Característiques psicosocials i judicials dels menors implicats en denúncies d’abús sexual: ent casos valorats a l’equip d’assessorament tècnic penal de Barcelona

Característiques psicosocials i judicials dels menors víctimes d’abús sexual Els delictes contra la llibertat sexual a la infància són un greu problema social, atesa l’especial vulnerabilitat dels menors i els efectes que el delicte pot suposar en el seu desenvolupament. En el cas dels menors que arriben al sistema judicial, aquesta vulnerabilitat augmenta pel possible efecte de la victimització secundària. Aquesta recerca parteix de la necessitat de conèixer de manera objectiva les característiques dels menors presumptes víctimes d’abús sexual derivats a l’Equip d’Assessorament Tècnic Penal de Barcelona, atès que, si bé hi ha múltiples estudis descriptius amb aquest tipus de població en altres territoris nacionals o en altres països, mai no s’havia realitzat un estudi d’aquestes característiques en el servei de l’EATP. En aquest estudi es van analitzar les dades de 100 menors presumptes víctimes de delictes contra la llibertat sexual, denunciats a la província de Barcelona i derivats al nostre servei per demanda judicial durant un període d’un any. Les principals variables analitzades es van agrupar en les àrees següents: antecedents del delicte (personals i sociofamiliars), variables relacionades amb el delicte (variables judicials, del presumpte agressor i de la intervenció del nostre servei) i conseqüències judicials, personals i sociofamiliars del delicte. Els resultats de l’estudi destaquen que la majoria dels menors són nascuts a Catalunya, tenen més de nou anys i les tres quartes parts són nenes. La meitat de les famílies tenen un perfil tradicional i l’altra meitat són monoparentals o reconstituïdes; es valora un estil educatiu adequat en la majoria dels casos. Es copsa una escassa presència d’antecedents familiars significatius. En els menors predominen els trets de personalitat de submissió, conformisme i introversió, i presenten una escassa psicopatologia prèvia. Predominen els abusos sexuals crònics realitzats per una persona de l’entorn familiar del menor. En general, els testimonis dels menors sobre l’abús resulten globalment creïbles, i és molt baixa la proporció dels testimonis no creïbles. Les principals seqüeles psicològiques copsades en els menors són la simptomatologia ansiosa i posttraumàtica, i hi predominen també els sentiments de rebuig envers l’agressor.

Improving services for paediatric ENT Surgery (PDF 95KB)

Policy and Standards of Care for Paediatric ENT Surgery in Northern Ireland

Antileishmanial activity of diterpene acids in copaiba oil

Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease. According to the World Health Organization, there are approximately 1.5-two million new cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis each year worldwide. Chemotherapy against leishmaniasis is based on pentavalent antimonials, which were developed more than a century ago. The goals of this study were to investigate the antileishmanial activity of diterpene acids in copaiba oil, as well as some possible targets of their action against Leishmania amazonensis. Methyl copalate and agathic, hydroxycopalic, kaurenoic, pinifolic and polyaltic acids isolated from Copaifera officinales oleoresins were utilised. Ultrastructural changes and the specific organelle targets of diterpenes were investigated with electron microscopy and flow cytometry, respectively. All compounds had some level of activity against L. amazonensis. Hydroxycopalic acid and methyl copalate demonstrated the most activity against promastigotes and had 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 2.5 and 6.0 µg/mL, respectively. However, pinifolic and kaurenoic acid demonstrated the most activity against axenic amastigote and had IC50 values of 3.5 and 4.0 µg/mL, respectively. Agathic, kaurenoic and pinifolic acid caused significant increases in plasma membrane permeability and mitochondrial membrane depolarisation of the protozoan. In conclusion, copaiba oil and its diterpene acids should be explored for the development of new antileishmanial drugs.

Improvement of saliva production in ENT cancer patients treated by IMRT

Intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is a conformal radiotherapy that produces concave and irregular target volume dose distributions. IMRT has a potential to reduce the volume of healthy tissue irradiated to a high dose, but this often at the price of an increased volume of normal tissue irradiated to a low dose. Clinical benefits of IMRT are expected to be most pronounced at the body sites where sensitive normal tissues surround or are located next to a target with a complex 3D shape. The irradiation doses needed for tumor control are often markedly higher than the tolerance of the radiation sensitive structures such as the spinal cord, the optic nerves, the eyes, or the salivary glands in the treatment of head and neck cancer. Parotid gland salivary flow is markedly reduced following a cumulative dose of 30 50 Gy given with conventional fractionation and xerostomia may be prevented in most patients using a conformal parotid-sparing radiotherapy technique. However, in cohort studies where IMRT was compared with conventional and conformal radiotherapy techniques in the treatment of laryngeal or oropharyngeal carcinoma, the dosimetric advantage of IMRT translated into a reduction of late salivary toxicity with no apparent adverse impact on the tumor control. IMRT might reduce the radiation dose to the major salivary glands and the risk of permanent xerostomia without compromizing the likelihood for cure. Alternatively, IMRT might allow the target dose escalation at a given level of normal tissue damage. We describe here the clinical results on postirradiation salivary gland function in head and neck cancer patients treated with IMRT, and the technical aspects of IMRT applied. The results suggest that the major salivary gland function can be maintained with IMRT without a need to compromise the clinical target volume dose, or the locoregional control.

Ent. toimitusjohtaja Ville Pörhölä 17/11 1964

Kirje 17.11.1964

Rikoslain kokonaisuudistusta 30 vuotta - entä nyt?

Perustuu osittain Suomen lakimiesliiton kriminaalipoliittisessa seminaarissa 14.5.2001 pidettyyn alustukseen

Enantioselective formal synthesis of ent-rhynchophylline and ent-isorhynchophylline

Starting from (S)-tryptophanol, a formal synthesis of ent-rhyncho-phylline and ent-isorhynchophylline, involving stereoselective cyclocondensation, spirocyclization, and alkylation reactions, and the final adjustment of the oxidation level at the oxindole and piperidine moieties, is reported.

Enantioselective formal synthesis of ent-rhynchophylline and ent-isorhynchophylline

Starting from (S)-tryptophanol, a formal synthesis of ent-rhyncho-phylline and ent-isorhynchophylline, involving stereoselective cyclocondensation, spirocyclization, and alkylation reactions, and the final adjustment of the oxidation level at the oxindole and piperidine moieties, is reported.