Movimentos sociais na contemporaneidade

The work aims to present an overview of social movements in actuality, in the Latin America, and presents a mapping of their main forms in Brazil. The search ponders the educational character of their actions, both for its participants, as for society in general and public agencies. The basic premise of assertion that social movements are sources of innovation and knowledge-generating arrays. However, because it is not an isolated process but social-political character, the paper search joints in the network of relationships that establish movements in political, economic and socio-cultural country, to understand the factors that generate learning built and values of political culture that are being built. . The text highlights movements that occurs in the areas of education - formal and non-formal education.

The effects of skin-to-skin contact during acute pain in preterm newborns

Background and purpose: Several promising non-pharmacological interventions have been developed to reduce acute pain in preterm infants including skin-to-skin contact between a mother and her infant. However, variability in physiological outcomes of existing studies on skin-to-skin makes it difficult to determine treatment effects of this naturalistic approach for the preterm infant. The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of mother and infant skin-to-skin contact during heel prick in premature infants. Method: Fifty nine stable preterm infants (born at least 30 weeks gestational age) who were undergoing routine heel lance were randomly assigned to either 15 min of skin-to-skin contact before, during and following heel prick (n = 31, treatment group), or to regular care (n = 28, control group). Throughout the heel lance procedure, all infants were assessed for change in facial action (NFCS), behavioral state, crying, and heart rate. Results: Statistically significant differences were noted between the treatment and control groups during the puncture, heel squeeze and the post phases of heel prick. Infants who received skin-to-skin contact were more likely to show lower NFCS scores throughout the procedure. Both groups of infants cried and showed increased heart rate during puncture and heel squeeze although changes in these measures were less for the treated infants. Conclusions: Skin-to-skin contact promoted reduction in behavioral measures and less physiological increase during procedure. It is recommended that skin-to-skin contact be used as a non-pharmacologic intervention to relieve acute pain in stable premature infants born 30 weeks gestational age or older. (C) 2007 European Federation of Chapters of the International Association for the Study of Pain. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

An algorithm for computerized automatic tuning of power system stabilizers

The main objective of this paper is to relieve the power system engineers from the burden of the complex and time-consuming process of power system stabilizer (PSS) tuning. To achieve this goal, the paper proposes an automatic process for computerized tuning of PSSs, which is based on an iterative process that uses a linear matrix inequality (LMI) solver to find the PSS parameters. It is shown in the paper that PSS tuning can be written as a search problem over a non-convex feasible set. The proposed algorithm solves this feasibility problem using an iterative LMI approach and a suitable initial condition, corresponding to a PSS designed for nominal operating conditions only (which is a quite simple task, since the required phase compensation is uniquely defined). Some knowledge about the PSS tuning is also incorporated in the algorithm through the specification of bounds defining the allowable PSS parameters. The application of the proposed algorithm to a benchmark test system and the nonlinear simulation of the resulting closed-loop models demonstrate the efficiency of this algorithm. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Antipronation taping and temporary orthoses - Effects on tibial rotation position after exercise

Abnormal lower-limb biomechanics-in particular, abnormal pronation of the subtalar joint with concomitant increased internal rotation of the tibia-is one of the major causes of overuse injuries of the lower limb. A randomized, controlled, within-subjects research design (N = 14) was used to investigate the effect of a temporary felt orthosis and an antipronation taping technique to control the transverse tibial rotation position immediately after application and after each of two 10-minute periods of exercise. The results showed that the taping technique was superior to both the orthosis and no intervention in controlling tibial rotation position immediately after application and after 10 minutes of exercise. After 20 minutes of exercise, neither the tape nor the orthosis was significantly superior to the control; however, the trends suggested that some residual control was maintained. Future studies are needed to determine the amount of foot pronation control required to relieve symptoms in a symptomatic population in order to determine the clinical effectiveness of these treatment methods.

Transurethral injection therapy with carbon-coated beads (Durasphere (R)) for treatment of recurrent pyelonephritis in kidney transplant patients with vesico-ureteral reflux to the allograft

Introduction and objectives: Recurrent transplant pyelonephritis (RTP) secondary to vesico-ureteral reflux (VUR) to the transplant kidney (KTx) remains a significant cause of infectious complications with impact on patient and graft outcomes. Our objective was to verify the safety and efficacy of transurethral injection of Durasphere (R) to relieve RTP secondary to VUR after renal transplantation. Patients and methods: Between June 2004 and July 2008, eight patients with RTP (defined as two or more episodes of pyelonephritis after transplantation) and VUR to the KTx were treated with subureteral injections of Durasphere (R). The mean age at surgery was 38.8 +/- 13.8 yr (23-65). The patients were followed regularly every six months. The mean interval between the KTx and the treatment was 76 +/- 74.1 (10-238 months). The mean follow-up was 22.3 +/- 16.1 months (8-57 months). Results: Six patients (75%) were free of pyelonephritis during a mean period of follow-up of 23.2 +/- 17.1 months (8-57 months). Two of them had no VUR and four cases presented with G II VUR (pre-operative G IV three cases and one case G III). In one case, symptomatic recurrent cystitis made a second treatment necessary. This patient remained free of infections for three yr after the first treatment and for 18 months after the second treatment. Of the remaining two patients, one had six episodes of RTP before treatment in a period of three yr and only two episodes after treatment in two yr of follow-up. The last case had a new episode of pyelonephritis five months after treatment. Conclusions: Transurethral injection therapy with Durasphere (R) is a safe and effective minimally invasive treatment option for KTx patients with recurrent RTP. A second treatment seems to be necessary in some cases.

Schizophrenia Modifying the Expression of Gender Identity Disorder

According to the Brazilian Federal Medical Association, transsexualism is recognized as a gender identity disorder if a long-term diagnostic therapeutic process has demonstrated that the transposition of gender roles is irreversible, and if only hormonal and surgical procedures are appropriate to relieve the stress associated with the gender identity. Although such treatment will only be initiated with caution and after a long phase of intense diagnostic screening, the differentiation between pure identity disorders and transsexual feelings secondary to an ongoing psychopathologic process, such as schizophrenia, can be arduous for many health professionals. To report a case of a female patient with schizophrenia and transsexualism and the risks of a potential diagnostic confusion. A 19-year-old black woman, with an 8-year history of undifferentiated schizophrenia and intense gender dysphoria, was referred for sex reassignment surgery evaluation in the Ambulatory for the Treatment of Sexual Disorders of the ABC Medical School. After a more adequate antipsychotic treatment, her masculine behavior has persisted, but her desire to change her own genital organs has decreased. A better acceptance of the multiplicity of possible genders should neither contribute to inadequate interpretations of the signs and symptoms of our patients nor facilitate dangerous clinical or surgical recommendations. Baltieri DA, and De Andrade AG. Schizophrenia Modifying the expression of gender identity disorder. J Sex Med **;**:**-**.

Medical marijuana initiatives - Are they justified? How successful are they likely to be?

The principal constituent of cannabis, Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), is moderately effective in treating nausea and vomiting, appetite loss, and acute and chronic pain. Oral THC (dronabinol) and the synthetic cannabinoid, nabilone, have been registered for medical use in the US and UK, but they have not been widely used because patients find it difficult to titrate doses of these drugs. Advocates for the medical use of cannabis argue that patients should be allowed to smoke cannabis to relieve these above-mentioned symptoms. Some US state governments have legislated to allow the medical prescription of cannabis, but the US federal government has tried to prevent patients from obtaining cannabis and threatened physicians who prescribe it with criminal prosecution or loss of their licence to practise. In the UK and Australia, committees of inquiry have recommended medical prescription (UK) and exemption from criminal prosecution (New South Wales, Australia), but governments have not accepted these recommendations. The Canadian government allows an exemption from criminal prosecution to patients with specified medical conditions. It has recently legislated to provide cannabis on medical prescription to registered patients, but this scheme so far has not been implemented. Some advocates argue that legalising cannabis is the only way to ensure that patients can use it for medical purposes. However, this would be contrary to international drug control treaties and is electorally unpopular. The best prospects for the medical use of cannabinoids lie in finding ways to deliver THC that do not involve smoking and in developing synthetic cannabinoids that produce therapeutic effects with a minimum of psychoactive effects. While awaiting these developments, patients with specified medical conditions could be given exemptions from criminal prosecution to grow cannabis for their own use, at their own risk.

A pol??tica da reforma do Estado: um exame de abordagens te??ricas

O artigo aborda a contribui????o de tr??s diferentes perspectivas te??ricas ??? o institucionalismo da economia pol??tica (IEP), o institucionalismo da escolha racional (IER) e o institucionalismo da sociologia (IS) ??? para a compreens??o dos desdobramentos da organiza????o estatal e das pol??ticas de reforma do aparelho do Estado. Tais perspectivas s??o complementares ou excludentes, mas cada uma oferece explica????es diferentes sobre atores, prefer??ncias e dificuldades a serem enfrentadas. O texto explica algumas das hip??teses sobre reforma do Estado, contidas em cada perspectiva, observando as suas vantagens e limita????es, e fornece tamb??m uma avalia????o preliminar da relev??ncia te??rica de cada uma para a pesquisa emp??rica na Am??rica Latina e Europa Oriental.

Desempenho organizacional e arranjo federativo: o slack da Sudene e o colapso na gest??o da pol??tica de planejamento regional

Este artigo procura explicar as raz??es do colapso na gest??o do sistema de planejamento regional no Brasil, debru??ando-se sobre a extin????o da Sudene no final da d??cada de 1990, como estudo de caso. Para tanto, utiliza-se o modelo de sa??da, voz e lealdade de Hirschman, para destacar o funcionamento dos mecanismos promotores do slack organizacional nessa ag??ncia de governo, e sua subsequente extin????o. Assim, sustenta-se o argumento de que a implementa????o de modelo federativo fortemente descentralizado, a partir da Constitui????o de 1988, produziu disfun????es operacionais em uma organiza????o dotada de estrutura decis??ria colegiada, deslegitimando-a, e conduzindo-a ?? extin????o.

Swords into ploughshares? China's Soft Power strategy in Southeast Asia and its challenges1

Since the 1990s, alongside China's economic growth, the international community has fostered a general anxiety towards a "China threat." In order to relieve itself from suspicion, China adopted the dual strategies of "harmonious worldview" and "good neighbor policy." The strategies led to the use of soft power in China's foreign policy. China aimed to reduce security concerns implied by the threat theory by supporting an image that caters to international peace and development. This article seeks to explain how China achieves its interests in Southeast Asia through the use of soft power. The authors address the concepts of "harmonious worldview" and "good neighbor policy" and how the twin strategies and soft power have shaped China's foreign policy in recent years. This article aims to provide insights into China's policy options in Southeast Asia in the near future.

Relatório de estágio em Educação Pré-Escolar

Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar

Evaluacion de un conjugado antirrabico por titulacion en diferentes microscopios fluorescentes

En cinco laboratorios se tituló una partida de conjugado antirrábico para inmunofluoresCencia con microscopios de tres marcas distintas, equipados con diferentes accesorios. Los títulos obtenidos variaron entre < 1:4 y 1:64, dependiendo de los accesorios utilizados. Estos resultados ponen de relieve la necesidad de titular los conjugados en cada laboratorio. Se mencionam los inconvenientes que pueden ocasionar la distribución del reactivo diluido de acuerdo con el título obtenido por el productor, o mezclado con suspensiones de cerebro de ratones normales e infectados con virus rábico.

Processos de reestruturação como elemento de combate à crise financeira nas empresas do PSI-20 do sector não bancário no período de 2009 a 2012

Mestrado em Gestão e Empreendedorismo

Diagnóstico Energético e Modelação Energética de uma Piscina Municipal

Mestrado em Engenharia Mecânica – Ramo Energia

Crescer em família: A permanência no acolhimento familiar

O acolhimento familiar oferece um contexto de vida à criança retirada da sua família biológica, por um período de tempo indeterminado que se pode prolongar, no limite, até à maioridade ou independência. Um contexto familiar estável permite desenvolver sentimentos de segurança e de permanência associados à possibilidade de manutenção dos contactos com a sua família biológica. A criança pode e deve, em muitas circunstâncias, permanecer com os seus acolhedores e o reconhecimento deste papel parental é um passo que pode contribuir para afastar ambiguidades e indefinições que são prejudiciais para o sistema e para as práticas que ele vai configurando. Em Portugal, todavia, o acolhimento familiar é umamedida de carácter temporário, cuja aplicação depende da previsibilidade do retorno da criança ou do jovem à família de origem. O objetivo deste artigo é, após uma breve caracterização do sistema de proteção de crianças e jovens português, analisar a permanência no acolhimento familiar de 2006 a 2011, a partir dos relatórios de caracterização das crianças e jovens emsituação de acolhimento. De seguida procedemos à apresentação e discussão de dados recolhidos num estudo desenvolvido no distrito do Porto, englobando as 289 crianças que se encontravamacolhidas emmaio de 2011, e que representavam52%das colocações familiares de crianças em Portugal.Os resultados foram apurados com a aplicação de um formulário de recolha de dados preenchido a partir dos registos oficiais de cada criança acolhida e através da realização de 52 entrevistas a acolhedores. Entre os resultados principais destacam-se os longos períodos de estadia, a permanência da criança na família acolhedora inicial e a avaliação global positiva dos resultados obtidos, o que nos permite identificar um conjunto de desafios que se colocam no futuro imediato ao acolhimento familiar português.