993 resultados para Rural extension


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Due to the appreciation of family farming by the Brazilian Federal Government, the Technical Assistance and Rural Extension was induced to restructure and act in a more participative way, culminating in the National Policy of Technical Assistance and Rural Extension (PNATER), changing the profile of technology transfer and knowledge (diffusionism) for an action that uses participatory methodologies focused on exchange of knowledge between farmers and technicians. The process of discussion of the trends of ATER brought the New ATER , with the recognition of agroecology as the main guidance. This research aimed to analyze methods of public ATER developed by institutions of Rio Grande do Norte, under the guidance of New ATER. The research is qualitative. Secondary data were collected through documental research and literature. Primary data were collected through a set of interviews applied to representatives of public institutions ATER, namely EMATER-RN, Diaconia and AACC and representatives of organizations that receive public ATER. The research showed the difficulties of EMATER-RN in implementing of New ATER due to lack of infrastructure and low adherence of the new form of technical assistance and rural extension. It was shown also that the AACC and Diaconia act with ATER through projects with implementation deadlines set, often interrupting ATER while communities are still in need of assistance

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Family farming has been considered as the new axis of rural development in the country, the focus of several public policies, especially the National Program for Strengthening Family Agriculture - PRONAF and Food Purchase Program - PAA. PRONAF was created with the aim of providing credit to farmers, while the PAA to support family farmers through the purchase of its production. In this context, the objective of this study is to analyze the correspondence of these two public policies for family farming, in the Territories of Citizenship of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, between the years 2008 to 2010. In the methodology, the analysis was performed by comparing the distributions of the two programs in the territories of citizenship status. There were also statistical tests of differences in proportions, and Spearman correlations, and estimated a logit regression model, in order to measure the probability of a farmer participating in the PAA is associated with one of the modes of PRONAF. The data used were obtained from the National and Supply - CONAB at the Institute of Technical Assistance and Rural Extension - EMATER, and the Ministry of Agrarian Development - MDA. Among the key findings was noted that policies were associated with a direct, but low in the districts of the Territories of Citizenship. And that, in the years 2008 and 2009, only in the territories of Mato Grande, Alto Oeste and Seridó, the actions of PAA and PRONAF had direct and significant correlations. It was found that in most of the territories, policies are performed randomly, ie that both have no correlation to each other. The estimates of the logit model showed that the chance of a family farmer, the PAA participant, receive credits PRONAF A, is higher in the territory of Mato Grande, and would have a chance to fall in PRONAF B in all areas surveyed. Moreover, farmers in the territories of the Assu-Mossoró, Sertão of Apodi, Seridó and Alto Oeste, participating in the PAA would be more likely to receive credits PRONAF C, reflecting thus the family farm more consolidated these territories

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According to the methodological presuppositions of the understanding interview (KAUFMAAN, 1996), the present work aims to understand the Digital Inclusion starting from the oral speeches of eight monitors of Digital Inclusion and Citizenship Schools of the Technical Assistance and Rural Extension Company EMATER, located in municipal districts that belong to six regions of the state of Rio Grande do Norte. It also had the intention to analyze it (the Digital Inclusion), while educational process and its relation with the citizenship. In its first part, an analysis of the discussions about digital inclusion was developed, and a reflection about the new technologies in current times, followed by a contextualization of the rural space and the methodological course of the study, when its guiding axis and the travelled roads were presented, where the object of study is built slowly and progressively through a theoretical elaboration that increases day by day, as of the technologies forged in the field of research and formation of the subject. The second part presents the study of the collected information, that is organized in three chapters denominated as follows: Conceptions of the local context; What does digital inclusion mean? and The monitor as an educator. The reports do evidence a peculiar dissatisfaction with the social reality where they are found, that contradicts the positive reflections and perspectives of the studied authors, once that, within the actual conjuncture, the rural space has acquired another meaning, no longer being seen as a far late place. By trying to define the digital inclusion, the monitors make an association with change, the access to knowledge, active participation in society and improvement of the life conditions. Here a mission sense stands out, related to the ideological precept, which has been managing its activities. Towards the monitor‟s relation within the classroom, the senses evidence how they are and how they have been developing their daily activities. Tensions, fears and insecurities are identified, but at the same time, a compromise. The final considerations implicate to the need of reorientations in the formative process of this professionals, detaching the importance of their activities while agents of inclusion and social transformation

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The present thesis evaluated the contributions and limitations of the tutorship program introduced in EMATER-RN, as a tactic of organizational socialization for civil servants in probationary stage. Tutorship was understood as an intensive and continuous relational process, in which a more experienced person in the organization the tutor offers psychosocial support, stimulates the development of the professional career and enables to the newcomer the tutee learning on job performance. The organizational socialization was considered in the perspective of the symbolic interactionism. The study was characterized as a program evaluation and as an action research. The practical interventions for the program implementation were conducted and, at the same time, the evaluations of process, results and reaction to the program were applied. Among the major contributions of the action research, it stood out: the diagnosis of reasons for the formation of the pair and of expectations of tutors and tutees, the improvement of the tutorship registration tools, the ascertainment of the success of the program in the socialization of the new civil servants, the confirmation of the importance of the compatibility among them and of the adequate performance of tutorship functions for achieving its benefits. Based in constraints of the program, one may quote as essential recommendations: the formation of a technical team supporting the program, the clear establishment of deadlines for each procedure and the reinforcement to its compliance, the investigation of the functions performed by the tutor, the sensitization of the managers to the resolution of problems that affect the program, the voluntary participation of the tutor and the continuous meetings of tutors and tutees. One settles for the relevance of the program and in favor of its continuation, provided that its improvement and systematic management are conducted.

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The public policies must have as their aimed the primordial at improving quality of life of families of a given population, however, its performance must be constantly monitored and evaluated scoped to ascertain whether these policies are reaching those goals. This work consisted in search of bibliographies and analysis that addressed the historical evolution of the debate on the subject of agrarian reform in Brazil as public policy and on the policy of technical assistance and rural extension, and collecting data in loco, in order to assess whether the actions implemented under this latter contribute to improvements in local development of settlements projects (PA) land reform in the state of Rio Grande do Norte (RN), this given the constant presented criticisms regarding their effectiveness, considering that it is difficult to empirically differentiate settlements they received of those who did not receive the technical assistance services. In this way, was held the data collection for comparison of characteristics (social organization, relationship with the local environment, form of producing and evaluation of technical assistance services) of two settlements in RN, being one you have received the technical assistance services and another who has not had access to these services in the past five years, at least, to confirm whether those who had access to the above services presents best features of social organization and the relationship with the local environment, mainly, which was confirmed in the results obtained, which still demonstrated that no significant differences on the forma to produce and of commercialization in PA studied. It was also found that the problems faced by families settled in PA studied resemble those seen verified in many other Brazilian states, especially as to how to use natural resources in the areas of land reform and the instability of the availability of technical assistance services. Should be guaranteed at continuity and universality of technical assistance services to settlements, seeking a higher focus on productive issues, which provide the income necessary for families settled can have a better quality of life

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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A assistência técnica e extensão rural no Brasil historicamente tem sido tratada como instrumento de modernização do meio rural brasileiro, ou seja, da transformação do agricultor “atrasado” em agricultor “moderno”. Da mesma forma o técnico que nela atua finda por ser também visto como instrumento, objeto, nunca como ator neste processo. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de colocar o técnico no centro da questão, verificando as possibilidades e modos de construção da sua identidade profissional no contexto da ATER surgido na mesorregião sudeste do Pará a partir de 1997. Este contexto apresenta demandas por competências para as quais o técnico não foi formado nem socializado, como a exigência de uma postura participativa com relação ao agricultor e capacidade de pesquisa, o que finda por provocar conflitos entre o novo perfil requerido e a forma de socialização e formação do técnico. A conclusão é que o ambiente regional é extremamente favorável à atuação do técnico na construção e reconstrução de sua identidade profissional, o que não ocorria nos modelos anteriores de ATER, porém a formação tecnicista acaba por impor barreiras à construção do comportamento participativo no que se re fere às inovações técnicas especificamente.

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Analisar o processo de recuperação de áreas alteradas no âmbito do Programa PROAMBIENTE, a partir das experiências de recuperação de áreas alteradas desenvolvidas por organizações de agricultores familiares da Transamazônica e Xingu, constitui o objetivo central da tese. A unidade espacial de referência do estudo foi o polo Transamazônica, onde estão localizados os municípios de Senador José Porfírio, Pacajá e Anapu, selecionados pelos movimentos sociais da região do Xingu para a realização de uma das principais experiências de desenvolvimento rural realizadas na Amazônia brasileira, o Programa PROAMBIENTE. Como procedimento metodológico, a pesquisa adotou a ferramenta Eco-Cert.Proambiente, programa criado pela EMBRAPA Meio Ambiente para avaliar o nível de adoção de uma série de atividades cujo objetivo seria a melhoria dos serviços utilizados nas propriedades rurais. Para a avaliação da participação dos “atores externos” (ONG e OG) nas experiências do PROAMBIENTE e de outros projetos/iniciativas de recuperação de áreas na região de estudo, lançou-se mão de entrevistas informais. Como resultado, o estudo mostrou que as iniciativas de recuperação de áreas alteradas realizadas pelos agricultores familiares, com auxilio ou não dos “atores externos”, foram de fundamental importância para o desenvolvimento sustentável nas localidades onde foram realizadas. Esse desenvolvimento local sustentável foi potencializado, principalmente, através de programas federais, como o Bolsa Família e Luz para Todos. Sobre as atividades de recuperação ambiental incentivadas pelo PROAMBIENTE, observou-se que várias delas foram adotadas e fizeram parte do cotidiano das famílias rurais, mesmo após quatro anos de ausência do programa na região. Atividades como a diminuição do desmatamento de floresta nativa, prevenção e controle do uso do fogo, diminuição do uso de agrotóxico, foram algumas das adotadas e continuamente realizadas nas propriedades pelas famílias locais. A adoção dessas práticas foi resultado da intensa motivação, realizada pela equipe técnica do PROAMBIENTE, através de intercâmbios, cursos, capacitações e treinamentos das famílias rurais. Outras práticas não foram realizadas, uma vez que as famílias, nesse caso, necessitavam de auxilio “externo”, ou seja, de investimentos para a continuação do planejamento para a construção do “lote ideal”. Esse planejamento seria levado adiante, caso houvesse continuidade do programa, o que não aconteceu. Além do mais, o estudo mostrou o papel de técnicos extensionistas, formados em uma nova dinâmica de se fazer ATER, a qual valoriza os conhecimentos endógenos dos agricultores e que direciona suas atividades voltadas à transição agroecológica.

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O objetivo desse artigo é apontar e discutir algumas lições deixadas pelo PROAMBIENTE, programa federal de apoio ao fortalecimento da agricultura familiar na Amazônia brasileira. O local de realização da pesquisa foi o polo transamazônico localizado na região de integração do Xingu, estado do Pará. Através de entrevistas aplicadas aos agricultores familiares, assim como a atores institucionais que participaram do período em que o programa esteve na região (2002 - 2006), chegou-se a um conjunto de lições que devem ser consideradas para o êxito de programas que visem o desenvolvimento rural. São elas: i. Necessidade de seleção de agricultores com real interesse e capacidade de assumir riscos; ii. Eliminação da cultura assistencialista; iii. Prioridade de atividades chaves: o caso do pagamento por serviços ambientais; iv. Utilização de uma nova abordagem do sistema produtivo; v. Assistência técnica e extensão rural com enfoque inovador; vi. Fortalecimento das organizações rurais locais; vii. Investimento na verticalização da produção; viii. O cuidado na geração de expectativas.

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As Reservas Extrativistas foram criadas tendo como objetivo básico de assegurar o uso sustentável dos recursos naturais e proteger as populações extrativistas que realizam atividades sustentáveis, de forma a garantir a permanência dessas populações na área. De al modo, se realiza um estudo de caso na Reserva Extrativista marinha Mãe Grande de Curuçá (RESEX MGC) com o objetivo de investigar como se constituiu a intervenção das políticas públicas em dezoito comunidades da RESEX MGC, salientando o uso dos recursos naturais pelas populações extrativistas e as consequências para a mobilidade populacional. Para isso se realizou uma pesquisa de campo utilizando uma amostra para aplicação de questionários e entrevistas nas comunidades que integram a reserva, pois se tratou de identificar as ações implantadas. A partir de então, as principais políticas públicas para a RESEX se direcionaram para o setor social e ambiental, por meio da execução do Programa Nacional de Habitação Rural (PNHR), o Programa bolsa verde e de Assistência Técnica de Extensão rural. As ações governamentais implantadas na RESEX MGC forneceram subsídios para a manutenção da população na área, ademais, no caso da mobilidade populacional na RESEX MGC, constatou-se que os principais motivos que ocasionaram a mobilidade, tais qual o trabalho e a educação, estiveram ausentes do planejamento de projetos e ações para os primeiros onze anos da reserva, mas além do trabalho e educação, as características da mobilidade populacional foram a mobilidade sazonal e a mobilidade de retorno a comunidade, por isso se resgatou o sentido de pertencimento e a ligação com o lugar de origem que dentre outros fatores foi fundamental para o registro de retorno ao município.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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The objective of the present work is the construction of percentual indexes of sustainable development "Status" - PIDSD (%) aiming to order and classify the rural settlements, considering agricultural, socioeconomic and environmental aspects, in order to diagnose their sustainable reality. This way, we considered multivariate statistical procedure to establish analytical descriptors - indexes - like the principal components technique (CP). The CP technique was used in a matrix formed by 47 variables observed in 50 rural settlements, distributed in seven different regions of the state of Mato Grosso, obtained from diagnostics, provided by "Mato-Grossense" Enterprise of Research, Assistance and Rural Extension S/A - EMPAER - MT, in order to obtain the indexes used in the construction of PIDSD (%). The settlements with higher PIDSD (%) were considered "higher potential" or "higher sustainable" in relation to the analyzed variables, making the establishment of assistance strategies and cooperation possible, allowing the government and civil society in general, to improve those with worse results ("lower potential" or "lower sustainable"), and search for ways to strengthen and multiply the results of the "higher potential" settlements. Vale do Seringal settlement had the best conditions in relation to the variables, mainly those of higher weigh and was considered the one with "higher potential". São Sebastião had the worst conditions and was considered "lower potential".

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)