Ilmataisteluhävittäjien IRST - järjestelmät

Ilmataisteluhävittäjien häiveominaisuudet ja mikroaaltotaajuusalueen elektronisen sodankäynnin keinot ovat kehittyneet voimakkaasti. Sen seurauksena on noussut tarve muille sensoreille mikroaaltotutkan rinnalle. IRST-järjestelmät, joita tässä tutkielmassa tarkastellaan, ovat olleet yksi ratkaisu. Tutkielman tavoite on selvittää, mikä on IRST-järjestelmä, mihin ilmataisteluhävittäjiin ja minkälaisia järjestelmiä on asennettu. Tutkielma on toteutettu kirjallisuustutkimuksena analysoimalla julkisista lähteistä kerättyä aineistoa. Järjestelmän määrittelyssä ja teknisessä tarkastelussa käytettiin kirjallisuuslähteitä. Yksittäisten järjestelmien ja asennuslavettien tarkastelussa käytettiin sähköisiä lähteitä. IRST-järjestelmät ovat passiivisia infrapunasensoreita, jotka kykenevät havaitsemaan, seuraamaan ja osoittamaan asejärjestelmille maaleja pitkiltä etäisyyksiltä. Järjestelmät muodostavat automaattisesti maalista kolmiulotteisen sijainnin aselavettiin ja maapalloon nähden. IRST-järjestelmissä on ilmataistelututkien tavoin monia toimintamoodeja ja niiden tieto pystytään yhdistämään muiden sensoreiden tietoihin tilannekuvan muodostamiseksi. IRST-järjestelmiä on asennettu hävittäjiin 1960-luvulta lähtien. Niitä on pääosin asennettu venäläiseen kalustoon, mutta erityisesti viime aikoina myös eurooppalaiseen ja amerikkalaiseen kalustoon. Niiden tarkkuus ja havainnointietäisyys on kasvanut huomattavasti ja ne ovat nykyään joiltain osin jopa ilmataistelututkien veroisia. Perinteistä ilmataistelututkaa vastaan suunnitellut vastatoimet eivät toimi IRST-järjestelmiä vastaan ja ne mahdollistavat tilannekuvan luomisen passiivisesti. IRST-järjestelmät tulevat olemaan tulevaisuudessa osa ilmataisteluhävittäjien sensorikokonaisuutta ja Ilmavoimien tulevassa

The storying of an educator: the power of living legacy /

"I began these pages for myself, in order to think out my own particular pattern of living, my own individual balance of life, work and human relationships." Lindbergh (1983) p.9. In this thesis, I use self-study research as I focus on the topic of living legacy. This is a personal story, using narrative methodology and method as a means of uncovering and naming life lessons learned. I write to gain insight into my interpretation of the concept of living legacy - what living legacy means to me and why this concept is significant to me - and how living legacy impacts the person that I am in the present. Using a narrative lens, I inquire into stories that connect me to my spirit, my gender, education and theology, through my living legacy lessons, and I seek the impact these stories hold for me in my life today. I utilize a variety of methods including personal journals, course work, and arts-based research experiences as I explore the connections to my emerging perceptions ofmy living legacy lessons. This thesis represents the beginning of a continuing journey of self-discovery. I take the journey in order to uncover hidden and ongoing lessons of living legacy and the impact they have on the student and educator that I am.

Doctor Congalton's legacy : a chronicle of North country by-ways by Henry Johnston

UANL

Colonial Ideology and Legacy and Feminine Resistance in Jamaica Kincaid

Mon mémoire "Colonial Ideology and Legacy and Feminine Resistance in Jamaica Kincaid" est une lecture féminine de la colonisation. Il définit, en premier lieu, l'idéologie coloniale comme une idéologie manichéiste et déshumanisante. Étant critique de cette idéologie binaire et réductrice, mon mémoire déchiffre et propose une résistance féminine, riche et diverse, à travers quelques écrits eux même divers de l'écrivaine Jamaica Kincaid. Ce mémoire conteste toute idée reçue sur la femme, en s'appuyant sur des théories anticoloniales et féministes. Il s'agit en effet d'un travail déconstructif où je vise inlassablement à décortiquer et à délégitimer ces hiérarchies qui habitent nos pensées et nos corps, et qui, entravent l'épanouissement de l'être humain. Les trois chapitres qui forment le corps de mon mémoire sont organisés à chaque fois en terme d'oppression et de résistance; de déshumanisation et humanisation, où le sujet colonisé essaie de se libérer des différentes formes d'oppression pour vivre pleinement son humanité. Cette relation hiérarchique est représentée métaphoriquement à travers la relation mère-fille, une relation que j'étudie dans le deuxième chapitre. Le troisième chapitre s'intéresse au mouvement du corps féminin, qui devient l'espace de résistance à une identité limitatrice.

Learning from the past : the legacy of medieval Iberia for 21st century education. 'El legado de la Península Ibérica en la época medieval : una valiosa fuente de recursos para los retos educativos del siglo XXI'.

Resumen basado en el de la publicación

Trace elements biogeochemistry in high mountain lake catchments: identifying anthropogenic versus natural components from the atmospheric contamination legacy in remote natural areas

Human activities have been interfering with the natural biogeochemical cycles of trace elements since the ancient civilizations. Although they are inaccessible and remote, high mountain lake catchments are irrefutably trace-element contaminated by anthropogenic emissions, which can travel by long-range atmospheric transport before they are deposited. This has been revealed by several natural archives. High mountain lake catchments are thus excellent sentinels of long-range contamination. Continuous accumulation can lead to a build up of potentially toxic trace elements in these remote, or relatively remote, ecosystems. The thesis focuses on the biogeochemistry of a suite of trace elements of environmental concern (Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd and Pb) in Pyrenean lake catchments, with special emphasis on discerning the “natural” components from the “anthropogenic” contributions. Five other metallic elements (Al, Fe, Ti, Mn and Zr) have also been studied to trace natural fluxes and biogeochemical processes within the lake catchment systems.

Incorporating Legacy Soil pH Databases into Digital Soil Maps

Soil data and reliable soil maps are imperative for environmental management. conservation and policy. Data from historical point surveys, e.g. experiment site data and farmers fields can serve this purpose. However, legacy soil information is not necessarily collected for spatial analysis and mapping such that the data may not have immediately useful geo-references. Methods are required to utilise these historical soil databases so that we can produce quantitative maps of soil propel-ties to assess spatial and temporal trends but also to assess where future sampling is required. This paper discusses two such databases: the Representative Soil Sampling Scheme which has monitored the agricultural soil in England and Wales from 1969 to 2003 (between 400 and 900 bulked soil samples were taken annually from different agricultural fields); and the former State Chemistry Laboratory, Victoria, Australia where between 1973 and 1994 approximately 80,000 soil samples were submitted for analysis by farmers. Previous statistical analyses have been performed using administrative regions (with sharp boundaries) for both databases, which are largely unrelated to natural features. For a more detailed spatial analysis that call be linked to climate and terrain attributes, gradual variation of these soil properties should be described. Geostatistical techniques such as ordinary kriging are suited to this. This paper describes the format of the databases and initial approaches as to how they can be used for digital soil mapping. For this paper we have selected soil pH to illustrate the analyses for both databases.

The life history legacy of evolutionary body size change in carnivores

We estimate the body sizes of direct ancestors of extant carnivores, and examine selected aspects of life history as a function not only of species' current size, but also of recent changes in size. Carnivore species that have undergone marked recent evolutionary size change show life history characteristics typically associated with species closer to the ancestral body size. Thus, phyletic giants tend to mature earlier and have larger litters of smaller offspring at shorter intervals than do species of the same body size that are not phyletic giants. Phyletic dwarfs, by contrast, have slower life histories than nondwarf species of the same body size. We discuss two possible mechanisms for the legacy of recent size change: lag (in which life history variables cannot evolve as quickly as body size, leading to species having the 'wrong' life history for their body size) and body size optimization (in which life history and hence body size evolve in response to changes in energy availability); at present, we cannot distinguish between these alternatives. Our finding that recent body size changes help explain residual variation around life history allometries shows that a more dynamic view of character change enables comparative studies to make more precise predictions about species traits in the context of their evolutionary background.