Le mal comme transgression dans l'écume des jours ou le récit d'un passage raté au monde adulte

O objetivo deste trabalho é primeiramente demonstrar como os personagens de L’Écume des jours vivem num mundo da primazia da individualidade e do instante presente em oposição ao mundo dos adultos, fundado na preocupação com o dia de amanhã e com os interesses coletivos. Em seguida, tentamos provar que a harmonia desse mundo em que evoluem nossos personagens é rompida pelo casamento do casal Colin/Chloé. E também desvelar em que medida os protagonistas – Colin e Chloé – aderem aos valores do mundo adulto através do casamento. Para tanto, utilizamos sobretudo a base teórica da obra de Georges Bataille: La Littérature et le mal. Nessa obra, o escritor, ensaísta e pensador francês afirma que a literatura, enquanto expressão da individualidade, representa uma transgressão da ordem estabelecida. Assim o que pôde ser equivocadamente considerado como mal, de fato, são apenas manifestações (ou tentativas) de trangressão. Bataille coloca do lado do bem as preocupações coletivas de acumulação de bens e de perpetuação da espécie, fundados na razão e no cálculo. Do outro lado, o do mal, o pensador coloca a criança que representa a fruição do momento presente, o lazer, fundados na paixão. Por outro lado, com a intenção de compreender melhor o tecido narrativo da obra L’Écume des jours, procedemos, antes dessa análise temática, a um estudo da organização da narrativa no qual examinamos pontos como o narrador, o tempo e o espaço, os personagens e a dinâmica da ação.

Integration of the feminine into Latin American culture: in search of a new social paradigm

Includes bibliography

Bias in the indexing languages Theorethical approaches about feminine issues

The process of knowledge representation as well as its procedures or tools and its products are not neutral in terms of values; instead they imply moral values. In this context, bias in representation related to prejudice and discrimination, to gender issues, to dicotomic categorization in classification systems or in thesauri and to lack of cultural warrant may arise. Concerning the problem of bias in indexing languages, starting from the initial theoretical reflexions of Brey (1999), Berman (1993), Olson (1998; 2002), Lopez-Huertas Perez & Torres Ramirez (2005), Guimaraes (2006), Hjorland (2008) and Milani et al. (2009), the proposal is to present a preliminary categorization aiming at facilitating the identification of bias concerning feminine issues in indexing languages, to offer a contribution to the theoretical universe of the specific questions of knowledge organization and to present a theme to be discussed by educators and professionals in the areas of cataloging, classification and indexing. If in a society which intends to be politically correct, social attitudes towards stigmatized citizens should be modified, then, the universe of indexing languages, taken as tools of knowledge representation, is a fertile field to sow this reflexion.

Imaginary irishness: the feminine in dramatisations of the Paster Rising in Sean O’Casey’s the plough and the stars and Tom Murphy’s The Patriot Game

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Women from the point of view of the Bukowskian narrator: the representation of the feminine universe in Erections, Ejaculations, Exhibitions and General Tales of Ordinary Madness

Pós-graduação em Letras - IBILCE

Eros and Transgression in an Age of Immanence: Georges Bataille’s (Religious) Critique of Kinsey

This paper explores the religious implications of eroticism in Western culture since the Sexual Revolution, a period at once applauded for its open and immanent view of sexuality and denounced for its shamelessness and promiscuity. After discussing the work and effects of Alfred C. Kinsey, the father of the Sexual Revolution, I focus on a critical appraisal of Kinsey written by French theorist Georges Bataille (“Kinsey, the Underworld and Work,” in L’Erotisme, 1957). Bataille situates contemporary Western sexuality within a larger historical movement towards the “desacralization” of all aspects of human life: sex, under the scientific gaze of the Kinsey team, became simply another “object” to be analyzed and classified, and “good” sex defined solely in terms of frequency and explosiveness of orgasm. For many, including Hugh Hefner, this approach to sex occasioned a refreshing awakening from the long dark night of Victorian sexual repression. However, as Bataille’s protégé Foucault has shown, the scientific approach to sexuality often masks a desire to control and delimit sexual behaviour, not “liberate” it. Moreover, Bataille makes the point that the desacralization of sexuality denudes sex of a vital component—eroticism—which is necessary for real pleasure and ecstasy. Beyond the “moral” critiques one often hears leveled against Kinsey and his work, Bataille provides a “religious” critique, one that stands, perhaps surprisingly, on the “near side” of sexuality.

Gender on the Range: Feminine Strategies in the 1913 Michigan Copper Strike

In the autumn of 1913, a small, remote Michigan mining community attracted national attention as miners and management found themselves embroiled in a conflict that would prove no easy victory for either side. The strike came as a shock to management, who, with the help of a nearly perfected paternal system, had come to expect a generally docile and compliant workforce. But what was even more shocking was the involvement of the miners’ wives in the strike effort, and the lengths they went to in order to keep men from crossing the picket line. This paper focuses on that effort, arguing that the women of the Michigan copper country developed strike strategies that were derived from their domestic experience, and justified their involvement through maternal arguments. However, these public actions allowed the management to disregard the respect and courtesy generally given to the domestic sphere as police and private agents perpetrated a number of home invasions in an attempt to break the strike. The involvement of women in male dominated labor disputes (mining, steel productions) has been largely ignored in the literature due to their indirect connection to the company as wives and not workers. This paper seeks to remedy this gap, and gain a better understanding of that indirect relationship. Sources include newspaper articles, private correspondence, public investigation records, and oral histories, found largely in the Michigan Tech Archives and Copper Country Historical Collections, Michigan Technological University, Michigan.

Do patients respect the line? Transgression of boundaries reported by Swiss general practitioners

OBJECTIVE: Transgression of boundaries in the relationship between physician and patient is commonly studied with patient as victim and physician as transgressor. A recent survey in the U.S. reported that almost 90% of physicians face transgression by patients over one year. Incidents happened mainly through verbal abuse, disregarding privacy, and overly affectionate behavior. Since this incidence seems to be alarmingly high, we were interested to analyze how often general practitioners in Switzerland experience transgression by patients. METHODS: 24% of the members of the Swiss Society of Internal Medicine (SGIM) and of the Swiss Society of General Medicine (SGAM) (n=675/2781) responded to an internet-based survey which asked for experiences of transgression by patients and for physicians' responses to transgression in the last 12 months. RESULTS: 81% of responding physicians experienced transgression over the period of one year. Analyzing the frequency of incidents per physician per year, the most common forms of transgression were 'use of physician's first name' (7.7/y), 'asking personal questions' (1.8/y), 'being verbally abusive' (1.5/y), and 'being overly affectionate' (1.4/y). Calculated incidence of transgression was 3 per 1000 patient contacts. 39% of physicians decided to ignore the incident, 37% discussed the event openly. Transgression led to dismissal of patients in 13% of events. CONCLUSION: Transgression even in mild and modest form is a rare phenomenon in Swiss practices. PRACTICE IMPLICATION: The Swiss data do not suggest that there is a specific risk for Swiss practitioners to be exposed to major transgression for which they should specifically be prepared for example in communication skills trainings.

Translation und Transgression. Interkulturelle Aspekte der Übersetzung(swissenschaft)

Der Titel des Bandes - Translation und Transgression - ist zugleich Programm. Er verbindet die Darstellung von Formen und Verfahren, Problemen und Chancen der Übersetzung mit Antworten auf die Frage, wie Übersetzen und Dolmetschen dafür fruchtbar gemacht werden kann, Differenzen zwischen Kulturen zu erkennen, zu verstehen, zu verringern, zu überbrücken. Das Buch versammelt Beiträge namhafter Germanisten aus aller Welt sowohl zur alltags- und berufspraktischen Übersetzung als auch zur fachlichen und literarischen Translation anhand von Beispielen mit Bezug auf zahlreiche Sprachenpaare, jeweils verstanden als Praxis transkulturellen Handelns von Kulturmittlern. Es handelt sich dabei um die translationswissenschaftlichen Ergebnisse eines von der Gesellschaft für interkulturelle Germanistik und der Universität Vilnius gemeinsam durchgeführten Kongresses in Litauen.

Side effects of gender-fair language: How feminine job titles influence the evaluation of female applicants

In many languages, feminization has been used as a strategy to make language more gender-fair, because masculine terms, even in a generic function, exhibit a male bias. Up to date, little is known about possible side effects of this language use, for example, in personnel selection. In three studies, conducted in Polish, we analyzed how a female applicant was evaluated in a recruitment process, depending on whether she was introduced with a feminine or masculine job title. To avoid influences from existing occupations and terms, we used fictitious job titles in Studies 1 and 2: diarolożka (feminine) and diarolog (masculine). In Study 3, we referred to existing occupations that varied in gender stereotypicality. In all studies, female applicants with a feminine job title were evaluated less favorably than both a male applicant (Study 1) and a female applicant with a masculine job title (Studies 1, 2, and 3). This effect was independent of the gender stereotypicality of the occupation (Study 3). Participants' political attitudes, however, moderated the effect: Conservatives devaluated female applicants with a feminine title more than liberals (Studies 2 and 3).