The effect of workplace smoking bans on heart rate variability and pulse wave velocity of non-smoking hospitality workers

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of a change in second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure on heart rate variability (HRV) and pulse wave velocity (PWV), this study utilized a quasi-experimental setting when a smoking ban was introduced. METHODS: HRV, a quantitative marker of autonomic activity of the nervous system, and PWV, a marker of arterial stiffness, were measured in 55 non-smoking hospitality workers before and 3-12 months after a smoking ban and compared to a control group that did not experience an exposure change. SHS exposure was determined with a nicotine-specific badge and expressed as inhaled cigarette equivalents per day (CE/d). RESULTS: PWV and HRV parameters significantly changed in a dose-dependent manner in the intervention group as compared to the control group. A one CE/d decrease was associated with a 2.3 % (95 % CI 0.2-4.4; p = 0.031) higher root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), a 5.7 % (95 % CI 0.9-10.2; p = 0.02) higher high-frequency component and a 0.72 % (95 % CI 0.40-1.05; p < 0.001) lower PWV. CONCLUSIONS: PWV and HRV significantly improved after introducing smoke-free workplaces indicating a decreased cardiovascular risk.

Influência do tabagismo passivo associado ao exercício físico realizado por ratas durante prenhez e lactação, sobre o desenvolvimento dos filhotes

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Repercussões do tabagismo passivo durante a prenhez e associado ao exercício físico durante o crescimento na musculatura de ratos wistar

Pós-graduação em Fisioterapia - FCT

Ambient Air Pollution and Lung Cancer Risk in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study

Thesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2016-06

Vulnerable children, stigmatised smokers : The social construction of target audiences in media debates on policies regulating smoking in vehicles

Acknowledgements S.H., S.S. and S.D. developed the study concept and gained funding for the work. S.H. developed the study design. J.B. and H.W. drafted the manuscript. J.B. and H.W. developed the coding frame and coded the articles. S.H., S.S. and S.D. critically revised the manuscript. Funding The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This project was funded by Cancer Research UK (C47682/A16930) and the Scottish School of Public Health Research. Sheila Duffy is Chief Executive of ASH Scotland. Heide Weishaar and Shona Hilton are funded by the UK Medical Research Council as part of the Informing Healthly Public Policy programme (MC_UU12017-15) at the MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow. The authors declare no additional conflicting interest.

Second-life retailing: a reverse supply chain perspective

Purpose – The authors examine the role of entrepreneurial business models in the reverse supply chain of apparel/fashion retailers. The purpose of this paper is to offer an alternative approach to the “return to the point of origin” prevalent in the reverse chain of manufacturers but less technically and economically feasible in the case of apparel/fashion retailers. This approach, second-life retailing, not only reduces waste but also democratises consumption. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on an extensive literature review, semi-structured interviews with managers of two second-life retailers in Malaysia and observations of a number of stores. Findings – Using the Business Model Canvas, the authors demonstrate the essential characteristics of second-life retailers. Retailers in this study, unlike retailers in the developed world, combine traditional business models with off-price retailing. There is no clear demarcation between the forward and reverse supply chain used to manage first- and second-hand retailing. Practical implications – The paper demonstrates the potential of innovative business models in the reverse supply chain. It encourages managers to look beyond the “return to the point of origin” and seek imaginative alternatives. Such alternatives potentially could result in additional revenue, enhanced sustainability and democratisation of consumption meeting triple bottom line objectives. Originality/value – This paper highlights the importance and relevance of entrepreneurial business models in addressing the reverse supply chain, demonstrating this with the aid of two Malaysian off-price retailers. It also contributes to our nascent knowledge by focusing on emerging markets.

Efeitos do tabagismo passivo associado ao exercício físico durante prenhez e lactação

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

UOCasion: trabajo fin de carrera J2EE

L'objectiu del TFC és el desenvolupament d'una aplicació informàtica sota la plataforma J2EE, implementant el patró model-vista-controlador. Per posar-ho en pràctica, es desenvoluparà una aplicació web que gestioni una companyia dedicada a la compra i venda de cotxes de segona mà. Es desenvoluparà tant la part empresarial relacionada amb la interacció amb els clients com la part administrativa, que permeti a la companyia gestionar la seva xarxa de concessionari i el personal que tenen contractat.

Aplicació e-comerç desenvolupada en especificació J2EE. Tenda on-line de llibres BookSector.

Tenda on-line de llibres nous i de segona mà. Aplicació web distribuïda client-servidor, basada en l'especificació J2EE de java, i desenvolupada amb els frameworks Struts2, Hibernate i JSP per a la part visual. Desenvolupada i provada sobre un servidor d'aplicacions Apache Tomcat 7.0 i un SGBD MySQL Server 5.1. Aplicació que permet la gestió d'una tenda on-line per part dels propietaris del negoci, i per part dels clients que hi accedeixen i es registrin, efectuar comandes de llibres mitjançant un carretó de compra, o fer donacions de llibres usats per tal d'obtenir punts que llavors podran utilitzar per a comprar altres llibres de segona mà.

Tels parents, tels enfants? L'utilisation de données de seconde main dans l'étude des influences politiques parentales en Suisse

''Like Parents, Like Children?'' Using Secondary Data in the Study of Parental Political Influence in Switzerland: This text is devoted to the intergenerational transmission of left-right ideological orientation. Using data from the Swiss Household Panel (www.swisspanel.ch), collected both directly and through intermediaries, it raises the question of the validity of second-hand information, which is discussed on several points. The article also shows that there is a strong long-term coherence between the ideological orientation of parents and their children. It also highlights the fact that the link is not the same for boys as for girls, and it varies between generations. Finally, it shows that strong upward social mobility, compared to the original environment, facilitates emancipation from parental ideology, social inertia being greater for downward and horizontal mobility. Ce texte est consacré à la transmission intergénérationnelle de l'orientation idéologique gauche-droite. Utilisant des données du Panel Suisse de Ménages (www.swisspanel.ch), collectées tant directement que par personnes interposées, il pose la question de la validité des informations de seconde main, qui est étudiée sur plusieurs points. L'article montre en outre qu'il existe à long terme une forte cohérence entre l'orientation idéologique des parents et de leurs enfants. Il met aussi en évidence que ce lien n'est pas la même auprès des garçons qu'auprès des filles, et qu'il varie entre les générations. Finalement, il montre qu'une forte ascension sociale par rapport au milieu d'origine facilite l'émancipation des orientations idéologiques parentales, l'inertie étant plus forte pour les trajectoires descendantes et horizontales.

Venäjän automarkkinat

Venäjän automarkkinoiden uskotaan kasvavan muutaman vuoden sisällä Euroopan suurimmiksi. Keskeisin syy automarkkinoiden nopeaan kasvuun on ollut venäläisten elintason ja tätä kautta ostovoiman kasvaminen. Autoluototuksen kehittyminen on myös kiihdyttänyt automarkkinoiden kehitystä. Venäjän automarkkinat jakautuvat neljään osaan: Uusiin venäläisiin merkkeihin, uusiin ulkomaisten merkkien Venäjällä valmistettuihin autoihin, uusiin tuontiautoihin sekä käytettyihin tuontiautoihin. Työssä keskitytään uusien autojen markkinoihin sekä autonvalmistajiin näiden markkinoiden toimijoina. Venäjän Neuvostoliitolta peritty autoteollisuus ei ole pystynyt täyttämään asiakkaiden kovenevia laatuvaatimuksia ja ulkomaiset automerkit ovatkin saaneet Venäjällä erittäin vahvan jalansijan. Venäjä on kaivannut ulkomaisia investointeja ja on suorastaan houkutellut ulkomaisia autonvalmistajia maahan. Ulkomaiset valmistajat ovat kuitenkin menestyksen lisäksi joutuneet kohtaamaan Venäjällä toimiessaan monenlaisia haasteita. Laatukriteerit täyttävien alihankkijoiden löytäminen on ollut vaikeaa ja joissain autoteollisuuden keskittymissä alkaa olla jo työvoimapulaa. Jatkuva inflaatio asettaa teollisuudelle palkankorotuspaineita. Venäjän automarkkinat ovat kuitenkin suuret ja houkuttelevat ja tulevat kasvamaan haasteista huolimatta vielä tulevina vuosinakin.

The governmental organization's role in railway freight market's liberalization -building knowledge through Swedish and Polish operators' experiences

Globalization has increased transport aggregates’ demand. Whilst transport volumes increase, ecological values’im portance has sharpened: carbon footprint has become a measure known world widely. European Union together with other communities emphasizes friendliness to the environment: same trend has extended to transports. As a potential substitute for road transport is noted railway transport, which decreases the congestions and lowers the emission levels. Railway freight market was liberalized in the European Union 2007, which enabled new operators to enter the markets. This research had two main objectives. Firstly, it examined the main market entry strategies utilized and the barriers to entry confronted by the operators who entered the markets after the liberalization. Secondly, the aim was to find ways the governmental organization could enhance its service towards potential railway freight operators. Research is a qualitative case study, utilizing descriptive analytical research method with a normative shade. Empirical data was gathered by interviewing Swedish and Polish railway freight operators by using a semi-structured theme-interview. This research provided novel information by using first-hand data; topic has been researched previously by utilizing second-hand data and literature analyses. Based on this research, rolling stock acquisition, needed investments and bureaucracy generate the main barriers to entry. The research results show that the mostly utilized market entry strategies are start-up and vertical integration. The governmental organization could enhance the market entry process by organizing courses, paying extra attention on flexibility, internal know-how and educating the staff.

Reparar y sustituir cosas en la compraventa : evolución y últimas tendencias

International texts recognise the buyer's right to the repair or replacement if the goods do not conform with the contract, and at the same time, establish exceptions to their application and certain rules of protection for the seller (Art. 46 CISG, Art. 7.2.3 UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts, Art.9:102 PECL and Arts. 4:202 y 4:204 (1) PEL S). This approach is a result of a compromise between civil law systems and the common law and it has been widely extended to the regulation of consumer sales over the last decade (Art. 3.3 of the Directive 1999/44/CE, Art. III.-3:302 DCFR, Art. 26 of the proposal for a Directive on Consumer Rights). These norms regulate the different ways of requiring the fulfilment of a contractual obligation from a new paradigm which has little to do with a need to protect the weak consumer which governed the origins of consumer policy in the European Community. Now the idea of the consumer who shall behave economically efficiently prevails in Art. 3.3 of the Directive 1999/44/CE, a norm which is clearly influenced by the international texts and whose transposing into the national legislation of Member States has created important problems for traditional dogmas. In this sense there are still some unclear issues, such as the possibility of replacing in sales of goods of specific nature or second-hand goods, some aspects on the exercise of repair and replacement, and, even, their use as primary remedies rather than a reduction in price or a rescission of the contract. With regard to this, in England the possibility of offering the consumer free choice between these measures if the goods do not conform with the contract has been raised. This is far from the principle of pacta sunt servanda and is clearly contrary to the economic approach of the proposal for a Directive on Consumer Rights. Up to now Spain has limited itself to implementing Art. 3.3 Directive 1999/44/CE into its legal system in almost literal terms and the case law on the issue has completely turned out to be insufficient. By contrast with Germany, the Spanish legislator has not extended the application of the rules of repair and replacement of Directive 1999/44/CE to nonconsumer sales, even though two draft bill proposals along these lines presented by the General Commission for Codifying (“Comisión General de Codificación”), the last one being in January, 2009

La caixa de núvia: un procés del segle XIV

A fourteenth century caixa de nuvia (a bride’s case). This article studies a bride’s case, or chest described in the records of a trial that took place in the late fourteenth century, preserved in the Archives of Crown of Aragon. The case was claimed by Eulàlia, a commoner from the region of Barcelona. We study the circumstances of the claim, and then consider the descriptions of the items and the relations between the items and the owner. We stress the structures and the functionality of the chest itself and the meticulous description of contents , mainly second hand household wear and engagement presents. We highlight the relationship between women, especially between the mother and the daughter, and the relationship between these women and their possessions

Why did the perfect marriage end : case Cloetta Fazer

Mergers are often used purposeful strategic tool. Previous research has mainly concentrated on actu-al M&A process and to elements leading to that decision. Purpose of this study is to approach de-merger of Cloetta Fazer and research what were the reasons that lead to demerger. Problem is ap-proached by first evaluating was the merger an success in the first place, as described in earlier stud-ies, media and academic research. From this information the motives for demerger are approached. Research material for study is collected from second hand sources. Research data-sample was di-vided into two categories: Timeline Sample & Additional Information Sample. Timeline sample was collected by systematically collecting news from Sanoma News database and Alma News database. This data was indexed and a timeline was constructed. From this timeline key dates, themes and elements were identified and further data gathering was concentrated based on those themes. Results of the study suggest that Merger was not as great success as it was described in earlier years. Explanations why merger ended up into demerger vary greatly. From material key factor, lack of, or error in, long term strategic planning was identified. This was due to death in family during strategy creation and mistakes made in pre-merger phase.