Ambiente computacional paradesenvolvimento de aplicações de controladores lógicos programáveis baseado em linguagens SFC e ST

This work proposes an environment for programming programmable logic controllers applied to oil wells with BCP type method of artificially lifting. The environment will have an editor based in the diagram of sequential functions for programming of PLCs. This language was chosen due to the fact of being high-level and accepted by the international standard IEC 61131-3. The use of these control programs in real PLC will be possible with the use of an intermediate level of language based on XML specification PLCopen T6 XML. For the testing and validation of the control programs, an area should be available for viewing variables obtained through communication with a real PLC. Thus, the main contribution of this work is to develop a computational environment that allows: modeling, testing and validating the controls represented in SFC and applied in oil wells with BCP type method of artificially lifting

Ambiente computacional paradesenvolvimento de aplicações de controladores lógicos programáveis baseado em linguagens SFC e ST

This work proposes an environment for programming programmable logic controllers applied to oil wells with BCP type method of artificially lifting. The environment will have an editor based in the diagram of sequential functions for programming of PLCs. This language was chosen due to the fact of being high-level and accepted by the international standard IEC 61131-3. The use of these control programs in real PLC will be possible with the use of an intermediate level of language based on XML specification PLCopen T6 XML. For the testing and validation of the control programs, an area should be available for viewing variables obtained through communication with a real PLC. Thus, the main contribution of this work is to develop a computational environment that allows: modeling, testing and validating the controls represented in SFC and applied in oil wells with BCP type method of artificially lifting

Prevalencia de síntomas de fatiga crónica / encefalomielitis miálgica (SFC/EM) y su relación con factores ocupacionales en trabajadores en una empresa de vigilancia en Bogotá, Colombia, 2016

Antecedentes: El síndrome de fatiga crónica/encefalomielitis miálgica (SFC/EM), un trastorno debilitante y complejo que se caracteriza por un cansancio intenso, ha sido estudiado en población general, sin embargo, su exploración en población trabajadora ha sido limitada. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de síntomas asociados a SFC/EM y su relación con factores ocupacionales en personal de una empresa de vigilancia en Bogotá, durante el año 2016. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de corte transversal en una empresa de vigilancia, utilizando como instrumento para la recolección de datos la historia clínica-ocupacional. En las variables cualitativas se obtuvieron frecuencias simples y porcentajes y en las variables cuantitativas medidas de tendencia central y de dispersión. Se determinaron asociaciones entre variables (Ji-cuadrado de Pearson o test exacto de Fisher, valores esperados <5), (mann-whitney.y un modelo de regresión logística incondicional (p<0.05)). Resultados: Se evaluaron 162 trabajadores, los síntomas de SFC/EM con mayor prevalencia fueron sueño no reparador (38,3%) y dolor muscular (30,2%). Se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre fatiga severa y crónica por al menos 6 meses con alteración en sistema nervioso (p=0,016) y consumo de medicamentos (p=0,043), así mismo entre el sueño no reparador con el número de horas de sueño de 5 a 7 horas (p=0,002). Conclusión: En los vigilantes el síntoma de SFC/EM más prevalente fue sueño no reparador y este se asoció con el número de horas de sueño de 5 a 7 horas. Con el estudio se pudieron determinar los casos probables de SFC/EM los cuales se beneficiarían de una valoración médica integral para un diagnóstico oportuno.

Application of power electronics in improving power quality and supply efficiency of AC traction networks

Major advances in power electronics during recent years have prompted considerable interest within the traction community. The capability of new technologies to reduce the AC railway networks' effect on power quality and improve their supply efficiency is expected to significantly decrease the cost of electric rail supply systems. Of particular interest are Static Frequency Converter (SFC), Rail Power Conditioner (RPC), High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) and Energy Storage Systems (ESS) solutions. Substantial impacts on future feasibility of railway electrification are anticipated. Aurizon, Australia's largest heavy haul railway operator, has recently commissioned the world's first 50Hz/50Hz SFC installation and is currently investigating SFC, RPC, HVDC and ESS solutions. This paper presents a summary of current and emerging technologies with a particular focus on the potential techno-economic benefits.

Purification of pharmaceuticals and nutraceutical compounds by sub- and supercritical extraction and chromatography

This thesis discusses the use of sub- and supercritical fluids as the medium in extraction and chromatography. Super- and subcritical extraction was used to separate essential oils from herbal plant Angelica archangelica. The effect of extraction parameters was studied and sensory analyses of the extracts were done by an expert panel. The results of the sensory analyses were compared to the analytically determined contents of the extracts. Sub- and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) was used to separate and purify high-value pharmaceuticals. Chiral SFC was used to separate the enantiomers of racemic mixtures of pharmaceutical compounds. Very low (cryogenic) temperatures were applied to substantially enhance the separation efficiency of chiral SFC. The thermodynamic aspects affecting the resolving ability of chiral stationary phases are briefly reviewed. The process production rate which is a key factor in industrial chromatography was optimized by empirical multivariate methods. General linear model was used to optimize the separation of omega-3 fatty acid ethyl esters from esterized fish oil by using reversed-phase SFC. Chiral separation of racemic mixtures of guaifenesin and ferulic acid dimer ethyl ester was optimized by using response surface method with three variables per time. It was found that by optimizing four variables (temperature, load, flowate and modifier content) the production rate of the chiral resolution of racemic guaifenesin by cryogenic SFC could be increased severalfold compared to published results of similar application. A novel pressure-compensated design of industrial high pressure chromatographic column was introduced, using the technology developed in building the deep-sea submersibles (Mir 1 and 2). A demonstration SFC plant was built and the immunosuppressant drug cyclosporine A was purified to meet the requirements of US Pharmacopoeia. A smaller semi-pilot size column with similar design was used for cryogenic chiral separation of aromatase inhibitor Finrozole for use in its development phase 2.

Stock assessment of the Queensland-New South Wales tailor fishery (Pomatomus saltatrix)

Data on catch sizes, catch rates, length-frequency and age composition from the Australian east coast tailor fishery are analysed by three different population dynamic models: a surplus production model, an age-structured model, and a model in which the population is structured by both age and length. The population is found to be very heavily exploited, with its ability to reproduce dependent on the fishery’s incomplete selectivity of one-year-old fish. Estimates of recent harvest rates (proportion of fish available to the fishery that are actually caught in a single year) are over 80%. It is estimated that only 30–50% of one-year-old fish are available to the fishery. Results from the age-length-structured model indicate that both exploitable biomass (total mass of fish selected by the fishery) and egg production have fallen to about half the levels that prevailed in the 1970s, and about 40% of virgin levels. Two-year-old fish appear to have become smaller over the history of the fishery. This is assumed to be due to increased fishing pressure combined with non-selectivity of small one-year-old fish, whereby the one-year-old fish that survive fishing are small and grow into small two-year-old fish the following year. An alternative hypothesis is that the stock has undergone a genetic change towards smaller fish; the true explanation is unknown. The instantaneous natural mortality rate of tailor is hypothesised to be higher than previously thought, with values between 0.8 and 1.3 yr–1 consistent with the models. These values apply only to tailor up to about three years of age, and it is possible that a lower value applies to fish older than three. The analysis finds no evidence that fishing pressure has yet affected recruitment. If a recruitment downturn were to occur, however, under current management and fishing pressure there is a strong chance that the fishery would need a complete closure for several years to recover, and even then recovery would be uncertain. Therefore it is highly desirable to better protect the spawning stock. The major recommendations are • An increase in the minimum size limit from 30cm to 40cm in order to allow most one-year-old fish to spawn, and • An experiment on discard mortality to gauge the proportion of fish between 30cm and 40cm that are likely to survive being caught and released by recreational line fishers (the dominant component of the fishery, currently harvesting roughly 1000t p.a. versus about 200t p.a. from the commercial fishery).

Protection of a Static Frequency Converter fed traction network, a case study

Aurizon, Australia's largest rail freight operator, is introducing the Static Frequency Converter (SFC) technology into its electric railway network as part of the Bauhinia Electrification Project. The introduction of SFCs has significant implications on the protection systems of the 50kV traction network. The traditional distance protection calculation method does not work in this configuration because of the effect that the SFC in combination with the remote grid has on the apparent impedance, and was substantially reviewed. The standard overcurrent (OC) protection scheme is not suitable due to the minimum fault level being below the maximum load level and was revised to incorporate directionality and under-voltage inhibit. Delta protection was reviewed to improve sensitivity. A new protection function was introduced to prevent back-feeding faults in the transmission network through the grid connection. Protection inter-tripping was included to ensure selectivity between the SFC protection and the system downstream.

Ferramentas computacionais aplicadas aos trabalhos de auditoria interna

Discute a funcionalidade dos softwares específicos de auditoria e as técnicas de auditoria a eles associados e captura a essência de sua aplicação em órgãos de controle interno da administração pública federal. Primeiramente, com fulcro em pesquisas bibliográficas, chega-se ao entendimento de como são aplicadas essas ferramentas e quais são suas vantagens competitivas em relação aos procedimentos tradicionais de auditoria. Posteriormente, por meio de pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa, busca-se corroborar os estudos e conclusões acadêmicas com as melhores práticas desenvolvidas por outros órgãos de controle interno. Dessa forma, foi possível obter um quadro claro sobre a aplicabilidade de ferramentas computacionais aos trabalhos executados por órgãos de controle interno da administração pública federal.

Relatório de gestão fiscal : estudo comparado de procedimentos de análise dos dados

Analisa os instrumentos de que dispõe os artigos 15 a 17 da Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal no controle dos gastos públicos. Objetiva conhecer melhor a sistemática de conferência dos dados do Relatório de Gestão Fiscal - RGF, bem como do cumprimento das exigências dos artigos 16 e 17 da Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal e aprimorar o trabalho executado no âmbito da Coordenação de Auditoria Contábil e Operacional da Secretaria de Controle Interno da Câmara dos Deputados.

A utilização do risco na planificação das ações de controle da Secretaria de Controle Interno da Câmara dos Deputados

Estabelece a metodologia de planejamento anual dos trabalhos eletivos da Secretaria de Controle Interno da Câmara dos Deputados - SECIN. O planejamento se baseia na avaliação dos riscos incidentes sobre áreas, processos ou negócios corporativos sujeitos a ações de controle, visando priorizar os objetos que representem maiores riscos para a consecução dos objetivos institucionais e estratégicos da Câmara dos Deputados. O direcionamento das ações de controle para os objetos mais críticos permite a melhor alocação dos recursos humanos e materiais disponíveis pela Secretaria de Controle Interno e a maior agregação de valor de seus trabalhos. O modelo proposto se fundamenta em doutrina atualizada e nas melhores práticas observadas em órgãos de controle interno e externo dos setores público e privado de diversos países. A principal orientação teórica do modelo segue o Committee of Sponsoring Organization of the Treadway Comission (COSO). A avaliação de risco se fundamenta na modelagem estatística de fatores predefinidos pela SECIN, todos relacionados aos objetivos da Casa. Esses fatores são submetidos a modelagem estatística de dados, cujos resultados permitem a comparação dos objetos auditáveis entre si e a caracterização de prioridades em relação aos riscos totais apurados.

Proposta de um modelo de auditoria concomitante para as obras e serviços de engenharia da Câmara dos Deputados

Alerta para a necessidade de atuação estratégica da Secretaria de Controle Interno da Câmara dos Deputados, na contratação de grandes obras e serviços de engenharia para a melhoria das instalações físicas da Casa. Propõe um modelo de auditoria para o acompanhamento dessas obras, tendo por base uma avaliação que contenha índices de aderência à proposta de planejamento contratada, com destaque para o Índice de Insucesso do Empreendimento (IIE).

Auditoria operacional : conceitos e aplicação na Câmara dos Deputados

Analisa as possibilidades de aplicação da auditoria operacional na Câmara dos Deputados, revisando seus conceitos, dimensões e etapas. Avalia suas aplicações nas atividades de controle a serem realizadas. Propõe roteiro de auditoria operacional para a Secretaria de Controle Interno, com os passos a serem percorridos nas etapas de seleção, planejamento, execução, elaboração de relatório e acompanhamento das recomendações.

Análise dos resultados oriundos do sorteio público de Municípios : subsídios para o controle preventivo

O Programa de Fiscalização a partir de Sorteios Públicos se caracteriza por ser uma ferramenta potencial de combate à corrupção e de correção de eventuais fragilidades na execução de Políticas Públicas. Tenciona subsidiar possíveis proposições de melhoria do Sorteio de Municípios, a fim de agregar valor aos seus resultados. O estudo pretende demonstrar o nível de eficácia dos resultados na execução de um Programa de Governo executado pelo Ministério das Cidades. Objetiva demonstrar em que ponto as fiscalizações da Controladoria-Geral da União proporcionaram correções, sejam pontuais, sejam preventivas, no fluxo de aplicação dos recursos federais. Como objetivos secundários, aspira avaliar o momento de atuação do controle, o ciclo de operacionalização dos Sorteios, o comportamento dos gestores federais e as técnicas e procedimentos empregados nas fiscalizações.