Foliar Extrafloral Nectar of Humboldtia brunonis (Fabaceae), a Paleotropic Ant-plant, is Richer than Phloem Sap and More Attractive than Honeydew

The ant-plant Humboldtia brunonis secretes extrafloral nectar (EFN) despite the lack of antiherbivore protection from most ants. EFN was richer in composition than phloem sap and honeydew from untended Hemiptera on the plant, suggesting that EFN could potentially distract ants from honeydew, since ants rarely tended Hemiptera on this plant.

Food patch choice in climbing perch Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792)

The current study analysed how the climbing perch Anabas testudineus an air-breathing freshwater fish make choice when a pair of food patches differing in the gain is presented. The results revealed no significant variation in the preference towards the patch of food material cumulated in one place over the same amount of food dispersed in a wider area and located at an equal distance. Additionally, enhancement of the value of dispersed or cumulated patch, by moving it towards the subject fish (spatial discounting) was also found to be ineffective in influencing the food patch utilisation in this species.

Collecção das Leis do Imperio do Brasil de 1834

Parte 1 - Leis

El cólera en las transformaciones del siglo XIX en Álava. La epidemia de 1834

747 p. (Bibliogr.: 521-546]

A pilot study of hogfish (Lachnolaimus maximus Walbaum 1792) movement in the Conch Reef Research Only Area (northern Florida Keys)

The largely sedentary behavior of many fishes on coral reefs is well established. Information on the movement behavior of individual fish, over fine temporal and spatial scales, however, continues to be limited. It is precisely this type of information that is critical for evaluating the success of marine reserves designed for the conservation and/or management of vagile fishes. In this pilot study we surgically-tagged eight hogfish (Lachnolaimus maximus Walbaum 1792) with coded-acoustic transmitters inside the Conch Reef Research Only Area (a no-take marine reserve) in the northern Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. Our primary objective was to characterize the movement of L. maximus across Conch Reef in the vicinity of the reserve. All fish were captured, surgically-tagged and released in situ during a saturation mission to the Aquarius Undersea Laboratory, which is located in the center of the reserve. Movement of tagged L. maximus was recorded for up to 95 days by three acoustic receivers deployed on the seafloor. Results showed clear diel patterns in L. maximus activity and regular movement among the receivers was recorded for seven of the eight tagged fish. Fidelity of tagged fish to the area of release was high when calculated at the scale of days, while within-day fidelity was comparatively low when calculated at the scale of hours. While the number of fish departures from the array also varied, the majority of departures for seven of the eight fish did not exceed 1-hr (with the exception of one 47-day departure), suggesting that when departures occurred, the fish did not travel far. Future efforts will significantly expand the number of receivers at Conch Reef such that fish movement behavior relative to the reserve boundaries can be quantified with increased temporal and spatial resolution. (PDF contains 22 pages.)

Synopsis of biological data on the Nassau grouper, Epinephelus striatus (Bloch, 1792), and the jewfish, E. itajara (Lichenstein, 1822)

Information on the biology, fishery resources, explotiation patterns, management, and conservation status of two species of grouper-the Nassau grouper, Epinephelus striatus, and the jewfish, Epinephelus itajara-is compiled, reviewed, and analyzed. (PDF file contains 68 pages.)

O período de Garrett na Bélgica (1834-1836) em Memorias Biographicas (de Gomes de Amorim, 1881-1884) e em A Lua de Bruxelas (de Amadeu Lopes Sabino, 2000)

O propósito desta dissertação é analisar o período no qual Almeida Garrett esteve em Bruxelas (1834-1836) como Encarregado de Negócios Estrangeiros e Cônsul Geral de Portugal. Para isso, serão tomadas como base as obras Garrett Memorias Biographicas (1881-1884) de Francisco Gomes de Amorim e A Lua de Bruxelas (2000) de Amadeu Lopes Sabino. Estas obras apresentam as dificuldades financeiras de Garrett, devido ao desprezo do governo português. A biografia é marcada pelo discurso moldado de Amorim, por causa da forte relação de amizade que teve com Garrett, sendo este seu pai literário. Já Sabino apresenta um romance centrado nessa temporada, misturando narrativa histórica, dados biográficos e ficção. Dessa forma, neste trabalho, os discursos serão comparados, explicitando o tom específico de cada um: ambos apresentam as relações do intelectual com o país e com a sociedade, em uma época de grandes mudanças; porém, Amorim guarda um certo verniz e silencia sobre alguns acontecimentos, principalmente relacionados ao casamento de Garrett. Sabino tem, nesse relacionamento com a esposa (Luísa Midosi), o teor do seu romance documentado, se pautando exatamente a partir do que Amorim deixa como enigma

Os caminhos da instrução pública elementar em Maricá de 1834 a 1854

Este trabalho de pesquisa buscou compreender como ocorriam e quais eram as ações no campo das políticas públicas para a instrução primária no século XIX no município de Maricá. Escolhemos como recorte temporal o período do século compreendido entre os anos de 1834 e 1854. A escolha das duas datas se prendeu ao fato de que este período contempla algumas mudanças importantes no campo das políticas públicas para a educação e instrução. Em 1834 temos o Ato Adicional à Constituição de 1824 que delega para as províncias competências para legislar e gerir a instrução primária e secundária. Em 1849 ocorre a implantação do Regulamento Couto Ferraz na província do Rio de Janeiro e, em 1854, o então Ministro do Império encaminha a reforma do ensino na Corte. A proximidade do município com a capital da província e com a Corte pode ser considerado como um dos fatores que instigou a nossa curiosidade em verificar até que ponto esta aproximação contribuiu para o crescimento de Maricá. No decorrer da pesquisa, começamos a perceber que os ritmos de crescimento e desenvolvimento foram diferentes, a cidade continuou como rota de passagem por muitos anos, mesmo com a sua importância econômica (produção agrícola e o pescado), mercado de abastecimento regional. A proximidade com a capital da Província do Rio de Janeiro (Niterói) e a Corte não garantiu à cidade de Maricá crescimento do número de escolas públicas primárias, foio que se verificou ao longo do período analisado. Além da pesquisa bibliográfica sobre o tema utilizamos também como fonte as publicações dos memorialistas locais, os relatórios dos presidentes da província do Rio de Janeiro, assim como documentos disponíveis no Arquivo Público do Estado do Rio de Janeiro.

Biology and assessment of the painted sweetlips (Diagramma pictum (Thunberg, 1792)) and the spangled emperor (Lethrinus nebulosus (Forsskål, 1775)) in the southern Arabian Gulf

The population biology and status of the painted sweeplips (Diagramma pictum) and spangled emperor (Lethrinus nebulosus) in the southern Arabian Gulf were established by using a combination of size-frequency, biological, and size-at-age data. Transverse sections of sagittal otoliths were characterized by alternating translucent and opaque bands that were validated as annuli. Comparisons of growth characteristics showed that there were no significant differences (P>0.05) between sexes. There were well defined peaks in the reproductive cycle, spawning occurred from April to May for both species, and the mean size at which females attained sexual maturity was 31.8 cm fork length (LF) for D. pictum and 27.6 cm (LF) for L. nebulosus. The mean sizes at first capture (21.1 cm LF for D. pictum and 26.4 cm LF for L. nebulosus) were smaller than the sizes for both at first sexual maturity and those at which yield per recruit would be maximized. The range of fishing-induced mortality rates for D. pictum (0.37−0.62/yr) was substantially greater than the target (Fopt=0.07/yr) and limit (Flimit=0.09/ yr) estimates. The range of fishing-induced mortality rates for L. nebulosus (0.15/yr to 0.57/yr) was also in excess of biological reference points (Fopt=0.10/yr and Flimit=0.13/yr). In addition to growth overfishing, the stocks were considered to be recruitment overfished because the biomass per recruit was less than 20% of the unexploited levels for both species. The results of the study are important to fisheries management authorities in the region because they indicate that both a reduction in fishing effort and mesh-size regulations are required for the demersal trap fishery.

A preliminary study on the feeding regime of European pilchard (Sardina pilchardus Walbaum 1792) in Izmir Bay, Turkey, Eastern Aegean Sea

The gut contents of Sardina pilchardus specimens captured in Izmir Bay were examined in order to determine their feeding regimes. Of the 365 stomachs examined, 321 (87.95%) contained food and 44 (12.05%) were empty. Analysis of gut contents verified that S. pilchardus feeds on zooplankton. The most important group in the diet of S. pilchardus was copepods (79.79%). Decapod crustacean larvae (8.17%) and bivalves (3.18%) were second and third, respectively, in order of importance. The application of analysis of variance to monthly data of numerical percentage, weight percentage, frequency of occurrence and index of relative importance indicated that there was no significant difference between months. Oncaea media was the most dominant species for six months of the year. Euterpina acutifrons, Centropages typicus, Calanoida, Oncaea sp. and Corycaeus sp. were the most dominant for March, April, May, September, October and December.

Câmara Municipal: uma sociedade de discurso na cidade-corte do Império do Brasil (1828-1834)

O presente trabalho problematiza a Câmara Municipal da cidade-corte do Rio de Janeiro como uma sociedade de discurso. Por meio de seus enunciados, visíveis a partir das Posturas Municipais, é possível entender o discurso como um mecanismo de poder, que estabelece relações e sujeições. Prática que busca formar sistematicamente os objetos de que fala, a lei é um dispositivo de poder e um espaço de exterioridade, que cria e desenvolve uma rede de lugares distintos. Este saber/poder inventa formas de percepção e hierarquizações, fabrica evidências e organiza lugares. Produz mais que dizibilidades, saberes que devem circular, ser conhecidos e obedecidos. Há toda uma produção de visibilidades, ancorada às normas, que procura formar individualidades docilizadas. Oficiais nomeados e transgressores são, portanto, efeitos de uma governamentalidade que, após a emancipação política do Brasil, se volta ao cotidiano em seus mais efêmeros detalhes. Assim, esta tese de doutorado objetiva cartografar esta matriz discursiva e os dispositivos de sujeição experimentados pela Câmara Municipal, analisando suas Posturas e Registros de Infração, como práticas de subjetivação aplicadas no governo da cidade.

Optimum dietary carbohydrate to lipid ratio in stinging catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch, 1792)

A feeding trial of 8 weeks was conducted in a static indoor rearing system to investigate the optimum carbohydrate to lipid ratio (CHO:L ratio) in stinging catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis. Five iso-nitrogenous (35% crude protein) and iso-energetic (17.06 kJ gˉ¹ gross energy (GE)) fish meal based diets with varying carbohydrate to lipid (CHO:L g/g) ratios of 0.60, 0.98, 1.53, 2.29 and 3.44 for diets 1-5, were tested, respectively. The diets containing a fixed protein to energy ratio (P:E ratio) of 20.50-mg protein kJˉ¹ GE were fed to triplicate groups of 40 fish (per 70-L tank). Fish were fed 5% of their body weight per day adjusted fortnightly. Diet 1, containing 10% carbohydrate and 17% lipids with a CHO:L ratio of 0.60 produced the poorest (p<0.05) growth rates, feed and protein efficiency. Increasing carbohydrate content in the diets to 26% concomitant with a reduction in lipid content to 11% with a CHO:L ration of 2.29 of diet 5 significantly improved (p<0.05) growth rates, feed and protein efficiency. But did not differ with diet 4, containing CHO:L ratio 2.29. A further increase in dietary carbohydrate up to 31% and a decrease in lipids levels to 9% with a CHO:L ratio ranging from 2.29 to 3.44 (diet 4-5) did not significantly improve the fish performance. Apparent net protein utilisation (ANPU) of fish fed diet 5 was higher (p<0.05) than for diets 1 and 2 but did not differ from diets 3 and 4. Higher lipid deposition (p<0.05) in whole body was observed with decreasing dietary CHO:L ratios as increasing lipid levels. Whole body protein of fish fed varying CHO:L diets did not show any discernible changes among the dietary treatments. This study revealed that H. fossilis can perform equally well on diets containing carbohydrate ranging from 26 to 31%, with 9 to 11% lipid or at CHO:L g/g ratio of 2.29-3.44.