Navegar en la tormenta : El anticomunismo en la historiografía de los Estados Unidos durante la Guerra Fría

Este artículo indaga la gravitación del anticomunismo en la historiografía norteamericana durante la guerra fría. Comienza con una reconstrucción histórica de tal actitud política en la sociedad americana; luego analiza la expansión, características y perdurabilidad del macartismo y, finalmente, describe sus consecuencias sobre la investigación, enseñanza y divulgación de la historia. Analiza como fuentes principales a las obras historiográficas y a los historiadores que sufrieron las ráfagas del anticomunismo; así como a las resoluciones e interpretaciones que desde el propio campo de la disciplina y de las agencias gubernamentales legitimaron la necesidad de prohibir y expurgar la influencia marxista sobre el campo de la cultura, de la educación y del saber histórico. El artículo explica la manera en que las prácticas persecutorias afectaron la carrera de historiadores izquierdistas o progresistas y cómo impactaron sobre las interpretaciones de procesos y acontecimientos significativos del pasado de la gran nación americana.

Navegar en la tormenta : El anticomunismo en la historiografía de los Estados Unidos durante la Guerra Fría

Este artículo indaga la gravitación del anticomunismo en la historiografía norteamericana durante la guerra fría. Comienza con una reconstrucción histórica de tal actitud política en la sociedad americana; luego analiza la expansión, características y perdurabilidad del macartismo y, finalmente, describe sus consecuencias sobre la investigación, enseñanza y divulgación de la historia. Analiza como fuentes principales a las obras historiográficas y a los historiadores que sufrieron las ráfagas del anticomunismo; así como a las resoluciones e interpretaciones que desde el propio campo de la disciplina y de las agencias gubernamentales legitimaron la necesidad de prohibir y expurgar la influencia marxista sobre el campo de la cultura, de la educación y del saber histórico. El artículo explica la manera en que las prácticas persecutorias afectaron la carrera de historiadores izquierdistas o progresistas y cómo impactaron sobre las interpretaciones de procesos y acontecimientos significativos del pasado de la gran nación americana.

Sistemas de Gestión de la Calidad. Metodología para implementar proyectos de mejora continua para la reducción de los defectos de construcción en edificación de viviendas

La mejora continua debería estar presente siempre en las empresas, dispongan o no de sistemas de gestión. Sin embargo, su aplicación en el sector de la construcción es especialmente difícil debido a las características particulares del mismo. Por este motivo se plantea el objetivo principal de esta Tesis Doctoral: “Establecer una metodología de trabajo que permita a las empresas constructoras implantar proyectos de mejora continua para incrementar la calidad de las viviendas entregadas a los usuarios”. En la investigación llevada a cabo se han inspeccionado 818 viviendas, recogiendo un total de 82.550 incidencias, las cuales se han analizado aplicando cuatro de las siete herramientas estadísticas básicas de la mejora continua (Hoja de recogida de datos, Estratificación, Histograma y Diagrama de Pareto), concluyendo que los tres oficios que concentran el 80% de los defectos, en los que convendría actuar para reducir de manera significativa los fallos de construcción en la fase de pre-entrega, son: Carpintería de Madera, Revestimientos Cerámicos e Instalación de Electricidad. De entre estos tres oficios se ha seleccionado el de Revestimientos Cerámicos para poner en práctica un proyecto de mejora continua. Analizando los datos relativos a este oficio se elabora un listado de 25 defectos tipo en los que se pueden agrupar todas las incidencias detectadas. Aplicando de nuevo las cuatro herramientas básicas de la calidad se destacan los 10 defectos tipo con mayor impacto en volumen de incidencias y en coste de reparación, para focalizar los esfuerzos de mejora. Con esta información se elabora un documento de criterios técnicos para la ejecución de los Revestimientos Cerámicos que se implanta, en parte, en varias obras para tratar de reducir los defectos detectados en las viviendas antes de la entrega a sus propietarios, y se definen unos Índices de Calidad para medir los resultados. Se toman datos de nuevo a 6 y 20 meses desde la implantación del protocolo, se analizan y se calculan los resultados del proyecto de mejora, concluyendo que se está avanzando positivamente. En base a toda la información recogida a lo largo del proceso de la investigación y de la experiencia del proyecto de mejora implantado, se presenta una propuesta de metodología para implementar proyectos de mejora, así como la documentación recomendada para su puesta en práctica, además de la documentación técnica específica para la prevención de los defectos de construcción en Revestimientos Cerámicos incluyendo las fichas de control para la recepción de materiales, control de ejecución y control de recepción del revestimiento terminado. ABSTRACT Continuous improvement should always be a core value in firms of all kinds, whether or not they implement management systems. Nevertheless, its application in the construction sector seems especially difficult due to its inherent intricacies and complexity. The study of this phenomenon is the main aim of the hereby presented PhD dissertation "Establishment of a working methodology that allows construction (related) firms to carry out projects of continuous improvement in order to increase the quality of housing upon delivery to the client". In the present research 818 housing units have been inspected, collecting a total of 82550 incidence entries, which have been analyzed by means of 4 out of the 7 basic statistical tools of continuous improvement: Data collection sheets, stratification, histogram, and Pareto diagram. The data shows that the 3 main trades where special actions should be taken in order to significantly reduce construction defects are: carpentry, ceramic cladding, and electricity systems. These trades combined account for the 80% of the total defects detected during the inspections. Among the mentioned works, ceramic tiling is selected as a continuous improvement case study project. Analysing data relative to this specific trade, a list of 25 defect types is developed. These types gather all detected defects under this group. Further applying the four statistical tools referred to above, the 10 most significant events are highlighted as to clearly determine the improvement measures. These events have the most impact on both volume of defects and reparation costs. This information is then put together in a document of technical criteria for the correct execution of ceramic tiling that is implemented in various ongoing projects under construction as to minimize the defects prior to the final delivery to the client. Also, a series of Quality Index are defined as criteria for execution suitability. 6 to 20 months after the implementation of this control protocol, the same process is repeated with the purpose of comparing results. It is concluded that a positive evolution takes place. Based both on the information collected throughout the research process and the experience of the case study, the dissertation proposes a methodology to successfully implement improvement projects along with reference documentation and specific technical documents for the prevention of construction defects in ceramic tiling, including (i) material reception control sheets, (ii) an execution control sheet, and a sheet relative to the (iii) control of the finished cladding.

Los microfósiles y la Crisis de Salinidad del Mediterráneo como recurso didáctico en Ciencias de la Tierra

El estudio de las disciplinas científicas resulta más atractivo si se acompaña de actividades de carácter práctico. En este trabajo se propone un taller cuya finalidad es introducir al alumnado en el trabajo científico que realizan los geólogos y paleontólogos a través de la información paleoambiental y bioestratigráfica que proporcionan los microfósiles y su aplicación a la Crisis de Salinidad del Messiniense. Este periodo es considerado como uno de los acontecimientos más relevantes de la historia geológica del Mediterráneo y se caracteriza por una acumulación masiva de evaporitas en el fondo de la cuenca, que se relaciona con la desecación y posterior reinundación del Mediterráneo hace aproximadamente cinco millones de años. El taller consta de tres sesiones: una teórica, de introducción de los contenidos necesarios para el desarrollo de la actividad, para la que se proponen una serie de recursos bibliográficos y audiovisuales de libre acceso en internet; una práctica, de obtención de datos; y una final, de interpretación de los cambios paleoambientales que conlleva la presentación de los resultados en forma de artículo científico y posterior debate en el aula. Todos los datos necesarios para el desarrollo de la actividad se proporcionan en el presente artículo, si bien esta propuesta de taller queda abierta a las posibles modificaciones y mejoras que el profesorado considere oportunas. Para vertebrar esta propuesta, en forma de ejemplo de aplicación, se ha incluido el taller en la programación de la asignatura Biología y Geología (4º ESO). La puesta a punto de este taller pone de manifiesto que resulta idóneo para el trabajo en grupo en el aula permitiendo que el alumnado se sienta partícipe de todas las fases que constituyen una investigación científica.

Os inibidores orais do fator Xa na prevenção de eventos cerebrovasculares em doentes com fibrilhação auricular não-reumática

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2014

Society's level of literacy: A cross cultural study. ACES Working Papers No. 4, 2008

In this study, the relationship between the country's level of literacy and its national culture will be explored. Cultural differences effect the way that people think and react. Culture is "the value shared amongst distinctive social groups and classes" (Soley and Pandya 2003, 206). House, et al. (2004, 57) define culture as "shared motives, values, beliefs, identities, and interpretations or meanings of significant events that result from common experiences of members of collectives and are transmitted across age generations." Dutch anthropologist Geert Hofstede (1991) considers culture to be "the collective programming of the mind. Culture is a stem of collectively held values" (Hofstede 1981, p. 240).

Palynology of ODP Leg 127 sites

This initial survey of pollen from 192 samples from Hole 794A, supplemented by 189 samples from Hole 795 and 797B, suggests that marine pollen assemblages from the southwestern Sea of Japan provide a consistent Neogene pollen stratigraphy and a solid basis for regional paleoenvironmental reconstructions. Late Miocene vegetation inferred from these pollen data, a mix of conifer and broad-leaf elements with now-extinct Tertiary types well represented, appears similar to Aniai-type floras of Japan. During the late Miocene through early Pliocene, as Tertiary types declined, conifers (including the Sequoia/Cryptomeria group) became more prominent than broad-leaf elements, and herbs played an increasing role in the vegetation. Middle Pliocene pollen assemblages imply significant changes in forest composition. In a 500,000-yr interval centered at ~4 m.y., Tertiary and warm-temperate deciduous types re-expanded and were comparable to or greater than middle-late Miocene levels. Temperate and cold-temperate conifers {Picea, Abies, Tsuga) were minimal. Subsequently, Tertiary and deciduous forest components (including Quercus) decreased, Picea, Tsuga, and Abies were again prominent, and herbs formed an increasingly larger part of the vegetation. Between ~3 m.y. and -2.5 m.y., conifers, except for Cryptomeria types, were prominent, Quercus continued to decline, and other broad-leaf trees were minor. Over the last 2 Ma, the very large and frequent changes in forest composition inferred from pollen in the Sea of Japan correspond to forest dynamics inferred from changes in pollen and floral assemblages throughout Japan. Given present vegetation/climate relationships, broad trends in Neogene climate inferred from these preliminary pollen data include decreasing temperatures, increasing seasonality in temperatures and precipitation, and increasing amplitude and frequency of climatic change. Two significant events, centered at ~9 m.y. and ~4 m.y., punctuate the gradual deterioration of the equable warm, humid subtropical/warm temperate late Miocene and early Pliocene climates. The first indication of cold-temperate conditions comparable to those of Pleistocene glacial intervals occurs ~3 m.y. Subsequently, regional climates oscillated rapidly between temperate and cold-temperate regimes that supported conifer and mixed broad-leaf forests; however, climatic extremes were apparently never great enough to displace warm-temperate and temperate forests from Honshu nor to produce arctic climates on the west coast of Japan.

Missouri, day by day;

A calendar of significant events in Missouri history which includes the most important articles, checked, revised and rewritten, that appeared in "This week in Missouri history," a series of press releases published by the State historical society of Missouri from 1925 to 1941. cf. v. 1, Pref.

"The land is mine" : from tenancy to family farm ownership /

Includes bibliographical references and index.

COMUNICAÇÃO DE MERCADO E AS MANIFESTAÇÕES PERCEPTIVAS DAS MARCAS NAS REDES SOCIAIS VIRTUAIS

Este estudo tem como objetivo a comprovação da existência de interferência dos formadores de opinião na comunicação da marca com seus consumidores (formadores de opinião, aqui neste estudo, entendemos como pessoas que geram influência em grupos de pessoas que debatem um determinado assunto). Mapeamos o impacto desta interferência supra citada e encontramos cinco grandes eventos significativos dos reflexos na marca. O quadro teórico de referência é formado por autores contemporâneos, e baseia-se na perspectiva do estudo da comunicação mercadológica, cibercultura, micropoder, maquinodependência e psicotecnologia. A forma de comprovação do estudo foi composta de metodologias que compreende estudo historiográfico, estudo de caso e grupos focais. (vem antes da metodologia). Alcançamos os objetivos iniciais e comprovamos a existência da interferência do formador de opinião na comunicação da marca com seus consumidores.

Metahistoria nacional y metaficcion biografica en "Historia de Mayta", de Mario Vargas Llosa

The thesis explores Mario Vargas Llosa's Historia de Mayta in light of recent studies of Latin America's new historical novel (Menton, Juan-Navarro) and in connection with contemporary literary theory (Waugh, Stonehill) and new trends in the philosophy of history (White, Foucault). In my study, I focus on three major levels of analysis: (1) significant events in Peruvian history to which the novel alludes; (2) biographical elements that strongly evoke the lives of Ernesto "Che" Guevara, Jacinto Renteria, and Vargas Llosa himself; and (3) the self-referential devices that aim at questioning the validity of empirical analysis in both fiction and history. The allegorical dimension of the novel's view of modern Peruvian politics, its biographical component, and the self-consciousness of its historiographic approach make of Historia de Mayta both a metahistory of Peru and a biographical metafiction. The thesis ultimately reveals the problematic borderline between fiction and reality, the novel and history.

A systems approach to describing the process of individual adoption of IT innovations

Research on the adoption of innovations by individuals has been criticized for focusing on various factors that lead to the adoption or rejection of an innovation while ignoring important aspects of the dynamic process that takes place. Theoretical process-based models hypothesize that individuals go through consecutive stages of information gathering and decision making but do not clearly explain the mechanisms that cause an individual to leave one stage and enter the next one. Research on the dynamics of the adoption process have lacked a structurally formal and quantitative description of the process. ^ This dissertation addresses the adoption process of technological innovations from a Systems Theory perspective and assumes that individuals roam through different, not necessarily consecutive, states, determined by the levels of quantifiable state variables. It is proposed that different levels of these state variables determine the state in which potential adopters are. Various events that alter the levels of these variables can cause individuals to migrate into different states. ^ It was believed that Systems Theory could provide the required infrastructure to model the innovation adoption process, particularly applied to information technologies, in a formal, structured fashion. This dissertation assumed that an individual progressing through an adoption process could be considered a system, where the occurrence of different events affect the system's overall behavior and ultimately the adoption outcome. The research effort aimed at identifying the various states of such system and the significant events that could lead the system from one state to another. By mapping these attributes onto an “innovation adoption state space” the adoption process could be fully modeled and used to assess the status, history, and possible outcomes of a specific adoption process. ^ A group of Executive MBA students were observed as they adopted Internet-based technological innovations. The data collected were used to identify clusters in the values of the state variables and consequently define significant system states. Additionally, events were identified across the student sample that systematically moved the system from one state to another. The compilation of identified states and change-related events enabled the definition of an innovation adoption state-space model. ^

Metahistoria nacional y metaficción biográfica en Historia de Mayta, de Mario Vargas Llosa

The thesis explores Mario Vargas Llosa's Historia de Mayta in light of recent studies of Latin America's new historical novel (Menton, Juan-Navarro) and in connection with contemporary literary theory (Waugh, Stonehill) and new trends in the philosophy of history (White, Foucault). In my study, I focus on three major levels of analysis: 1) significant events in Peruvian history to which the novel alludes; 2) biographical elements that strongly evoke the lives of Ernesto "Che" Guevara, Jacinto Rentería, and Vargas Llosa himself; and 3) the self-referential devices that aim at questioning the validity of empirical analysis in both fiction and history. The allegorical dimension of the novel's view of modern Peruvian politics, its biographical component, and the self-consciousness of its historiographic approach make of Historia de Mayta both a metahistory of Perú and a biographical metafiction. The thesis ultimately reveals the problematic borderline between fiction and reality, the novel and history.

A configuração do circuito espacial de produção sucroalcooleira em Alagoas

The sugarcane production consists in the principal product activity in the state of Alagoas, holding a structure composed of 25 unities of production that represents the economic base of more than a half of its municipies, what make it be the biggest producer of the sector in North and Northwest, exporting its products for countries in different continents. From this reference, it was searched in the present work, to understand the configuration of the circuit space production of sugar cane in Alagoas, from the use of the territory, trough the analyses of the more significant events related to the sector, and, the established rules by the State, through the government, by organs like Institute of Sugar and Alcohol (IAA), and programs like National Alcohol Program (Proálcool), between others, that had as function to structure and to allocate resources to the sugar cane sector. It was realized that the investments done made possible the renovation of techniques used in the sugar cane complex. In the beginning, with the substitution of the mill for factories and, afterwards, the improvement of the agriculture and factory process themselves, improving the utilization of the byproduct, and the productive integration of instances, specially with the sugar, cane, electricity generation production, intensifying the participation of the state in the internation division of labor, giving it a organization structure divided by big hegemonic agents of this process. SO, the sugar cane geographic configuration existing in alagoano territory was restructured and the circuit even more pass to constitute movement of many scales, subsidized by cooperation circles. However, this configuration showed itself subservient to world commerce, what conditions the adoption of hegemonic practices that are far from the local projects and living practices. The verticality imposed offers a configuration that isn’t peculiar, that only serves to answer to the big hegemonic agent commands, characterizing the continuity of the present capitalism process. It means that the sugar cane factories use corporately the territory as resource to obtain more lucrativity and this way dominate the bigger quantity of consumer commerce

Capital social e desenvolvimento de territórios: estudo multicasos nos territórios da cidadania do Rio Grande do Norte

This study aims to systematize elements for territorial development analyzing attributes of social capital present in the territories of Rio Grande do Norte. Unlike other studies about the subject, it is not intended to measure the stock of social capital, but rather to reveal the phenomenon of social organization and its implications, considering territories examined are already made around social capital structures. Case study were used as strategy research because it is enables to understand holistic features and significant events within the context of real life. For this research were selected representatives of public and social institutions involved in territorial collegiate specifically those of the governing core, selected from the more effective involvement of discretion in structure, functioning and meetings. The three territories have similar realities, are products of a public policy that is based on common criteria and present interdependence between categories of analysis of social capital. The presence or absence of any relationship - link, bridge or connection - influences the performance of territorial policy, affecting the social organization and fostering processes of access to information. In the cases at hand, despite the similarity of the general conditions of structure and function, the Apodi has qualities superior to the other. The presence of Dom Helder Camara project that articulates, in parallel to the Territory of Citizenship, the same actors of public policy with social mobilization capacity and effectiveness of actions, is able to encourage different development processes at Apodi. This can be explanatory factor, the tangent construct social capital, so that the territory present living conditions and better levels of development than the other two addressed here.