Influência das principais commodities agropecuárias e de variáveis macroeconômicas sobre os preços da terra agrícola no Brasil

Este trabalho tem como proposta investigar como o preço de terras de uso rural no Brasil é afetado pelos preços e exportações das principais commodities agropecuárias, bem como por variáveis macroeconômicas, como taxa básica de juros, taxa de câmbio, taxa de inflação e disponibilidade de crédito agrícola. Para tal foram consideradas as produções agrícola de algodão, café, cana-de-açúcar (e seus principais produtos açúcar e etanol), milho e soja, a produção pecuária de carne bovina e a produção industrial de celulose de fibra curta com foco em sua principal matéria prima, os plantios reflorestados de eucalipto. Em linha com estudos anteriores, foi encontrada evidência empírica de que o preço da terra possui cointegração com algumas das variáveis agrícolas, pecuárias e florestais citadas, em especial em estados com maior vocação agropecuária e/ou para silvicultura. Quanto às variáveis macroeconômicas, apenas a taxa básica de juros apresentou cointegração com o preço de terras para todos os estados avaliados, taxa de câmbio e disponibilidade de crédito rural não aparecem como variáveis estatisticamente significantes. Conclui-se que, para estados com notável participação na balança comercial brasileira de produtos agrossilvipastoris, é possível obter um modelo de equilibro de longo prazo entre o preço da terra de uso rural e as variáveis destacadas acima, de modo que investidores do setor possam utilizá-lo como ferramenta de projeção no auxílio da tomada de decisão além de avaliar potenciais impactos no valor de seus ativos A inovação do presente estudo está em testar as hipóteses de cointegração para cada um dos estados da federação.

Quem tem direito à moradia? :uma análise da política nacional de habitação e dos programas de habitação de interesse social (2003-2005)

This dissertation analyses the Brazilian housing policy of today s, focusing on the programmes in the socalled Social Interest Housing Subsystem in order to discuss to what extent the government has been able to grant housing constitutional rights in the country. The discussion is about housing policy and the principles in the country s Constitution regarding the role of housing as a social right, a right that must be granted by the state. This refers to land rent theory to understand the relationship between capital and property and the reasons why, under capitalism, housing becomes a commodity in the market. Then, it discusses the national housing policy, which emphasizes land ownership through financing, that is, via market, a process that excludes all low income population. In the conclusion, it is clear that, although government programmes cover extensively at least potentially the national territory as well as social group, subsidized housing programmes cannot be implemented in the city due to land prices because subsidy is too low. In this way, the law that grants housing rights to all Brazilian citizens is violated

Inferência geográfica para delimitação de corredores ecológicos: um estudo de caso para a Mata Atlântica do município de Tibau do Sul/RN

The Atlantic Forest biome occupies much of the Atlantic coast of Brazil, in addition to portions of Paraguay and Argentina. Due mainly to its biodiversity which falls in the group of global hotspots, i.e., areas that have high priority for conservation. Although currently there are some available devices that assist in their protection in the course of the history of occupation and exploitation of the Brazilian territory, this biome has gone, and is still going through, an intense process of devastation, caused mainly by the pressure from economic activities, culminating in a significant reduction of its area and consequent fragmentation of the landscape, which brings with hosts a series of problems at various scales and aspects. As in most municipalities included in the reach area of the biome, the situation of forest fragmentation in Tibau do Sul / RN is quite critical, reflecting on a truly diverse landscape with broad typology of land uses. Among the alternatives aimed at the conservation of this biome include the creation of protected areas and the creation of ecological corridors, the latter being more efficient by connecting the remaining forests, increasing landscape connectivity, providing significant gains in relation to biodiversity. However, a major problem on implementation of Ecological Corridors projects is related to the selection of areas for this purpose, in this sense Geography can provide important contributions through the integrated study of landscape in the light of the geosystemic approach and the use of Geographical Information System (GIS) in order to permit assessment of reality having as a base the integration of ecological, biological and man-made aspects. Thus, this research aims to indicate potential areas and propose scenarios delimitation of Ecological Corridors in the municipality of Tibau do Sul / RN through Geographic Inference techniques in GIS platform. Therefore, the methodology adopted is based on the Geosystemic approach. From these elements were created 4 models to indicate potential areas for implementation of Ecological Corridors from the environmental perspective (potential erosion), socioeconomic (cover and land prices), legislative (areas protected by environmental legislation) and integrated (combination of environmental factors, socioeconomic and legislative), which in turn served as a basis for proposing scenarios aimed at this purpose. The results showed that all models can be quite useful in indicating potential areas for the establishment of ecological corridors, especially when based on an integrated approach between environmental and anthropogenic. The Corridors delimitation proposes shown may perform duties beyond the establishment of connectivity between fragments, since they also may have usefulness in controlling erosion and protecting fragile environments. Among the models developed, the integrated constituted itself as the best option because it enabled the interconnection of a larger number of fragments from a better use of the potentialities present in the landscape

A produção social do espaço urbano em Londrina - PR: a valorização imobiliária e a reestruturação urbana

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Estudo da distribuição espacial dos condomínios horizontais fechados e loteamentos fechados na cidade de Rio Claro-SP

In Brazil, the proliferation phenomenon of gated communities and land lots had its origins in big cities, such as Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo, since 1970. The implementation of these types of intramural housing are done in expanding are as of the city, based on the availability of bigger lots, lower land prices, and the search for are as closer to nature. The gated communities and land lots that, initially, had their architecture only accessible to the higher social classes, as a second home alternative away from urban problems, nowadays they can be reached by other social classes as well. Gated communities and land lots find their way to the center of larger cities, sustained mostly by the speech of real state entrepreneurs, and by its social “status”, a new emerging characteristic of this time period. The expansion of gated communities and land lots also change the cities lands cape and social spatial configuration. This work, therefore, attends the localization of gated communities and land lots spread out in the city of Rio Claro. It analyzes the scale in which the dynamics of the city’s urban expansion influenced the current distribution of these types of housing

RB34-71 Effects of Inflation and Deflation Upon Nebraska Agriculture, 1914 to 1932

Nebraska farmers prospered during the period which followed the depression of the nineties and preceded the beginning of the World War. To be sure the prosperity was not uniformly distributed either by years or by areas. The corn crop was unusually short in a large portion of the state in 1901 and an almost total failure in many of the southern counties in 1913. Chinch bugs did considerable injury in 1901 and the Hessian fly in 1905 and 1914. There was noticeable damage from insects in some areas in other years. No part of the state, however, suffered from long-continued drouth or repeated ravages of insect pests. The depression of 1907 affected credit and prices very severly for a few months, but recovery was rapid and within less than a year business was again moving forward. This 1934 research bulletin covers the problems of inflation and deflation; changes in the prices of various commodities during inflation and deflation; prices and purchasing power of Nebraska farm products, 1914 to 1932; adjustments during inflation and deflation; the effect of wages on Nebraska agriculture; taxes; Nebraska farm income; changes in types of farming in Nebraska, 1914 to 1932; the banking situation; Nebraska farm land prices; and the effects of inflation and deflation upon Nebraska businesses.

Urban Expansion and its impact on urban agriculture - remote sensing based change analysis of Kizinga and Mzinga Valley - Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania

Urban agriculture is a phenomenon that can be observed world-wide, particularly in cities of devel- oping countries. It is contributing significantly to food security and food safety and has sustained livelihood of the urban and peri-urban low income dwe llers in developing countries for many years. Population increase due to rural-urban migration and natural - formal as well as informal - urbani- sation are competing with urban farming for available space and scarce water resources. A mul- titemporal and multisensoral urban change analysis over the period of 25 years (1982-2007) was performed in order to measure and visualise the urban expansion along the Kizinga and Mzinga valley in the south of Dar Es Salaam. Airphotos and VHR satellite data were analysed by using a combination of a composition of anisotropic textural measures and spectral information. The study revealed that unplanned built-up area is expanding continuously, and vegetation covers and agricultural lands decline at a fast rate. The validation showed that the overall classification accuracy varied depending on the database. The extracted built-up areas were used for visual in- terpretation mapping purposes and served as information source for another research project. The maps visualise an urban congestion and expansion of nearly 18% of the total analysed area that had taken place in the Kizinga valley between 1982 and 2007. The same development can be ob- served in the less developed and more remote Mzinga valley between 1981 and 2002. Both areas underwent fast changes where land prices still tend to go up and an influx of people both from rural and urban areas continuously increase the density with the consequence of increasing multiple land use interests.

Urban expansion and its impact on urban agriculture – remote sensing based change analysis of Kizinga and Mzinga Valley – Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania

Urban agriculture is a phenomenon that can be observed world-wide, particularly in cities of devel-oping countries. It is contributing significantly to food security and food safety and has sustained livelihood of the urban and peri-urban low income dwellers in developing countries for many years. Population increase due to rural-urban migration and natural, coupled with formal as well as infor-mal urbanization are competing with urban farming for available space and scarce water resources. A multitemporal multisensoral urban change analysis over the period of 25 years (1982-2007) was performed in order to measure and visualize the urban expansion along the Kizinga and Mzinga valley in the South of Dar es Salaam. Airphotos and VHR satellite data were analyzed by using a combination of a composition of anisotropic textural measures and spectral information. The study revealed that unplanned built-up area is expanding continuously and vegetation covers and agricultural lands decline at a fast rate. The validation showed that the overall classification accuracy varied depending on the database. The extracted built-up areas were used for visual in-terpretation mapping purposes and served as information source for another research project. The maps visualize an urban congestion and expansion of nearly 18% of the total analyzed area that had taken place in the Kizinga valley between 1982 and 2007. The same development can be ob-served in the less developed and more remote Mzinga valley between 1981 and 2002. Both areas underwent fast changes where land prices still tend to go up and an influx of people both from rural and urban areas continuously increase density with the consequence of increasing multiple land use interests.

Crecimiento económico, mercado inmobiliario y ausencia de política de suelo : un análisis de la expansión del espacio residencial de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires en los 2000

A pesar del crecimiento económico y del notable dinamismo que caracterizó al mercado inmobiliario y la construcción a partir de la recuperación económica de 2003 en Argentina, se restringieron las históricas condiciones para acceder a una vivienda en ámbitos urbanos bien servidos y ubicados. En la lógica actual del contexto macroeconómico y en la lógica del comportamiento territorial y de los agentes económicos del mercado inmobiliario pueden rastrearse algunos elementos para comprender este aspecto que tan caro le vale al derecho a la ciudad. Para atender esta hipótesis se pregunta lo siguiente: ¿Cuál fue la evolución territorial del precio del suelo entre 2001 y 2006 en la ciudad de Buenos Aires?, ¿cuáles fueron los principales factores que motivaron tal comportamiento y, específicamente, qué papel jugaron los agentes económicos del mercado inmobiliario en esa dinámica?, y ¿qué efectos viene teniendo el contexto macroeconómico actual el singular comportamiento de este mercado en el acceso a la vivienda?

Ocupaçâo, valorizaçâo e comércio de terras no norte do Rio Grande do Sul - séculos 19 e 20

This article focuses on some aspects of the agrarian history of Soledade, a town in the north of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. Our aim is to understand how this area was in many ways affected by the Land Law of 1850, particularly in economic and social terms. Population growth, arrival of European immigrants and increasing privatization of the commons contributed for the increasing of land prices in the region during the second half of the 19 th century. Understanding this situation as a great opportunity to make money, some landowners, directly or through a colonization company, allotted and sold the land they had previously acquired through the Land Law of 1850

El fin del yermo : La emergencia de un nuevo mercado inmobiliario rural y los precios de la tierra en las colonias agrícolas de la provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina (1860-1895)

A pesar de los excelentes avances historiográficos sobre la expansión agrícola santafesina decimonónica, faltan aún datos clave sobre este fenómeno, entre ellos, el comportamiento de los precios de la tierra por lo menos en el mediano y largo plazo. El artículo buscará analizar la emergencia y la evolución del mercado inmobiliario rural en la provincia y, a la vez, presentar series de precios de la tierra entre 1860 y 1895, realizadas a partir de información provista por protocolos notariales. Buscamos así que dicha evidencia no sólo pueda ser de utilidad para investigaciones paralelas, sino que también aporte nuevas hipótesis al conocimiento sobre la formación de los mercados inmobiliarios en la región pampeana

El fin del yermo : La emergencia de un nuevo mercado inmobiliario rural y los precios de la tierra en las colonias agrícolas de la provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina (1860-1895)

A pesar de los excelentes avances historiográficos sobre la expansión agrícola santafesina decimonónica, faltan aún datos clave sobre este fenómeno, entre ellos, el comportamiento de los precios de la tierra por lo menos en el mediano y largo plazo. El artículo buscará analizar la emergencia y la evolución del mercado inmobiliario rural en la provincia y, a la vez, presentar series de precios de la tierra entre 1860 y 1895, realizadas a partir de información provista por protocolos notariales. Buscamos así que dicha evidencia no sólo pueda ser de utilidad para investigaciones paralelas, sino que también aporte nuevas hipótesis al conocimiento sobre la formación de los mercados inmobiliarios en la región pampeana

Ocupaçâo, valorizaçâo e comércio de terras no norte do Rio Grande do Sul - séculos 19 e 20

This article focuses on some aspects of the agrarian history of Soledade, a town in the north of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. Our aim is to understand how this area was in many ways affected by the Land Law of 1850, particularly in economic and social terms. Population growth, arrival of European immigrants and increasing privatization of the commons contributed for the increasing of land prices in the region during the second half of the 19 th century. Understanding this situation as a great opportunity to make money, some landowners, directly or through a colonization company, allotted and sold the land they had previously acquired through the Land Law of 1850

El fin del yermo : La emergencia de un nuevo mercado inmobiliario rural y los precios de la tierra en las colonias agrícolas de la provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina (1860-1895)

A pesar de los excelentes avances historiográficos sobre la expansión agrícola santafesina decimonónica, faltan aún datos clave sobre este fenómeno, entre ellos, el comportamiento de los precios de la tierra por lo menos en el mediano y largo plazo. El artículo buscará analizar la emergencia y la evolución del mercado inmobiliario rural en la provincia y, a la vez, presentar series de precios de la tierra entre 1860 y 1895, realizadas a partir de información provista por protocolos notariales. Buscamos así que dicha evidencia no sólo pueda ser de utilidad para investigaciones paralelas, sino que también aporte nuevas hipótesis al conocimiento sobre la formación de los mercados inmobiliarios en la región pampeana

Ocupaçâo, valorizaçâo e comércio de terras no norte do Rio Grande do Sul - séculos 19 e 20

This article focuses on some aspects of the agrarian history of Soledade, a town in the north of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. Our aim is to understand how this area was in many ways affected by the Land Law of 1850, particularly in economic and social terms. Population growth, arrival of European immigrants and increasing privatization of the commons contributed for the increasing of land prices in the region during the second half of the 19 th century. Understanding this situation as a great opportunity to make money, some landowners, directly or through a colonization company, allotted and sold the land they had previously acquired through the Land Law of 1850