Desenvolvimento de uma sobremesa probiótica mista de tofu e extrato hidrossolúvel de soja fermentado

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Compostos bioativos e atividade antioxidante em bananas (Musa sp.)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Composição química e atividade antioxidante da polpa e resíduos de abacate 'Hass'

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Rats Acquire Stronger Preference for Flavors Consumed Towards the End of a High-fat Meal

Rats learn to prefer flavors associated with postingestive effects of nutrients. The physiological signals underlying this postingestive reward are unknown. We have previously shown that rats readily learn to prefer a flavor that was consumed early in a multi-flavored meal when glucose is infused intragastrically (IG), suggesting rapid postingestive reward onset. The present experiments investigate the timing of postingestive fat reward, by providing distinctive flavors in the first and second halves of meals accompanied by IG fat infusion. Learning stronger preference for the earlier or later flavor would indicate when the rewarding postingestive effects are sensed. Rats consumed sweetened, calorically-dilute flavored solutions accompanied by IG high-fat infusion (+ sessions) or water (− sessions). Each session included an “Early” flavor for 8 min followed by a “Late” flavor for 8 min. Learned preferences were then assessed in two-bottle tests (no IG infusion) between Early(+) vs. Early(−), Late(+) vs. Late(−), Early(+) vs. Late(+), and Early(−) vs. Late(−). Rats only preferred Late(+), not Early(+), relative to their respective (−) flavors. In a second experiment rats trained with a higher fat concentration learned to prefer Early(+) but more strongly preferred Late(+). Learned preferences were evident when rats were tested deprived or recently satiated. Unlike with glucose, ingested fat appears to produce a slower-onset rewarding signal, detected later in a meal or after its termination, becoming more strongly associated with flavors towards the end of the meal. This potentially contributes to enhanced liking for dessert foods, which persists even when satiated.

Rats' Learned Preferences for Flavors Encountered Early or Late in a Meal Paired with the Postingestive Effects of Glucose

Rats learn to prefer flavors that are followed by postingestive effects of nutrients. This experiment investigated whether the timing of a flavor (specifically, in the first or second half of the meal) influences learning about that flavor. Stronger learning about earlier or later flavorswould indicate when the rewarding postingestive effects of nutrients are sensed. Ratswith intragastric (IG) catheters drank saccharin-sweetened, calorically-dilute solutions with distinct flavors added, accompanied by IG infusion of glucose (+sessions) or water (−sessions). In both types of sessions, an “Early” flavorwas provided for the first 8 min and a “Late” flavor for the last 8 min. Thus, rats were trained with Early(+) and Late(+) in high-caloriemeals, and Early(−) and Late(−) in low-calorie meals. Strength of the learned preference for Early(+) and Late(+) was then assessed in a series of two-bottle choice tests between Early(+) vs. Early(−), Late(+) vs. Late(−), Early(+) vs. Late(+), and Early(−) vs. Late(−). Rats preferred both Early(+) and Late(+) over the respective (−) flavors. But Early(+)was only preferredwhen rats were tested hungry. Late(+) was preferred when rats were tested hungry or recently satiated. This indicates qualitatively different associations learned about flavors at different points in themeal.While not supporting the idea that postingestive effects become most strongly associated with later-occurring (“dessert”) flavors, it does suggest a reason dessert flavors may remain attractive in the absence of hunger.

Rats Acquire Stronger Preference for Flavors Consumed Towards the End of a High-fat Meal

Rats learn to prefer flavors associated with postingestive effects of nutrients. The physiological signals underlying this postingestive reward are unknown. We have previously shown that rats readily learn to prefer a flavor that was consumed early in a multi-flavored meal when glucose is infused intragastrically (IG), suggesting rapid postingestive reward onset. The present experiments investigate the timing of postingestive fat reward, by providing distinctive flavors in the first and second halves of meals accompanied by IG fat infusion. Learning stronger preference for the earlier or later flavor would indicate when the rewarding postingestive effects are sensed. Rats consumed sweetened, calorically-dilute flavored solutions accompanied by IG high-fat infusion (+ sessions) or water (- sessions). Each session included an "Early" flavor for 8min followed by a "Late" flavor for 8min. Learned preferences were then assessed in two-bottle tests (no IG infusion) between Early(+) vs. Early(-), Late(+) vs. Late(-), Early(+) vs. Late(+), and Early(-) vs. Late(-). Rats only preferred Late(+), not Early(+), relative to their respective (-) flavors. In a second experiment rats trained with a higher fat concentration learned to prefer Early(+) but more strongly preferred Late(+). Learned preferences were evident when rats were tested deprived or recently satiated. Unlike with glucose, ingested fat appears to produce a slower-onset rewarding signal, detected later in a meal or after its termination, becoming more strongly associated with flavors towards the end of the meal. This potentially contributes to enhanced liking for dessert foods, which persists even when satiated.

Impact of different cultivation methods on the metabolic profile of apples studied by 1H HR-MAS NMR spectroscopy

The cultivation of dessert apples has to meet the consumer's increasing demand for high fruit quality and a sustainable mostly residue-free production while ensuring a competitive agricultural productivity. It is therefore of great interest to know the impact of different cultivation methods on the fruit quality and the chemical composition, respectively. Previous studies have demonstrated the feasibility of High Resolution Magic Angle Spinning (HR-MAS) NMR spectroscopy directly performed on apple tissue as analytical tool for metabonomic studies. In this study, HR-MAS NMR spectroscopy is applied to apple tissue to analyze the metabolic profiles of apples grown under 3 different cultivation methods. Golden Delicious apples were grown applying organic (Bio), integrated (IP) and low-input (LI) plant protection strategies. A total of 70 1H HR-MAS NMR spectra were analyzed by means of principle component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Apples derived from Bio-production could be well separated from the two other cultivation methods applying both, PCA and PLS-DA. Apples obtained from integrated (IP) and low-input (LI) production discriminated when taking the third PLS-component into account. The identified chemical composition and the compounds responsible for the separation, i.e. the PLS-loadings, are discussed. The results are compared with fruit quality parameters assessed by conventional methods. The present study demonstrates the potential of HR-MAS NMR spectroscopy of fruit tissue as analytical tool for finding markers for specific fruit production conditions like the cultivation method.

Relationship between parental feeding practices and weight status in a lower socioeconomic pre-school population

High prevalence of overweight and obesity among preschool children in the low income population is consistently documented in research with one of every seven low-income, preschool-aged children classified as obese. Parental feeding practices have the potential to be contributing factors to the obesity epidemic. However, the impact of parental feeding practices on obesity in preschool age children has not been well explored. The purpose of this study was to determine relationships between the parental feeding practices of using dessert, sweets or candy as a reward for finishing foods, restricting dessert if the child does not finish their plate at dinner, asking the child to consume everything on their plate at dinner, and having family dinners to obesity in low income, preschool age children.^ A cross-sectional secondary data analysis was completed using the STATA 11 statistical software. Descriptive statistics were completed to summarize demographic and BMI data of participants, as well as parental feeding behavior variables. Pearson’s correlation was implemented to determine a correlation between parental feeding behavior variables and BMI z scores. Predictive relationships between the variables were explored through multivariable linear regression analysis. Regression analyses were also completed factoring in the confounders of gender, age, and ethnicity.^ Results revealed (1) no significant correlations or predictive trends between the use of rewards, forced consumption, or family dinner and BMI in low income preschool age children, and (2) a significant negative correlation and predictive trend between restriction of desserts and BMI in low income preschool age children. Since the analysis supported the null hypothesis for the practices of reward use, forced consumption, and family dinner, these practices are not considered risk factors for obese level BMIs. The inverse association found for practice of restriction and BMI suggests it is unnecessary to discourage parents from using restriction. Limitations of the study included the sample size, reliability of the answers provided on the Healthy Home Survey by participant guardians, and generalizability of the sample to the larger population.^

Student consumption of a la carte foods during school lunch meals

The purpose of this study was to evaluate students' lunch consumption compared to NSLP guidelines, the contribution of competitive foods to calorie intake at lunch, and the differences in nutrient and food group intake between the a la carte food consumers and non- a la carte food consumers.^ In Fall 2011, 1170 elementary and 440 intermediate students were observed anonymously during school lunch. The foods eaten, their source, grade level, and gender were recorded. All a la carte offerings met the Texas School Nutrition Policy.^ Differences in nutrient and food group intake by grade level and between students who consumed a la carte and those who did not were assessed using ANCOVA. A chi-squared analysis was conducted to evaluate differences in a la carte food consumption by grade level, gender, and the school's low income status.^ Average lunch intakes for elementary students were 457 (SD 164) calories for elementary students and 541 calories (SD 188) for intermediate students (p<0.001). 760 students (47%) consumed 937 a la carte foods, with the most often consumed items being chips (32%), ice cream (22%) and snack items (18%). Mean a la carte food intakes were 60 and 98 calories for elementary and intermediate schools respectively (p<0.001). Significantly more (p<0.000) intermediate students (34.3%) consumed a la carte items compared to elementary students (27.5%).^ Students who consumed a la carte foods had significantly higher intakes of calories (p<0.000), fat (p<0.000), sodium (p<0.002), fiber (p<0.000), added sugar (p<0.000), total grains (p<0.000), dessert foods (p<0.000), and snack chips (p<0.000) and lower intakes of vitamin A (p<0.001), iron (p<0.000), fruit (p<0.022), vegetables (p<0.031), milk (p<0.000), and juice (p<0.000) compared to students who did not eat a la carte foods.^ Although previous studies have found that reducing availability of unhealthy items at school decreased student consumption of these items, the results of this study indicate that even the strict guidelines set forth by the state of Texas are not sufficient to prevent increased caloric intake and poor nutrient intake. Strategies to improve student selection and consumption at school lunch when a la carte foods are available are warranted.^

Alta velocidad ferroviaria en California(USA): tercera parte (III) Fresno-Los Ángeles-San Diego = High speed railway in California(USA): third part (III) Fresno-Los Ángeles-San Diego

Implantación de la Red de Alta velocidad Ferroviaria en California. Tramo Fresno-Los Angeles-San Diego. Este artículo, tercera parte de la serie que describe la red de Alta Velocidad Ferroviaria de California (CHSRS), se ocupa de la línea Fresno-Los Angeles Airport-San Diego Airport, con el trazado propuesto en la Alternativa Missions Trail del Proyecto FARWEST, caracterizada por el paso directo de las montañas de Tehachapi, mediante dos grandes túneles de 27,5 Km (17 mile) y 25,6 Km (15,9 mile) de longitud. También por el emplazamiento de la estación terminal de Los Angeles, junto al Aeropuerto Internacional de Los Angeles y la sustitución de la circunvalación ferroviaria de la aglomeración urbana de Los Angeles, a través de Inland Empire, por el ramal Anaheim-Riverside, que da acceso a esa región, y que es cabecera de la futura Dessert Express a Las Vegas. The third of a series describing the California High Speed Railway (CHSRS), this article refers to the Fresno-Los Angeles Airport-San Diego Airport line, with the alignment as proposed in the Missions Trail Alternative of the FARWEST Project, characterized by the direct Tehachapi mountain pass through two large tunnels 27.5 Km (17 miles) and 25.6 Km (15.9 miles) long and also to the siting of the Los Angeles terminal station next to the Los Angeles International Airport and the replacement of the Los Angeles urban conglomeration railway by-pass through Inland Empire, by the Anaheim-Riverside branch providing access to that region and which is the head of the future Desert Express to Las Vegas.

La cabaña moderna. Microrrelatos de arquitecturas en busca de sentido

Desde la revolución ilustrada e industrial de finales del s. XVIII se ha venido desarrollando, con fuerza inigualada a lo largo de la historia, algo que es consustancial al hombre y que le ha permitido constituirse como tal frente al resto de animales: la técnica. Como sentencia Ortega, no hay hombre sin técnica. Pero, al mismo tiempo, va quedando cada vez más claro -como también nos señala Ortega- que el sentido y la causa de la técnica están fuera de ella, y que la técnica no es en rigor lo primero, sino que su finalidad le ha de ser prefijada por un deseo original pre-técnico. Si esto no fuera así el hombre perdería su propio sentido, pues el hombre es puro afán, un ente cuyo ser consiste no en lo que ya es, sino en la que aún no es. Sin embargo, el progresivo desencantamiento del mundo como consecuencia del desarrollo de la sociedad industrial vino a sustituir los viejos mitos por una interpretación racional y abstracta que renunciaba a cualquier búsqueda de sentido que trascendiese los hechos brutos. De este modo, la perdida de sentido del hombre frente a la técnica desarrollada por él mismo le dejaba desnortado y convertido en un sujeto pasivo en manos de un malentendido progreso. Frente a esta pérdida de sentido detectada ya a principios del siglo XX y denunciada con más fuerza a partir de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, el postmodernismo del último tramo del pasado siglo pudo no sólo oficializar su desaparición, sino consignar su deslegitimación. Ante a esto, sostenemos la necesaria existencia de sentido en cualquier arquitectura que se desarrolle plenamente y, especialmente, en la arquitectura de la modernidad -y aún de la modernidad tardía o postmodernidad- muchas de las veces no explicitado como tal frente al sobredimensionamiento técnico que ha venido marcando la pauta desde la revolución industrial. Al mismo tiempo, ya no se puede hablar de un único sentido, universalizable, sino de una pluralidad de sentidos que definirán distintas arquitecturas. Partiendo de la petitio principii de que el tema capital de la arquitectura en la modernidad ha sido la vivienda, el objeto arquitectónico que reúne las mejores características para desarrollar esta búsqueda de sentido lo hemos encontrado en la cabaña moderna, donde se cumple el aforismo corbusierano que señala que “quand l’économie est au maximum, l’intensité est au maximum”. Al mismo tiempo “al representar la plenitud a través de su misma negación”, la cabaña moderna se puede entender como una sublimación de la arquitectura a través de pequeños objetos donde han quedado destiladas las distintas esencias de la modernidad. Mediante el análisis de seis pequeñas construcciones situadas en archipiélagos arquitectónicos radicalmente distantes –el campamento de Ocatillo (F. Ll. Wright, 1929); la Caja (R. Erskine, 1942); el Cabanon (Le Corbusier, 1952); la casa cúpula en Carbondale (R. B. Fuller, 1960); el refugio en Oropesa (F. J. Sáenz de Oíza, c.1967-1977) y el pabellón de invitados en Kempsey (G. Murcutt, 1992)- la aparente aporía que supone la cabaña moderna, frente a la más lógica, en principio, cabaña primitiva, cobra sentido. Efectiva mente, el referente mítico de la cabaña primitiva, tal y como fue enunciado por Laugier, se correspondía con el estadio más primitivo de la modernidad, con sus orígenes, precisamente porque la crítica que se hacía en ella de la arquitectura se basaba en criterios exclusivamente técnicos que remitían a los orígenes constructivos de la arquitectura como fórmula para salir del entramado retórico en el que ésta se encontraba perdida. La cabaña moderna trasciende, sin embargo, aquella primitiva fase de la modernidad, de la que la cabaña de Laugier es paradigma, en la medida en que la crítica que se realiza ahora es doble, pues a la crítica de carácter técnico que encontramos en cada una de las cabañas se le añade una crítica de sentido que no se encuentra supeditada, en ninguno de los casos, a la componente técnica, tal y como sin embargo sucedía con Laugier, donde la pretendida regeneración moral de la arquitectura era consecuencia directa de su depuración técnica. En la cabaña moderna, al contrario, encontramos una pluralidad de sentidos que orientan y fuerzan el desarrollo de la techné en direcciones que llegan a ser radicalmente diferentes, construyendo unos relatos que habrán de ser, por tanto, necesariamente parciales, pero de los que la arquitectura, en cualquier caso no podrá prescindir si es que quiere seguir siendo fiel a sí misma, tal y como, efectivamente, lo comprendieron Wright, Erskine, Le Corbusier, Fuller, Sáenz de Oíza y Murcutt, cuando se esforzaron por que estas pequeñas arquitecturas que hemos visitado, tan sólo unas cabañas, fueran unas cabañas con sentido, unas cabañas modernas. ABSTRACT Since the illustrated and industrial revolution of the XVIII century it has been developing, with unequally strength through history, something that is inherent to man and that has allowed him to become himself against the rest of animals: technique. As Ortega says, there is no man without technique. But, at the same time, it is becoming increasingly clear –as Ortega also says- that the sense and the cause of the technique are beyond technique itself, and that technique is not actually the first thing, but that its purpose must be predefined by a pre-technique original desire. If it were not like this, man would lose his own sense, because man is pure desire, an entity whose being is not what already is, but what still doesn’t is. However, the progressive disenchantment of the world as the result of the development of the industrial society came to change the old myths by a rational and abstract interpretation that renounced to any search of meaning that transcended the brute facts. Thereby, the loss of sense of man against the technique developed by man himself let him aimless and converted in a passive object in the hands of a misunderstood progress. Against this loss of sense already detected at the beginning of the XX century and denounced in a stronger way since the Second World War, the postmodernism of the late decades of the last century could not only formalize its disappearance, but also consign its delegitimization. On the contrary, we maintain the necessary existence of sense in any architecture that is fully developed and, specially, in the modern architecture –and even in the late Modernism or Postmodernism- many times not made explicit as such against the technique oversizing that has been setting the pattern since the industrial revolution. At the same time, we can not talk about an only and universal sense, but about a plurality of senses that will define different architectures. On the basis of the petitio principii that dwelling has been the capital issue of modern architecture, the architectonic object that possesses the best features for developing this search of sense has been found in the modern hut, where is fulfil the Corbusieran aphorism that says that “quand l’économie est au maximum, l’intensité est au maximum”. At the same time, “representing plenitude through its own negation” the modern hut can be understood as a sublimation of architecture through small objects where the different essences of modernity have been distilled. Through the analysis of six small buildings located in radically distant architectonic archipelagos –the Ocatillo dessert camp (F. Ll. Wright, 1929); the Box (R. Erskine, 1942); the Cabanon (Le Corbusier, 1952); the dome-home in Carbondale (R. B. Fuller, 1960); the retreat in Oropesa (F. J. Sáenz de Oíza, c. 1967-1977) and the guest house in Kimpsey (G. Murcutt, 1992)- the apparent aporia that represents the modern hut, against the, initially, more logical primitive hut, makes sense. Indeed, the mythical reference of the primitive hut, as it was enunciated by Laugier, belonged to the most primitive state of modernity, with its origins, precisely because the criticism of the architecture that was made there was based in exclusively technique criteria, referring to the constructive origins of architecture as the formula to get out of the rhetoric labyrinth in which architecture was lost at the moment. However, the modern hut transcends that primitive phase of modernity, of which Laugier’s hut is paradigm, since the criticism that is made is double, because to the criticism on the technique that we find in every hut we must add a criticism on the sense that is never subordinated to the technique component, as it was the case in Laugier, where the intended architectonic moral regeneration was a direct consequence of its technical depuration. In the modern hut, on the contrary, we find a plurality of senses that guides and drives the development of techné in radically different directions, building narratives that must be, then, necessarilly partial, but of which architecture could never leave aside if it still wants to be faithful to itself, as Wright, Erskine, Le Corbusier, Fuller, Sáenz de Oíza and Murcutt seemed to understand when they tried hardly to make these small architectures that we have visited, these huts, huts full of sense, modern huts.

[Culinary ephemera : gelatin and tapioca].

Corporate contributors include: Genesee Pure Food Company; Jell-O-Co. Inc.

The experienced English housekeeper : for the use and ease of ladies, housekeepers, cooks, &c., written purely from practice : dedicated to the Hon. Lady Elizabeth Warburton, whom the author lately served as housekeeper : consisting of several hundred original receipts, most of which never appeared in print /

Includes recipes for wine, mead, and other liquors; illustrations of kitchen stoves using coal; illustrations of layout of dishes for multi-course meal. Sample recipes: To bake herrings, To make cream pancakes, To make a blanc-mange of isinglass, To make cowslip wine.

The experienced English housekeeper : for the use and ease of ladies, housekeepers, cooks, &c. : written purely from practice, dedicated to the Hon. Lady Elizabeth Warburton, whom the author lately served as housekeeper : consisting of several hundred original receipts, most of which never appeared in print ...

Includes index.

Étude d’évaluabilité et évaluation des processus et des effets d’un programme de prévention de l’usage de substances psychoactives lors de la transition primaire-secondaire

La mise en œuvre d’activités de prévention de la consommation de substances psychoactives (SPA) (tabac, alcool et cannabis) en milieu scolaire est une stratégie couramment utilisée pour rejoindre un grand nombre de jeunes. Ces activités s’inspirent, soit de programmes existant, soit d’innovations dictées par le contexte d’implantation ou l’existence de données de recherche. Dans un cas comme dans l’autre, l’évaluation de ces programmes représente la meilleure voie pour mesurer leur efficacité et/ou connaître comment ceux-ci sont implantés. C’est cet impératif qui a motivé une commission scolaire du Québec a recommandé l’évaluation de l’Intervention en Réseau (IR), un programme développé en vue de retarder l’âge d’initiation et de réduire la consommation problématique de SPA chez les élèves. Ce programme adopte une approche novatrice avec pour principal animateur un intervenant pivot (IP) qui assure le suivi des élèves de la 5e année du primaire jusqu’en 3e secondaire. Inspiré des modèles en prévention de la santé et de l’Approche École en santé (AES), le rôle de l’IP ici se démarque de ceux-ci. Certes, il est l’interface entre les différents acteurs impliqués et les élèves mais dans le cadre du programme IR, l’IP est intégré dans les écoles primaires et secondaires qu’il dessert. C’est cet intervenant qui assure la mobilisation des autres acteurs pour la mise en œuvre des activités. Cette thèse vise à rendre compte de ce processus d’évaluation ainsi que des résultats obtenus. L’approche d’évaluation en est une de type participatif et collaboratif avec des données quantitatives et qualitatives recueillies par le biais de questionnaires, d’entrevues, de groupes de discussion, d’un journal de bord et de notes de réunions. Les données ont été analysées dans le cadre de trois articles dont le premier concerne l’étude d’évaluabilité (ÉÉ) du programme. Les participants de cette ÉÉ sont des acteurs-clés du programme (N=13) rencontrés en entrevues. Une analyse documentaire (rapports et journal de bord) a également été effectuée. Cette ÉÉ a permis de clarifier les intentions des initiateurs du programme et les objectifs poursuivis par ces derniers. Elle a également permis de rendre la théorie du programme plus explicite et de développer le modèle logique, deux éléments qui ont facilité les opérations d’évaluation qui ont suivi. Le deuxième article porte sur l’évaluation des processus en utilisant la théorie de l’acteur-réseau (TAR) à travers ses quatre moments du processus de traduction des innovations (la problématisation, l’intéressement, l’enrôlement et la mobilisation des alliés), l’analyse des controverses et du rôle des acteurs humains et non-humains. Après l’analyse des données obtenues par entrevues auprès de 19 informateurs-clés, les résultats montrent que les phases d’implantation du programme passent effectivement par les quatre moments de la TAR, que la gestion des controverses par la négociation et le soutien était nécessaire pour la mobilisation de certains acteurs humains. Cette évaluation des processus a également permis de mettre en évidence le rôle des acteurs non-humains dans le processus d’implantation du programme. Le dernier article concerne une évaluation combinée des effets (volet quantitatif) et des processus (volet qualitatif) du programme. Pour le volet quantitatif, un devis quasi-expérimental a été adopté et les données ont été colligées de façon longitudinale par questionnaires auprès de 901 élèves de 5e et 6e année du primaire et leurs enseignants de 2010 à 2014. L’analyse des données ont montré que le programme n’a pas eu d’effets sur l’accessibilité et les risques perçus, l’usage problématique d’alcool et la polyconsommation (alcool et cannabis) chez les participants. Par contre, les résultats suggèrent que le programme pourrait favoriser la réduction du niveau de consommation et retarder l’âge d’initiation à l’alcool et au cannabis. Ils suggèrent également un effet potentiellement positif du programme sur l’intoxication à l’alcool chez les élèves. Quant au volet qualitatif, il a été réalisé à l’aide d’entrevues avec les intervenants (N=17), de groupes de discussion avec des élèves du secondaire (N=10) et d’une analyse documentaire. Les résultats montrent que le programme bénéficie d’un préjugé favorable de la part des différents acteurs ayant participé à l’évaluation et est bien acceptée par ces derniers. Cependant, le roulement fréquent de personnel et le grand nombre d’écoles à suivre peuvent constituer des obstacles à la bonne marche du programme. En revanche, le leadership et le soutien des directions d’écoles, la collaboration des enseignants, les qualités de l’IP et la flexibilité de la mise en œuvre sont identifiés comme des éléments ayant contribué au succès du programme. Les résultats et leur implication pour les programmes et l’évaluation sont discutés. Enfin, un plan de transfert des connaissances issues de la recherche évaluative est proposé.