Argumentos duales: el principio de dualidad como una estructura argumentativa

El objetivo de la tesis es identificar una familia de argumentos que comparten una estructura con el principio de dualidad de la geometría proyectiva. Esta familia la denomino "argumentos duales". Para lograr este objetivo, tomo cuatro argumentos importantes de la filosofía analítica e identifico en ellos la estructura que comparten. Los cuatro argumentos son: (i) el acertijo de la inducción de Goodman; (ii) la indeterminación de la referencia Putnam; (iii) la indeterminación de la traducción de Quine; (iv) la paradoja del seguimiento de reglas de Wittgenstein.

La fonction éthico-thérapeutique du discours philosophique : la contribution de Ludwig Wittgenstein à la lumière du modèle de la vie philosophique de Pierre Hadot

Réalisé en cotutelle avec L'École des hautes études en sciences sociales de Paris

Les limites du langage ou la critique du langage comme thérapie dans la philosophie de Ludwig Wittgenstein

Dans ce mémoire, je me propose d’analyser la question des limites du langage; d’examiner la place et le rôle de l’indicible dans la philosophie de Wittgenstein. La notion d’indicible suppose un critère pour saisir les limites du langage. Dans le Tractatus, le critère nous est donné par la structure logique de l’image. Or, en laissant tomber cet accord de forme entre le langage et le monde, suggéré par la théorie picturale, l’indicible ne semble plus se montrer dans les écrits postérieurs au Tractatus. Du moins, avec la notion de « jeux de langage », le critère pour saisir les limites du langage n’est plus aussi clairement défini et les règles qui déterminent les usages légitimes du langage ne sont plus aussi strictes. Enfin, en concevant la signification comme « usage », la nature du langage est appréhendée comme le fait d’une forme de vie, et dans une perspective pragmatique, arrimée à une position minimaliste, une conception déflationniste de la vérité peut se développer, évitant ainsi la réification de faits superlatifs associés à l’indicible et à l’ineffabilité des critères sémantiques. Par conséquent, l’indicible et l’ineffable ne seraient plus associés avec une posture mystique à l’égard du réel, et le quiétisme philosophique de Wittgenstein, toujours inspiré par le nihilisme thérapeutique, demeure l’avenue privilégiée pour neutraliser le discours métaphysique et le contraindre définitivement au silence.

Dinámicas biopoéticas del "Prototractatus" y el "Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus" de Ludwig Wittgenstein : arquitectura cognitiva de las proposiciones

Programa de doctorado: Nuevas perspectivas cognitivas en los estudios de lengua, literatura y traducción. La fecha de publicación es la fecha de lectura Tesis doctoral europea

Arvoja näkyvissä : Kaunokirjallisuuden etiikka Ludwig Wittgensteinin filosofian valossa

The goal of this dissertation was to study whether it is possible and meaningful to apply Ludwig Wittgenstein s distinction between saying (Sagen) and showing (Zeigen) to ethically oriented literary criticism. The following questions were used as the primary guidelines: 1. Is it possible, in the context of literary criticism, to put in practice Wittgenstein s ethical conceptions, which are quite theoretical and metaphysical by nature? 2. If so, what practical literary devices do authors use if they want to demonstrate their ethical values within the frame of a fictional work? 3. Does philosophy offer useful ethical consepts that open us new and interesting readings in fiction? The philosophical background of Wittgenstein s distinction is clarified in chapter I. This clarification is based on his main works, Tractatus logico-philosophicus and Philosophishe Untersuchungen, the published correspondence between Wittgenstein and Paul Engelmann, and selected Wittgenstein research and papers. Analyzing ethics and it s expression in Georg Trakl s poetry further elucidates Wittgenstein s concept of showing. The concept that a literary work is an act of an author was used as a starting point. The presumption was that analyzing this act of an author will reveal how ethical values can be demonstrated in literature. Categorizing an author s act at different levels of literary expression provides the structure of this study. In chapters IV - XIII literary devices useful for demonstrating ethics are examined and explained using examples from the works of Joseph Conrad, Charles Dickens, Nikolay Leskov, Ludwig Uhland, Eino Leino, Pentti Haanpää and Maria Jotuni. The concepts and views of researchers and writers such as Mihail Bahtin, Peter Juhl, E. D. Hirsch, Peter Lamarque and Stein Haugom Olsen are used. The concepts outlined in previous chapters are then applied in three case studies: Aeschylus s Oresteia trilogy, J-L. Runeberg s poem Sven Dufva and Sofi Oksanen s novel Puhdistus (Purge). On the whole, Wittgenstein s idea that ethical values can be demonstrated (shown) by means of literature is revealed as a fruitful point of departure for a more exact ethical reading, offering a new perspective on literary works.

Emissão e omissão no Wittgenstein de Rorty

O trabalho de Ludwig Wittgenstein é uma das mais constantes referências no percurso de Richard Rorty, cujos escritos, por sua vez, assumem um papel de relevo no âmbito do comentário wittgensteiniano. Apesar de abundarem os textos que contestam a leitura que Rorty faz de Wittgenstein, não há nenhum que, de forma global, vise analisar o modo como se desenrola tal leitura. Na parte I, faremos, pois, o retrato da leitura que Rorty faz de Wittgenstein, recorrendo aos três artigos que o norte-americano escreveu sobre o pensador austríaco: “Keeping Philosophy Pure: an Essay on Wittgenstein”, publicado em 1982, no livro Consequences of Pragmatism – Essays 1972-1980; “Wittgenstein, Heidegger, and the reification of language”, publicado, em 1991, no segundo volume dos Philosophical Papers de Rorty; e “Wittgenstein and the Linguistic Turn”, publicado em 2007, no quarto e último volume dos Philosophical Papers. Na parte II, procuraremos pôr em relevo três implicações democráticas do pensamento de Ludwig Wittgenstein, as quais, apesar de não mencionadas por Rorty, não só são compatíveis com o seu pragmatismo como, sobretudo, estabelecem uma conexão que Rorty não fez: aquela que liga o Rorty leitor de Wittgenstein ao Rorty que reflecte sobre os fundamentos da democracia. A defesa da democracia e a leitura de Wittgenstein surgem separadas no pensamento de Rorty; a sugestão que permeia a parte II é que teria sido mais frutífero, para Rorty e de acordo com os seus próprios parâmetros, estabelecer uma conexão entre o trabalho de Wittgenstein e a reflexão acerca da democracia. Argumenta-se que a pertinência de tal conexão permite concluir que Rorty rejeitou precipitadamente os termos terapia, metafísica e humanidade, na medida em que os mesmos, desde que entendidos num determinado sentido, são úteis para pensar a democracia como exigindo uma certa terapia, como o sistema que privilegia uma pluralidade de metafísicas ou como o modo de convívio no qual a humanidade consiste num espaço relacional de intercâmbio linguístico.

La réflexion phénoménologique au crible de la grammaire : la question de l’expression de la vie intérieure de la conscience chez Husserl et Wittgenstein

Cotutelle avec l'Université Panthéon Sorbonne - Paris I

Wittgenstein y su concepto de la filosofía.

Se realiza un estudio sobre el filósofo Ludwig Wittgenstein, cuya filosofía está caracterizada por romper con los encasillamientos de la época, por estar relacionada con los problemas del lenguaje, y vinculada al movimiento neopositivista. En su obra aparece una profunda relación entre los problemas filosóficos y el lenguaje, y esta idea aparece en tres momentos de su evolución filosófica: la etapa del tractatus logico-philosophicus; la filosofía en los cuadernos azul y marrón; y la filosofía en las investigaciones filosóficas.

Wittgenstein e Bourdieu: diálogos para uma sociologia prática

The dialogue between philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein s notions and Pierre Bourdieu s sociological concepts related to social practice of language shows that the philosophy of language has an important influence on contemporary social theory. When we compare the ideas of these authors we discover that beyond the direct influences from the philosopher that the sociologist recognizes there are great parallelisms of thought. That is, Wittgenstein s pragmatic thought of the use of language does not concern only language, but also every socially built behavior. When we notice that the social and linguistic behavior are borne by the individual in a tacit way, that leads us to theorize about the prereflective dimension that builds human actions and even the habits of thought. The same processes allow the uses of language to build wider social practices. Besides, John Austin, one of Wittgenstein s disciples, and his speech acts theory, contribute with a way to reflecting on how language ressembles a concrete action. Finally, the linguistc therapy that Wittgenstein means to be his philosophical proposal is assimilated by Bourdieu, who takes it as one of the necessary topics of the sociological work