Condomínios residenciais fechados: a urbanização do Grupo Encalso Damha em São Carlos - SP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A presença da estrutura federal na escala municipal: o programa Minha Casa, Minha Vida e a aplicação de moradias em áreas irregulares nos municípios : uma olhada sobre Campinas/SP

This work aims to analyze the limitations of recent Brazilian urban expansion and, more specifically, the housing policy for low-income population, focused on Minha Casa, Minha Vida in Campinas / SP . It is understood that this program aims to democratize access to housing for excluded populations in the property market, resulting in a right to the city. This policy is analyzed in the living space configuration from the point of view of socio-spatial segregation. To meet the flexibility of real estate developers, urban politic Campinas was subsumed by the entrepreneurship of housing production, was detached from the municipal planning and releasing ownership of urban land for the free flow of capital that circulated by the real estate market in the search for the appropriation of elevation of the ground rent . These processes are understood through intense confinement of poverty in areas that grow randomly deleted and the margin of urban rights

Requalificação urbana e meio ambiente: a inserção da temática ambiental nas propostas de intervenção sobre centros antigos

O crescimento espraiado e periférico das cidades nos países dependentes, tal qual o Brasil, tem reproduzido um movimento de segregação socioespacial das classes de baixos rendimentos, as quais são relegadas a condições ambientais insalubres. Nos países centrais do capitalismo, sob formas distintas, se observa também desde os anos 1960 discussões com respeito à expansão urbana para áreas cada vez maiores, seja por fenômenos como o urban sprawl anglo-saxão, ou a urbanização difusa, dos países da Europa latina. Diante desse quadro, com a publicação do Livro Verde sobre o Ambiente Urbano, documento elaborado em 1990 pela Comissão das Comunidades Européias para fornecer subsídios à elaboração das políticas urbano-ambientais, tem se propagado a ideia de que a promoção de “cidades compactas” seria uma solução adequada para reverter o atual estágio de expansão urbana para novas áreas, aumentando as densidades demográficas em áreas infraestruturadas, sobretudo por meio da reabilitação de edificações e terrenos ociosos localizados nos centros tradicionais, os quais tem passado por processos de abandono, perda de população e deterioração física do patrimônio edificado. Tendo isso em vista, na presente comunicação temos por objetivo analisar como a temática ambiental tem se inserido no contexto das discussões sobre a requalificação de centros antigos com foco na promoção de habitações para as classes populares. Para tal realizamos revisão da literatura sobre o tema proposto bem como procuramos identificar os princípios que tem regido tais políticas com relação ao tema ambiental. A relevância do tema encontra-se na necessidade de buscar caminhos alternativos a política habitacional e urbana brasileira, a qual tem reproduzido um modelo predatório de reprodução do espaço urbano.

A educação básica na região metropolitana de Natal: uma análise da qualidade educativa e sua relação com o contexto familiar dos alunos

This dissertation aimed to investigate the formal learning process of children and teenagers through elementary education and, mainly, the support of family on domestic school activities as a step in the teaching-learning process. The student's family, with its cultural capital, provides an assistance which was the bias of the essay analyzes presented on this paper, using a spatial area of public elementary schools of the municipalities of the Natal metropolitan region. Such frame of Natal metropolis has been justified by the recent review of their basic education, taken by the Brazilian Ministry of Education, diagnosed in 2011, only 1% of students were in a adequate mathematics learning stage. While 62% were considered in a critical stage in this discipline. Given this issue, this dissertation offers a theoretical analysis about inherited and acquired within the family cultural capital, mainly focusing in the distances between the cultural level of the student's family and the defendant by the school. Then, presents the fundamental aspects of the issue on the urban phenomenon, focusing on social hierarchies and structures of city spaces that express differentiation, segmentation and socio-spatial segregation, and social exclusion. The emphasis on inequalities points to the development of an urban ethos, through formal schooling, which develops from social singularities. To theoretically develop the theme of Cultural Capital Family, this study sought to operationalize the concept through the interpretation of the phenomenon studied by a logical validation work hypotheses. The operation concepts systemically transformed into statistical indicators in order to measure the impact of individual, social and cultural characteristics of students elements. Finally, this dissertation found that the components evaluated, family cultural capital and housing conditions, can influence the development of skills and competencies of students in the educational sphere

Exclusão social e projetos habitacionais. Um estudo sobre conjuntos habitacionais, segregação e exclusão social em Natal/RN

In Natal s urban growth process it is given that the performance period of the National Housing Bank (BNH, 1964-1986) was marked by the intense expansion of the urban grid and configuration of outskirts, through the construction of social housing developments. Implanted in segregated areas of the existing formal city, the population installed in these complexes was also excluded from their rights, considering that the housing defines itself not only by the physical dwelling, but also by its access to urban infrastructure, facilities, services, and others. From this reality and the verification of the city s exclusion and sociospatial segregation processes, we aimed to quantitatively demonstrate levels of social exclusion in Natal, based on the methodology developed by Sposati (2000) and adapted by Genovez (2002), which relates IBGE s (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics) database underlying variables such as income, schooling and dwelling s quality. The research unveiled some spatial patterns promoted by the social housings: in these areas islands were developed with higher indicators than surrounding areas, revealing internal hierarchies in the city s outskirts

Exclusão social e projetos habitacionais. Um estudo sobre conjuntos habitacionais, segregação e exclusão social em Natal/RN

In Natal s urban growth process it is given that the performance period of the National Housing Bank (BNH, 1964-1986) was marked by the intense expansion of the urban grid and configuration of outskirts, through the construction of social housing developments. Implanted in segregated areas of the existing formal city, the population installed in these complexes was also excluded from their rights, considering that the housing defines itself not only by the physical dwelling, but also by its access to urban infrastructure, facilities, services, and others. From this reality and the verification of the city s exclusion and sociospatial segregation processes, we aimed to quantitatively demonstrate levels of social exclusion in Natal, based on the methodology developed by Sposati (2000) and adapted by Genovez (2002), which relates IBGE s (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics) database underlying variables such as income, schooling and dwelling s quality. The research unveiled some spatial patterns promoted by the social housings: in these areas islands were developed with higher indicators than surrounding areas, revealing internal hierarchies in the city s outskirts

O acesso à habitação no Brasil em tempos de capitalismo financeirizado : uma análise do Programa Minha Casa, Minha Vida

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Humanas, Departamento de Serviço Social, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Política Social, 2016.

Fragmentação socioespacial em cidades médias paulistas

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A comparison of social structures in Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo

This article presents the results of a comparative study on socio-spatial structures in Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo in 2000. We drew on data from the national Demographic Census by weighted areas to construct the Erikson, Goldthorpe, and Portocarrero (EGP) classification and the International Socio-Economic Index (ISEI), both widely used in social stratification studies. This information was then submitted to group analyses for the two cities, allowing comparison of the presence of social groups in each city. Next, using spatial statistics, we assessed the spatial distribution of the socio-economic classes and the presence of social segregation in the two metropolitan areas. The results suggest the presence of strong similarity between the social structures in the two cities, also marked by similarly intense patterns of social segregation at the metropolitan level.

Impact de l’évolution des formes de croissance urbaine sur l’identité de la ville et de ses citoyens

L’évolution de l’urbanisation dans le monde nous a motivés à développer nos recherches quant à cette croissance déchaînée des villes et ces multitudes de formes urbaines qui en résultent. L'objet de ce travail est d'analyser ces formes de croissance spatiales et d’analyse leur impact sur l’identité dans la ville. Il s'agit de montrer dans quelle mesure elles favorisent la prolifération de nouvelles identités dans les régions périphériques de la ville. Notre recherche porte alors sur une étude socio spatiale de la capitale de la Tunisie. Tunis, cette métropole en pleine expansion, occupe un emplacement stratégique dans la Méditerranée et joue un rôle important dans les échanges afro-européens. La pertinence de l’étude de l’évolution du domaine urbain de Tunis résulte du fait que cette ville a connu différents types de croissances. La variété des modes de développement de l’espace urbain fait de Tunis un exemple pertinent qui mérite d’être étudié, d’autant plus que l’espace englobe des banlieues planifiées, spontanées, historiques, et bien d’autres qui résultent du juste fait de l’informalité, allant du patrimoine à la construction d’une identité urbaine plurielle. Notre travail comportera donc une étude spatiale de l’évolution de l’espace urbain de Tunis, basée essentiellement sur des cartes et des photos satellites, doublées d’une analyse sociale, basée sur une enquête in situ, réalisée avec les habitants des banlieues, et ce, dans le but de recenser leurs degrés d’attachement à l’espace ainsi que les rapports qu’ils entament avec le centre-ville. Notre recherche nous a permis de conclure que les habitants des banlieues s’identifient aux nouvelles formes de croissance et développent au fil des années un sentiment d’appartenance et d’attachement identitaire à leurs quartiers. Cela contribue à la prolifération d’identités multiple dans la ville.

Les discours ruraux, urbains et périurbains du cinéma québécois

Ce projet s’intéresse aux représentations que fait le cinéma des territoires et à la manière dont ces représentations reflètent des grands enjeux socio-spatiaux. L’espace cinématographique devient une clé d’entrée pour l’analyse géographique. Cette analyse porte plus particulièrement sur les représentations que fait le cinéma québécois contemporain des espaces urbains, ruraux et périurbains. Les récits et les représentations spatiales qui les composent se positionnent souvent sur les enjeux socio-spatiaux, produits par l’histoire nationale et les processus socioéconomiques. La proposition d’analyser les représentations cinématographiques en lien avec le contexte socioéconomique vise deux principaux objectifs conceptuels. D’une part, elle s’intéresse à une meilleure compréhension du façonnement des discours sur l’espace, en ce qui a trait à leur émergence et leur négociation. D’autre part, l’analyse vise une définition élargie des espaces ruraux, urbains et périurbains contemporains, en révélant la complexité et simultanément, la simplification dont ils font l’objet, ainsi que les enjeux qui leurs sont associés. Il s’agit d’exploiter la cinématographie québécoise comme un outil d’analyse qui permet de dévoiler la diversité des discours socio-spatiaux. Des approches quantitatives et qualitatives d’interprétation des discours sont jumelées pour réaliser une analyse complète. La méthode retenue est l’analyse critique du discours (ACD), qui tient compte des rapports idéologiques et vise à la dénaturalisation du discours. En quelques mots, l’analyse consiste en l’identification de relations entre les représentations spatiales et le contexte socioéconomique duquel elles ont émergé. Le cadre opérationnel est constitué d’un corpus de 50 films québécois réalisés entre 1980-2008, « lus » à l’aide d’une grille de lecture originale et analysés avec des méthodes d’analyse spatiale et statistique, combinées à une interprétation qualitative. L’analyse quantitative révèle que le monde urbain et le monde rural sont souvent mis en opposition. Les films font de Montréal le principal pôle urbain, tandis que le reste du Québec est associé au milieu rural. Influencées par les flux culturels et économiques globaux, les représentations montréalaises suggèrent une ville fragmentée et continuellement en mouvement. En opposition à ces représentations urbaines, les cinéastes envisagent l’espace rural comme étant exempt de travail, axé sur le chez-soi et doté d’un esprit communautaire. Il est suggéré que la ville, toujours en croissance, restreint les possibilités d’un développement communautaire fort. Face à une ville transformée par la globalisation et en perte d’authenticité, une forme de régionalisme est observée. Ce dernier associe un ensemble de valeurs à une communauté ou à un territoire, afin de se distinguer devant des forces globalisantes qui semblent homogénéiser les valeurs. Pourtant, l’analyse quantitative laisse voir des contradictions au sein de chaque entité géographique ou milieu. L’analyse qualitative permet d’approfondir l’interprétation et révèle sept grands discours sur les espaces urbains et ruraux. Sont notamment identifiés des discours sur la contestation de la modernité urbaine, sur la réappropriation du milieu de vie par les citoyens et sur un espace rural parfois brutal. Cette analyse amène à conclure que la diversité des discours s’explique par l’hétérogénéité des pratiques socio-spatiales, qui remettent en question l’idée d’un discours national homogène. Cela témoigne de l’évolution et la négociation des regards que nous posons sur nos espaces. Au final, cette thèse contribue à une meilleure utilisation du matériel cinématographique comme support d’étude géographique en proposant une approche méthodologique claire et originale. Sur un plan conceptuel, elle rappelle la complexité et le dynamisme des représentations territoriales québécoises, ainsi que les stratégies de négociation des cinéastes face aux enjeux socio-spatiaux vécus dans la province.

Women, rights and the city: notes for the construction of a state of art from the feminist thought and theory

The modern citieshave been born of the processes of industrialization, urbanization, which have been characterized by violence, resulting in social inequality, spatial segregation, the struggle for survival, the authoritarianism of the government and the establishment of exclusive orders genre, which has  prevented the enjoyment of the rights differential. In order to understand these complexities and  transform power relations that develop and reproduce it, this article analyzes the main theoretical  contributions and methodological approaches that feminist and gender studies have been conducted on the city, urban space and the right to city, which are valuable contributions to the definition of  the right to the city of women as a collective right to universal construction

Denúncia e dependência socioespacial: uma análise dos elementos da mobilização na cidade do Rio de Janeiro por meio do disque-denúncia, a partir de um modelo de regressão espacial

The objective of this dissertation is to analyze the socio-spatial distribution of the of denunciation rate. For this, it is studied association between the denunciations to Disque-Denúncia with the space position of the neighborhoods and the social characteristics in terms of the social context which can take to a greater or minor participation. The analysis will be centered in the relation between the socio-spatial variability of denunciations for 100.000 inhabitants and differences by the models of space regression and geographical representation highlighting the importance of the characteristics of the neighborhoods that generate the social context. The social configuration of a neighborhood, its space localization and its violence rate are the factors associates to the denunciation variability, which can modify its level. In relation to the space dependence of the neighborhoods, it is inferred that they are not independent. The denunciation rate of the neighborhoods is interdependent with close neighborhoods, because of the space externality. In relation to the social index of the neighborhoods, the result that we find is that the association of the denunciation rate with the percentage of elderly, the density and the average of studies of the neighborhoods exists, in other words, the levels of those are related with the levels of the denunciation rate.

Arquitetura da (in)segurança: estudando relações entre configuração espacial, artifícios de segurança e violência urbana no bairro Manaíra, João Pessoa, Paraíba

João Pessoa, the capital city of the state of Paraíba (Northeast Brazil), is reputed throughout the country as a quiet place, although it has been acquiring, over the past years, an urban character with social implications similar to those of major metropolitan Brazilian areas. The new situation is evident by the social inequalities, with the creation of confined spaces, which segregate and cause enclosure of the inhabitants, leading to death the public space. This study correlates accessibility in spatial structure with two types of crime data, burglary and robbery, recorded in 2008 and 2009, by the Secretaria de Segurança da Paraíba (The government agency public in charge of safety), in the district of Manaíra, an upper middle class neighborhood, which has, in recent times, been considered one of the most violent areas in João Pessoa. Sought to understand connections between these events and morpho-social aspects of the built environment, where examined the spatial properties, such as accessibility of the urban net, the presence of control measures, the safety of buildings and their uses. Spatial properties were also validated by the observation of pedestrian flows at strategic points of the study area. It was concluded that the presence of intense flows helps to attract potential thieves, physical security and control offers little protection