O antagonismo do receptor de serotonina do tipo 7 da substância cinzenta periaquedutal dorsal reduz a ansiedade experimental basal, mas não aquela gerada pela retirada do etanol em ratos

Ethanol-dependent individuals who reduce or discontinue its use may present Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome, which is characterized by unpleasant signs and symptoms, such as anxiety, that may trigger relapses. Ethanol, a psychotropic drug, is able to promote behavioral and neurophysiological changes, acting on different neurotransmitter systems, including the serotonergic, which has also been directly associated with aversive states, including anxiety. This study aimed to investigate the participation of type 7 serotonin receptor (5-HT7) of the dorsal periaqueductal gray (DPAG) on basal experimental anxiety and that caused by ethanol withdrawal. For this, 75-100 days old Wistar rats were subjected to two experiments. On the first one, animals underwent stereotactic surgery for implantation of guide cannulas used for administration of the drug directly into the DPAG. After seven days, the animals received doses of 2.5; 5 and 10 nmols of type 7 receptor antagonist SB269970 (SB) or vehicle intra-DPAG and, ten minutes after, they were exposed to elevated plus maze (EPM). In the following day, the animals were submitted to the same treatment and tested in the open field (OF). In the second experiment, animals received increasing concentrations (2%, 4%, 6%) of ethanol as the only source of liquid diet or water (control group), both with free access to chow. Seventy two hours and ninety six hours after the ethanol withdrawal, animals received SB (2.5 and 5.0 nmols) intraDPAG ten minutes before the test in the LCE and OF, respectively. In experiment 1, the dose of antagonist 10 nmols was able of reversing the anxiety generated by EPM. In the experiment 2, ineffective SB doses on the LCE (2.5 and 5.0 nmol) were not able to reverse the anxiety caused by the ethanol withdrawal in the EPM, although the dose of 2.5 nmols of SB has reversed its hipolocomotor effect in this test. This result suggests that the 5-HT7 receptor is involved in the modulation of the basal experimental anxiety in rats, but not in the anxiety caused by ethanol withdrawal in the DPAG.

Caracterização citoarquitetônica e por imunoistoquímica para tirosina-hidroxilase da substância negra, área tegmentar ventral e zona retrorubral do Sagui (Callithrix jacchus)

It is known that the catecholamine group is constituted by dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline, in which the synthesis is regulated by an enzyme named tyrosine hydroxylase. Thus, 3-hydroxytyramine/dopamine (DA) is a precursor of the noradrenaline and adrenaline synthesis and acts as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. The three main nuclei, named the retrorubral field (A8 group), the substantia nigra pars compacta (A9 group) and the ventral tegmental area (A10 group), are arranged in the die-mesencephalic portion and are involved in three complexes circuitries - the mesostriatal, mesolimbic and mesocortical pathways. These pathways are related to behavioral manifestations, motricity, learning, reward and pathologies such as Parkinson’s Disease and Schizophrenia. Thus, the aim of this study was to perform de morphological analysis of the A8, A9 and A10 nuclei of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). The marmoset is a neotropical primate, whose morphological and functional characteristics supports the suitability of use of this animal in biomedical research. Coronal sections of the marmoset brain were submitted to cytoarchitectonic characterization and TH-immunohistochemistry. Based on the morphology of the neurons, it was possible to subdivide the A10 group in seven regions: interfascicular nucleus, raphe rostral linear nucleus and raphe caudal linear nucleus, in the middle line; paranigral and parainterfascicular nucleus, in the middle zone; rostral portion of the ventral tegmental area nucleus and parabrachial pigmented nucleus, located in the dorsolateral portion of the mesencephalic tegmentum. A9 group was divided into four regions: substantia nigra compacta dorsal and ventral tiers; substantia nigra compacta lateral and medial clusters. No subdivisions were founded into A8 group. These results revealed that A8, A9 and A10 are phylogenetically conserved between species, but it’s necessary to expand the studies about this compartmentalization, investigating its occurrence in other primate species or investigating its functional relevance.

Controle de Linepithema micans (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) com iscas tóxicas de hidrogel na cultura da videira.

Linepithema micans (Forel, 1908) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) é a principal formiga associada à dispersão da pérola-da-terra Eurhizococcus brasiliensis (Wille, 1922) (Hemiptera: Margarodidae) na cultura da videira. Uma alternativa para reduzir a infestação da cochonilha nos vinhedos seria o controle da formiga através do emprego de iscas tóxicas. Neste trabalho, foi avaliado o efeito de uma formulação de isca tóxica de hidrogel para o controle de L. micans em laboratório e em vinhedo comercial.

Selection et controle de modes de deplacement pour un robot mobile autonome en environnements naturels

Autonomous navigation and locomotion of a mobile robot in natural environments remain a rather open issue. Several functionalities are required to complete the usual perception/decision/action cycle. They can be divided in two main categories : navigation (perception and decision about the movement) and locomotion (movement execution). In order to be able to face the large range of possible situations in natural environments, it is essential to make use of various kinds of complementary functionalities, defining various navigation and locomotion modes. Indeed, a number of navigation and locomotion approaches have been proposed in the literature for the last years, but none can pretend being able to achieve autonomous navigation and locomotion in every situation. Thus, it seems relevant to endow an outdoor mobile robot with several complementary navigation and locomotion modes. Accordingly, the robot must also have means to select the most appropriate mode to apply. This thesis proposes the development of such a navigation/locomotion mode selection system, based on two types of data: an observation of the context to determine in what kind of situation the robot has to achieve its movement and an evaluation of the behavior of the current mode, made by monitors which influence the transitions towards other modes when the behavior of the current one is considered as non satisfying. Hence, this document introduces a probabilistic framework for the estimation of the mode to be applied, some navigation and locomotion modes used, a qualitative terrain representation method (based on the evaluation of a difficulty computed from the placement of the robot's structure on a digital elevation map), and monitors that check the behavior of the modes used (evaluation of rolling locomotion efficiency, robot's attitude and configuration watching. . .). Some experimental results obtained with those elements integrated on board two different outdoor robots are presented and discussed.

The making of control : an ethnomethodology of choosing management accounting systems [La fabrique du controle : une ethnomethodologie du choix des outils de gestion]

This paper sets out to contribute to the literature on the design and the implementation of management control systems. To this end, we question what is discussed when a management control system is to be chosen and on what decision-making eventually rests. This study rests upon an ethnomethodology of the Salvation Army’s French branch. Operating in the dual capacity of a researcher and a counsellor to management, between 2000 and 2007, we have unrestricted access to internal data revealing the backstage of management control: discussions and interactions surrounding the choosing of control devices. We contribute to understanding the arising of a need for control, the steps and process followed to decide upon a management control system, and controls in nonprofits. [Cet article vise à contribuer à la littérature sur la mise en place des systèmes de contrôle de gestion. À cette fin, nous questionnons ce qui est discuté lors du choix d’un système de contrôle et sur quoi repose in fine la décision. Cet article est fondé sur une approche ethnométhodologique de l’Armée du Salut en France permise par notre double qualité de chercheurs mais également de conseiller auprès de la direction de l’organisation entre 2000 et 2007. Un accès illimité à des données internes nous permet ainsi de mettre en lumière les aspects méconnus et invisibles du contrôle de gestion : les discussions et interactions entourant le choix d’outils. Nous contribuons à la compréhension de l’émergence du besoin de contrôle, des étapes et du processus de choix d’outils et enfin du contrôle de gestion dans une organisation à but non lucratif.]

Parlamento aberto : transparência e controle social para um Congresso mais colaborativo

Traz os debates ocorridos durante a 1ª Reunião de Audiência Pública, realizada em abril de 2012, na Câmara dos Deputados, que discutiu o tema "Parlamento Aberto: Transparência e Controle Social para um Congresso mais Colaborativo".

Retroalimentação do controle interno para os órgãos centrais do sistema de planejamento e orçamento federal em questões estruturantes

Analisa o fluxo do processo de retroalimentação da CGU para órgãos centrais do Sistema de Planejamento e Orçamento Federal, bem como as possibilidades de retroalimentação da CGU a esses órgãos. Propõe a previsão na legislação de um Comitê Operacional e de um Comitê Estratégico do Ciclo de Gestão.

Legislação sobre o controle de poluição causada por motocicletas

Consultoria Legislativa - Área XI - Meio Ambiente e Direito Ambiental, Organização Territorial, Desenvolvimento Urbano e Regional.

Democratização e controle externo do Poder Judiciário

Consultoria Legislativa - Área I - Direito Constitucional, Eleitoral, Municipal, Administrativo Processo Legislativo e Poder Judiciário.

Inconstitucionalidade do controle do cumprimento das promessas de campanha eleitoral

Consultoria Legislativa - Área I - Direito Constitucional, Eleitoral, Municipal, Direito Administrativo, Processo Legislativo e Poder Judiciário.

Aplicabilidade da teoria do desvio de poder no controle da constitucionalidade de atos legislativos : contornos, limites e superação pela teoria dos princípios

Consultoria Legislativa - Área VIII - Área de Direito Administrativo e de Administração Pública.

Representação, participação política e controle social : instituições, atores e história

Consultoria Legislativa - Área XIX - Ciência Política, Sociologia Política História, Relações Internacionais.

Controle externo da atividade policial

Consultoria Legislativa - Área XVII - Segurança e Defesa Nacional.

Controle legislativo de constitucionalidade de proposições : recurso contra pareceres da Comissão de Constituição e Justiça e de Redação da Câmara dos Deputados

Aborda o controle de constitucionalidade no processo legislativo, realizado pela Comissão de Constituição e Justiça e de Redação da Câmara dos Deputados. Analisa os seguintes pontos: formas de controle de constitucionalidade no Brasil e no direito comparado; a natureza dos pareceres da CCJR; a necessidade do direito a recurso contra os chamados pareceres terminativos. Propõe mudança no Regimento Interno da Câmara dos Deputados, sugerindo texto de projeto de resolução.

Panorama do controle externo na Câmara dos Deputados : uma visão prática

Analisa os instrumentos práticos de Controle Externo disponíveis à Câmara dos Deputados, tanto no Regimento Interno quanto em legislação esparsa. Discute em que medida a instituição utiliza com eficiência esses instrumentos com vistas a cumprir sua função constitucional de fiscalizadora dos atos do Poder Executivo.