固体力学进展及应用: 庆贺李敏华院士90华诞文集

《固体力学进展及应用：庆贺李敏华院士90华诞文集》收录了近代固体力学基础理论及其应用领域的重要科技成果和最新进展。作者是在同体力学领域工作多年的资深研究员，他们来自各行各业，有丰富的科研与丁作经验。他们提供的论文在相当程度上反映当前同体力学的发展现状与成就，并能看出发展趋势，对未来研究的课题选择有参考价值。《固体力学进展及应用：庆贺李敏华院士90华诞文集》还收集了李敏华院士的珍贵照片和纪念李敏华院士90华诞的庆贺和回忆文章，具有重要的史料价值。

Age and growth of Mugil cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Perciformes: Mugilidae) in Bonny Estuary

The age and growth of Mugil cephalus was investigated in Bonny Estuary, Nigeria, from January, 1995 to December, 1996. Length-weight relationships were isometric with length exponents of 2.84 (males), 2.90 (females) and 2.88 (overall). Modal length at age were 12.0cm, 20.9cm, 25.0cm, 28.4cm and 30.2cm TL for ages 0+, 1+, 2+, 3+ and 4+ respectively. Corresponding total weights were 20.01g, 78.93g, 173.12g, 217.61g and 247.50g, respectively. Asymptotic length (Lo) was estimated 33.2cm TL, asymptotic weight (W sub(o)) was 484g, growth coefficient K=0.55847 super(-1) and hypothetical age at zero length To = 0.152yr. Longevity, Tmax, was 5.0yr, length and weight growth performance indices were Q super(1)=2.79 and Q = 1.44, respectively. Total mortality, natural mortality and fishing mortality were z = 1.02yr super(-1), M=0.607yr super(-1) and F=O. 3129yr super(-1), respectively. The exploitation ratio E was 0.4048 and exploitation rate U = 0.2302yr super(-1)

Nanostructured tungsten trioxide photoanodes for solar energy conversion

Nanostructured tungsten trioxide (WO₃) photoelectrodes are potential candidates for the anodic portion of an integrated solar water-splitting device that generates hydrogen fuel and oxygen from water. These nanostructured materials can potentially offer improved performance in photooxidation reactions compared to unstructured materials because of enhancements in light scattering, increases in surface area, and their decoupling of the directions of light absorption and carrier collection. To evaluate the presence of these effects and their contributions toward energy conversion efficiency, a variety of nanostructured WO₃ photoanodes were synthesized by electrodeposition within nanoporous templates and by anodization of tungsten foils. A robust fabrication process was developed for the creation of oriented WO₃ nanorod arrays, which allows for control nanorod diameter and length. Films of nanostructured WO₃ platelets were grown via anodization, the morphology of the films was controlled by the anodization conditions, and the current-voltage performance and spectral response properties of these films were studied. The observed photocurrents were consistent with the apparent morphologies of the nanostructured arrays. Measurements of electrochemically active surface area and other physical characteristics were correlated with observed differences in absorbance, external quantum yield, and photocurrent density for the anodized arrays. The capability to quantify these characteristics and relate them to photoanode performance metrics can allow for selection of appropriate structural parameters when designing photoanodes for solar energy conversion.

Os caminhos da avaliação de desempenho do setor saúde no Brasil: os dois lados do mesmo sistema de saúde

Esta revisão de literatura é fruto de indagações sobre a mudança na postura do Estado brasileiro no que concerne à avaliação na atualidade. A temática desta pesquisa é a inserção da ferramenta da avaliação de desempenho da saúde no Brasil. Mais precisamente, o estudo traz uma análise dos índices de desempenho do subsistema público (IDSUS) e do índice elaborado pela Agência Nacional de Saúde (ANS) para avaliar o subsistema privado da saúde (IDSS). Dessa maneira, esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar os programas de qualificação do sistema de saúde brasileiro através da avaliação do Índice de Desempenho da Saúde Suplementar (IDSS) e do Índice de Desempenho do SUS (IDSUS), considerando seus impactos na relação público-privado do setor saúde. Para dar conta desses objetivos, a pesquisa examinou os Programas de Qualificação do Sistema de Saúde Brasileiro tanto na sua face pública quanto na privada, utilizando as técnicas de análise documental e bibliográfica. A análise transcorreu a partir do levantamento de documentos oficiais e da literatura produzida sobre o tema. Além da leitura de documentos da Agência Nacional de Saúde (ANS), Ministério da Saúde (MS), Instituto de Estudos da Saúde Suplementar (IESS), Federação de Seguros (FENASEG), Associação Brasileira de Medicina de Grupos (ABRAMGE) e Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), foram consultados trabalhos acadêmicos e selecionados textos jornalísticos que evidenciaram o processo de implantação e utilização do Programa de Qualificação da Saúde no Brasil. A dissertação então trouxe à tona, admitindo como base a análise do IDSUS recentemente criado e do IDSS, a necessidade de se rediscutir as finalidades das avaliações de desempenho propostas. Tanto o IDSS quanto o IDSUS são iniciativas pioneiras positivas que podem e devem ser aprimoradas, para que possam de fato instrumentalizar o controle social e o gestor na priorização e no planejamento das ações de saúde. O instrumento utilizado pela ANS foi considerado eficaz, democrático e participativo no que diz respeito ao alcance dos objetivos do Programa de Qualificação das Operadoras de Planos de Saúde. O mesmo conseguiu integrar pressupostos de modelos e instrumentos de gestão referenciados pela literatura como modernos e eficazes, como a gestão por resultados. Promoveu não só mais transparência ao subsistema privado, mas induziu, em certa medida, a concorrência do setor. Já em relação à face pública, percebeu-se que mesmo em face da jovialidade da proposta do IDSUS, o mesmo mapeou alguns pontos críticos do subsistema e apontou a necessidade de se trabalhar o setor de forma mais eficiente. Entretanto, esta pesquisa concluiu que ambos os movimentos de avaliação dos subsistemas público e privado não se completam, não dialogam como deveriam, evidenciando uma dificuldade em perceber e organizar o sistema como um todo.

Materials selection in mechanical design

A novel materials-selection procedure has been developed and implemented in software. The procedure makes use of Materials Selection Charts: a new way of displaying material property data; and performance indices: combinations of material properties which govern performance. Optimization methods are employed for simultaneous selection of both material and shape.

Effect of dietary inulin as prebiotic on growth, survival and intestinal bacterial density of juvenile great sturgeon (Huso huso)

Use of prebiotics, nondigestible dietary ingredients that beneficially affect the host by selectively stimulating the growth of and/or activating the metabolism of healthpromoting bacteria in the intestinal tract, is a novel concept in aquaculture. An 8-week feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary prebiotic inulin on the growth performance, intestinal bacterial density, body composition and values of blood serum enzymes in the juvenile great sturgeon (Huso huso). Three replicate groups of fish (initially averaging weight 16.14±0.38g) were fed diets containing prebiotic inulin at levels ranging from 1% to 3%. The basal diet was contained 3% cellulose. The results of linear regression showed there was a negative relationship between some performance indices including weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), net protein utilization (NPU), energy retention (ERE), feed efficincy (FE), protein retention (PR) and supplementation level of inulin. At the end of trial, the 1% inulin treatment insignificantly showed an enhaced survival between the treatment groups. Intestinal lactic acid bacteria (LAB) increased in group treated with 1% inulin compare to other groups. No significant difference were observed in body composition and level of serum enzymes (P>0.05). Moreover there was significant correlation between ALT and LDH values (P<0.01). Result obtained in this study shows that the prebiotic inulin didn’t influence the increase of the growth performance of juvenile great sturgeon and it is not appropriate for supplementation in the diet of beluga.

Data-based robust multiobjective optimization of interconnected processes: energy efficiency case study in papermaking.

Reducing energy consumption is a major challenge for "energy-intensive" industries such as papermaking. A commercially viable energy saving solution is to employ data-based optimization techniques to obtain a set of "optimized" operational settings that satisfy certain performance indices. The difficulties of this are: 1) the problems of this type are inherently multicriteria in the sense that improving one performance index might result in compromising the other important measures; 2) practical systems often exhibit unknown complex dynamics and several interconnections which make the modeling task difficult; and 3) as the models are acquired from the existing historical data, they are valid only locally and extrapolations incorporate risk of increasing process variability. To overcome these difficulties, this paper presents a new decision support system for robust multiobjective optimization of interconnected processes. The plant is first divided into serially connected units to model the process, product quality, energy consumption, and corresponding uncertainty measures. Then multiobjective gradient descent algorithm is used to solve the problem in line with user's preference information. Finally, the optimization results are visualized for analysis and decision making. In practice, if further iterations of the optimization algorithm are considered, validity of the local models must be checked prior to proceeding to further iterations. The method is implemented by a MATLAB-based interactive tool DataExplorer supporting a range of data analysis, modeling, and multiobjective optimization techniques. The proposed approach was tested in two U.K.-based commercial paper mills where the aim was reducing steam consumption and increasing productivity while maintaining the product quality by optimization of vacuum pressures in forming and press sections. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.

Data-based robust multiobjective optimization of interconnected processes: Energy efficiency case study in papermaking

Reducing energy consumption is a major challenge for energy-intensive industries such as papermaking. A commercially viable energy saving solution is to employ data-based optimization techniques to obtain a set of optimized operational settings that satisfy certain performance indices. The difficulties of this are: 1) the problems of this type are inherently multicriteria in the sense that improving one performance index might result in compromising the other important measures; 2) practical systems often exhibit unknown complex dynamics and several interconnections which make the modeling task difficult; and 3) as the models are acquired from the existing historical data, they are valid only locally and extrapolations incorporate risk of increasing process variability. To overcome these difficulties, this paper presents a new decision support system for robust multiobjective optimization of interconnected processes. The plant is first divided into serially connected units to model the process, product quality, energy consumption, and corresponding uncertainty measures. Then multiobjective gradient descent algorithm is used to solve the problem in line with user's preference information. Finally, the optimization results are visualized for analysis and decision making. In practice, if further iterations of the optimization algorithm are considered, validity of the local models must be checked prior to proceeding to further iterations. The method is implemented by a MATLAB-based interactive tool DataExplorer supporting a range of data analysis, modeling, and multiobjective optimization techniques. The proposed approach was tested in two U.K.-based commercial paper mills where the aim was reducing steam consumption and increasing productivity while maintaining the product quality by optimization of vacuum pressures in forming and press sections. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. © 2006 IEEE.

平面3RRR并联机构的运动性能分析

本文改进了我们过去给出的角加速度和线加速度的性能指标 ,并且利用给出的新的角加速度和线加速度指标 ,对平面3RRR并联机器人机构的运动学性能进行了分析。

Workspace evaluation of manipulators through finite-partition of SE(3)

Workspace analysis and optimization are important in a manipulator design. As the complete workspace of a 6-DOF manipulator is embedded into a 6-imensional space, it is difficult to quantify and qualify it. Most literatures only considered the 3-D sub workspaces of the complete 6-D workspace. In this paper, a finite-partition approach of the Special Euclidean group SE(3) is proposed based on the topology properties of SE(3), which is the product of Special Orthogonal group SO(3) and R^3. It is known that the SO(3) is homeomorphic to a solid ball D^3 with antipodal points identified while the geometry of R^3 can be regarded as a cuboid. The complete 6-D workspace SE(3) is at the first time parametrically and proportionally partitioned into a number of elements with uniform convergence based on its geometry. As a result, a basis volume element of SE(3) is formed by the product of a basis volume element of R^3 and a basis volume element of SO(3), which is the product of a basis volume element of D^3 and its associated integration measure. By this way, the integration of the complete 6-D workspace volume becomes the simple summation of the basis volume elements of SE(3). Two new global performance indices, i.e., workspace volume ratio Wr and global condition index GCI, are defined over the complete 6-D workspace. A newly proposed 3 RPPS parallel manipulator is optimized based on this finite-partition approach. As a result, the optimal dimensions for maximal workspace are obtained, and the optimal performance points in the workspace are identified.

Cognitive deficits in first-episode psychosis: A population-based study in Sao Paulo, Brazil

Background: Studies conducted in high-income countries have reported significant cognitive deficits in first on set schizophrenia subjects relative to asymptotic controls, and it has been suggested that the severity of such deficits could be directly related to the duration of untreated psychosis (DUP). It is relevant to conduct similar studies in developing countries, given the supposedly better outcome for schizophrenia patients living in the latter environments.

Methods: We applied verbal fluency and digit span tests to an epidemiological-based series of patients with first-onset psychoses (n = 179) recruited in the city of Sao Paulo, and compared the findings with those from non-psychotic control subjects randomly selected from the same geographical areas (n=383).

Results: Psychosis subjects showed lower scores on the three tests relative to controls, with greatest between-group differences for the backward digit span task (p < 0.0001). There were no significant differences between subjects with affective and schizophreniform psychosis. Cognitive performance indices were negatively correlated with the severity of negative symptoms, but showed no relation to DUP.

Conclusion: We found significant cognitive deficits in patients investigated early during the course of psychotic disorders in an environment that is distinct from those where the subjects investigated in previous studies have been drawn from. We found no support to the hypothesis of an association between greater cognitive deficits and a longer DUP. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Multidimensional scaling analysis of fractional systems

This paper investigates the use of multidimensional scaling in the evaluation of fractional system. Several algorithms are analysed based on the time response of the closed loop system under the action of a reference step input signal. Two alternative performance indices, based on the time and frequency domains, are tested. The numerical experiments demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed visualization method.

La régulation autonome du myocarde et les performances cognitives sont-elles des outils valides de prévention du surentraînement ?

Ce travail a été réalisé en cotutelle.

Model predictive control using dynamic integrated system optimisation and parameter estimation (DISOPE)

DISOPE is a technique for solving optimal control problems where there are differences in structure and parameter values between reality and the model employed in the computations. The model reality differences can also allow for deliberate simplification of model characteristics and performance indices in order to facilitate the solution of the optimal control problem. The technique was developed originally in continuous time and later extended to discrete time. The main property of the procedure is that by iterating on appropriately modified model based problems the correct optimal solution is achieved in spite of the model-reality differences. Algorithms have been developed in both continuous and discrete time for a general nonlinear optimal control problem with terminal weighting, bounded controls and terminal constraints. The aim of this paper is to show how the DISOPE technique can aid receding horizon optimal control computation in nonlinear model predictive control.

Utilização de uma sistemática de tomada de decisão para selecionar e priorizar um portfólio de projetos de investimento

Nos dias de hoje existe uma grande demanda e pressão na seleção e definição de prioridades das alternativas de investimento para alavancar o crescimento de longo prazo das empresas. Em paralelo a este cenário, o ambiente global está cada vez mais incerto, o que implica que as escolhas realizadas por estas empresas devem se adaptar aos novos desejos do mercado e, principalmente, devem manter o direcionamento de crescimento almejado pelas mesmas. Neste contexto conturbado, as ferramentas tradicionais utilizadas para a tomada de decisão, para selecionar e definir as prioridades são as análises econômico-financeira representadas pelo Valor Presente Líquido, a Taxa Interna de Retorno e o Payback. Apesar de estes itens serem métodos robustos e consistentes na avaliação de projetos de investimentos, eles focam apenas em um aspecto (o financeiro), e as empresas, atualmente, estão envolvidas em ambientes que precisam de uma abordagem mais ampla, contemplando outras visões e dimensões não presentes nos estudos financeiros. Ou seja, quando se faz uma análise de carteira de projetos alinhada ao planejamento estratégico, é necessário realizar uma abordagem multicritério envolvendo indicadores quantitativos e qualitativos e disponibilizando aos tomadores de decisão uma informação completa e padronizada de todos os projetos, uma vez que estas iniciativas não possuem características homogêneas, pois cada uma apresenta sua respectiva particularidade e, principalmente, está em diferentes estágios de maturidade. Aliado a estes pontos, é perceptível que o processo de seleção e priorização de projetos necessita de uma sistematização que garanta a esta decisão e a este Portfólio uma maior estabilidade e fidedignidade das informações. Neste trabalho, portanto, foi elaborada uma análise multivariada, mais especificamente, a utilização de sistemas de apoio à tomada de decisão. Foram escolhidos outros critérios além do econômico-financeiro, para suportar a seleção e priorização de projetos no atendimento dos objetivos estratégicos da organização e de seus stakeholders.