Self-esteem and job satisfaction of adults with mild mental retardation in sheltered workshops and supported employment programs

A sample of 200 adults with mild mental retardation were assessed on overall job satisfaction and self-esteem using the Vocational Program Evaluation Profile and the Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory. The subjects worked either in a sheltered workshop or in a supported employment setting. Results indicated that there was a significant relationship between self-esteem and job satisfaction for both groups of subjects. In addition, subjects who worked in supported employment reported significantly higher levels of job satisfaction also. There was also an interaction between place of residence and place of employment when looking at self-esteem; those who live in a semi-independent home and work in supported employment reported the highest levels of self-esteem. These results are discussed in terms of the social validity of supported-employment for persons with mild mental retardation. ^

Team diversity and leadership: Tests of model of process and direct effects

A model was tested to examine relationships among leadership behaviors, team diversity, and team process measures with team performance and satisfaction at both the team and leader-member levels of analysis. Relationships between leadership behavior and team demographic and cognitive diversity were hypothesized to have both direct effects on organizational outcomes as well as indirect effects through team processes. Leader member differences were investigated to determine the effects of leader-member diversity leader-member exchange quality, individual effectiveness and satisfaction.^ Leadership had little direct effect on team performance, but several strong positive indirect effects through team processes. Demographic Diversity had no impact on team processes, directly impacted only one performance measure, and moderated the leadership to team process relationship.^ Cognitive Diversity had a number of direct and indirect effects on team performance, the net effects uniformly positive, and did not moderate the leadership to team process relationship.^ In sum, the team model suggests a complex combination of leadership behaviors positively impacting team processes, demographic diversity having little impact on team process or performance, cognitive diversity having a positive net impact impact, and team processes having mixed effects on team outcomes.^ At the leader-member level, leadership behaviors were a strong predictor of Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) quality. Leader-member demographic and cognitive dissimilarity were each predictors of LMX quality, but failed to moderate the leader behavior to LMX quality relationship. LMX quality was strongly and positively related to self reported effectiveness and satisfaction.^ The study makes several contributions to the literature. First, it explicitly links leadership and team diversity. Second, demographic and cognitive diversity are conceptualized as distinct and multi-faceted constructs. Third, a methodology for creating an index of categorical demographic and interval cognitive measures is provided so that diversity can be measured in a holistic conjoint fashion. Fourth, the study simultaneously investigates the impact of diversity at the team and leader-member levels of analyses. Fifth, insights into the moderating impact of different forms of team diversity on the leadership to team process relationship are provided. Sixth, this study incorporates a wide range of objective and independent measures to provide a 360$\sp\circ$ assessment of team performance. ^

Dyades d’attachement et satisfaction sexuelle chez des couples en psychothérapie

Le présent mémoire doctoral a comme principal objectif de déterminer si la dynamique d’attachement entre les deux conjoints (i.e., le pairage des styles d’attachement de chacun : sécure, préoccupé, craintif et détaché) permet de mieux rendre compte de l’insatisfaction sexuelle que le style d’attachement de chacun, pris séparément. Afin d’y parvenir, les conjoints seront pairés quant à leur style d’attachement afin de créer des pairages (3 et 16 pairages). Par la suite, ces pairages seront comparés sur le plan de leur insatisfaction sexuelle tout en tenant compte du genre des conjoints et de certaines covariables (durée de la relation et statut marital). L’échantillon de l’étude se compose de 1078 individus hétérosexuels qui consultent en psychothérapie conjugale (539 couples). Deux questionnaires (le Questionnaire sur les expériences d’attachement amoureux (QEAA) (Experiences in close relationships (ECR) ; Brennan, et al., 1998; traduit par Lafontaine & Lussier, 2003) et le Questionnaire de Hudson (Index of Sexual Satisfaction (ISS); Hudson, 1978; traduit par Comeau & Boisvert, 1985)) sont utilisés afin de mesurer les représentations d’attachement des participants et le degré de l’insatisfaction d’un individu par rapport à sa relation avec un partenaire. Dans un premier temps, une analyse factorielle exploratoire permet de vérifier que le Questionnaire de Hudson comporte une seule composante dans sa structure. Ensuite, une ANOVA à mesures répétées pour le genre des participants (3 (pairage) X 2 (femmes vs hommes)) détermine s’il existe des différences de moyennes entre les dyades d’attachement, et ce, selon le sexe. Les résultats montrent que les pairages vivant le plus d’insatisfaction sexuelle sont celles composés de deux conjoints insécures et ceux étant plus satisfaits sont ceux unissant deux partenaires sécures. Enfin, une ANOVA à mesures répétées pour le genre des participants (16 (pairage) X 2 (femmes vs hommes)) est employée dans le but de déterminer s’il existe des différences de moyennes entre les dyades d’attachement des participants. Les femmes les plus satisfaites sont les femmes préoccupées jumelées à un homme sécure et celles les plus insatisfaites sexuellement sont dans un pairage craintive-craintif. Chez les hommes, les satisfaits sexuellement sont issus du pairage composé d’une femme préoccupée et d’un homme préoccupé et ceux étant les plus insatisfaits de leur sexualité sont les détachés jumelés à une femme détachée. Les analyses présentement également les taux de prévalence des types d’attachement, mais aussi des pairages de ces mêmes représentations, et ce, dans une population clinique. Le type d’attachement sécure semble donc avoir un effet protecteur pour l’insatisfaction sexuelle, tout comme le style préoccupé. Toutefois, la détresse sexuelle apparaît être plus présente au sein des types détaché et craintif.

The use of technology-based self-service on assessments of consumer satisfaction and consumer commitment

Technology-based self-service (TBSS) enables consumers to complete services themselves using a technological interface. As evaluations of consumer satisfaction and commitment have typically focused on interpersonal interactions, the effect of TBSS on these is under researched . This paper explores the impact of TBSS on consumer satisfaction and on a multidimensional measure of consumer commitment.Data are collected from 241 hotel guests. The results suggest personal-service is more important for satisfaction and commitment. This has implications for marketing as the benefits of adopting TBSS are not clear. Multi-dimensional commitment provides some interesting findings and suggests the need for further research into TBSS and commitment.

E-marketing : the impact of self-service technology on consumer satisfaction and consumer commitment

Traditionally, service encounters have included an interpersonal interaction between the service provider and the customer. The introduction ofself-service technologies to the service encounter, however, is reducing and in some cases, eliminating this interpersonal interaction. Self-se rvice technology is where the customer delivers the service themselves using a technological interface. This CIM funded research programme investigates the effect of self-service technology on the service encounter, and in turn on consumer satisfaction and consumer commitment. This paper reviews the literature relevant to the current study and outlines the constructs of interest in this study. The resear ch hypotheses and conceptual model are also introduced.Finally, the agenda for future research is presented.