatures, salinity and low water transparency conditions. Filamentous Cyanobacteria like Oscillatoria sp., Pseudoanabaena sp. and Phormidium sp. had constant levels. The negative correlation between chlorophycea and water transparency, and the positive correlation between chlorophyll a and salinity, showed that the phytoplankton was well adapted to the low transparency and to the high salinity. The bacterioplankton was negatively correlated with the total phosphorus and salinity. In freshwater, Cyanobacteria were predominant (>80%), presenting some producers of toxins species like Microcystis sp., Aphanizomenon sp., Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii e Anabaena circinalis. Cyanobacterial density and total phosphorus and chlorophyll a concentrations exceeded the maximum value allowed by legislation. The means of total phosphorus varied from 264 to 627 Wg.L-1 and the means of chlorophyll a oscillated between 22 and 182 Wg.L-1. The phytoplankton species were selected by low availability of the light, high pH, temperature and high availability of total phosphorus. The bacterioplankton showed high densities (5,13 x 107 to 8,50 x107 Bac.mL-1). The studied environments (ponds and rivers) presented a high level of trophic state based on the high concentrations of chlorophyll a and total phosphorus and cyanobacteria dominance. The composition of species in the ponds and rivers was similar, as well as high concentrations of total phosphorus and chlorophyll a, highlighting the pollution caused by the discharges of the farms in natural environment

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The Visceral Leishmaniose (LV) disease is endemic in some places in Brazil. It is caused by the protozoa Leishmania chagasi, being transmitted for vector, the phlebotomies, Lutzomyia longipalpis. In virtue of the expansion of the illness in Rio Grande do Norte, it is necessary to evaluate the determinative ambient factors in the proliferation of the vector for better control of the illness. The variable rainfall and the social variables had been analyzed using space regression with two models and the ambient variable of ZANE and the variables analyzed in 205 houses in the cities of Natal, Extremoz, Nísia Floresta, São Gonçalo do Amarante, São Jose do Mipibu, Parnamirim and Macaíba the Person and ML Chi-square were used . The analyses had shown that high rainfall, plain relief, the forest, the humid tropical climate the activities of production culture of sugar cane and fruit culture and the presence of bovines increase the risk of the LV. The work showed that it has space aggregation and that ambient factors influence in the LV in the State

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Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has a wide geographical distribution in tropical and subtropical areas of the planet, which is a protozoan parasite of the genus Leishmania. This pathogen is transmitted to the host through the sandflies bite, with its saliva, the immune response that leads to both. In the state of Rio Grande do Norte, 85% of the sand flies captured is Lutzomyia longipalpis, but the second most abundant, Lutzomyia evandroi, it deserves emphasis because its wide distribution and eclectic behavior. The exposure of people living in endemic areas for the insect vector VL greatly increases the chances of infection. This study aimed to evaluate aspects of the epidemiological profile of VL in endemic areas of human and nonendemic in the metropolitan area of Natal, as well as verify the abundance and seasonal fluctuations of sandflies species in two counties endemic for VL. Were collected in the municipalities of Nísia Floresta, Parnamirim, São Gonçalo do Amarante and Macaíba, of which groups of females were separated for further dissection of the salivary glands and identification of species. The blood samples used were from individuals of two Natal s districts where it has never been reported cases of VL and neighborhoods of Parnamirim applicants who present cases of VL. In the municipality of Nísia Floresta, the most abundant species was L. evandroi with 38.39%, followed by L. longipalpis with 36.22%, L. walkeri 19.67% L. lenti 3.81%, L. wellcomei 1.39% and L. whitmani 0.52%. Already in Parnamirim the proportions were L. walkeri with 73.15%, L. evandroi with 10.55%, L. wellcomei 7.63%, L. longipalpis 6.37%, L. whitmani 1.46%, L. sordellii 0.52%, L. intermedia 0.21 and L. shanonni 0.1%. In both municipalities was observed higher abundance of species distributed in the initial months of the year, as February and March. The study showed that no difference in exposure to the vector of VL among individuals from endemic and non endemic area for this disease. But there are differences in exposure between individuals of L. longipalpis and L. evandroi, confirming the great powers of the first vector. It was also characterized as predominant phenotype in the population of endemic areas who had negative serologic responses to antigens of Leishmania and result in negative Montenegro skin test (DTH), indicating that much of the population hasn t been bitten by infected insects

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The acceleration of industrial growth in recent decades on all continents aroused the interest of the companies to counter the impacts produced on the environment, spurred primarily by major disasters in the petroleum industry. In this context, the water produced is responsible for the largest volume of effluent from the production and extraction of oil and natural gas. This effluent has in its composition some critical components such as inorganic salts, heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, ), presence of oil and chemicals added in the various production processes. In response to impact, have been triggered by research alternative adsorbent materials for water treatment and water produced, in order to removing oils and acids and heavy metals. Many surveys of diatomaceous earth (diatomite) in Brazil involve studies on the physico-chemical, mineral deposits, extraction, processing and applications. The official estimated Jazi are around 2.5 million tonnes, the main located in the states of Bahia (44%) and Rio Grande do Norte (37,4%). Moreover, these two states appear as large offshore producers, earning a prominent role in research of adsorbents such as diatomite for treatment of water produced. Its main applications are as an agent of filtration, adsorption of oils and greases, industrial load and thermal insulator. The objective of this work was the processing and characterization of diatomite diatomaceous earth obtained from the municipality of Macaíba-RN (known locally as tabatinga) as a low cost regenerative adsorbent for removal of heavy metals in the application of water produced treatment. In this work we adopted a methodology for batch processing, practiced by small businesses located in producing regions of Brazil. The characterization was made by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and specific surface area (BET). Research conducted showed that the improvement process used was effective for small volume production of diatomite concentrated. The diatomite obtained was treated by calcination at temperature of 900 oC for 2 hours, with and without fluxing Na2CO3 (4%), according to optimal results in the literature. Column adsorption experiments were conducted to percolation of the in nature, calcined and calcined fluxing diatomites. Effluent was used as a saline solution containing ions of Cu, Zn, Na, Ca and Mg simulating the composition of produced waters in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The breakthrough curves for simultaneous removal of copper ions and zinc as a result, 84.3% for calcined diatomite and diatomite with 97.3 % for fluxing. The calcined fluxing diatomite was more efficient permeability through the bed and removal of copper and zinc ions. The fresh diatomite had trouble with the permeability through the bed under the conditions tested, compared with the other obtained diatomite. The results are presented as promising for application in the petroleum industry