Qualidade microbiológica de camarões resfriados e comercializados em feiras-livres do município de São Paulo/SP

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

Frequência e diversidade de enteroparasitos veiculados por hortaliças comercializadas na cidade de Belém-PA e sua relação com a sazonalidade climática

Os enteroparasitas constituem-se em importante problema de saúde para a população humana no mundo inteiro. O consumo de hortaliças é uma das grandes vias de transmissão desses patógenos. Este trabalho buscou determinar a frequência e a diversidade de enteroparasitos veiculados por hortaliças comercializadas, na região metropolitana de Belém-PA, e sua relação com a sazonalidade climática da região. Foram usadas 252 amostras de três espécies de hortaliças, sendo 84 de alface (Lactuca sativa- variedade crespa), 84 de agrião (Nasturtium officinale) e 84 de coentro (Coriandrum sativum) adquiridas em feiras, hortas e em um supermercado, no período de dezembro de 2008 a novembro de 2009. Cada amostra foi lavada com 500 ml de PBS, permitindo a sedimentação espontânea e posterior centrifugação dos 30 ml finais do sedimento. O sedimento final foi analisado à microscopia óptica comum. Os níveis de contaminação das três espécies de hortaliças foram obtidos pelas médias mensais de estruturas enteroparasitárias identificadas em cada uma delas, e pelo número total de parasitos identificados, nas amostras de cada feira, horta e supermercado. Aos resultados obtidos, na análise microscópica das amostras, foi aplicado o Teste do Quiquadrado e o Teste Exato de Fisher, para determinar a existência ou não de diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre esses resultados. Foi usado o nível de significância ≤ 0,05. A análise microscópica revelou uma contaminação de 100% das amostras obtidas nas feiras, nas hortas e no supermercado incluídos na pesquisa, não havendo diferença estatística na frequência total de parasitos entre elas. O Strongyloides stercoralis foi o parasito mais prevalente, seguido pelo complexo Entamoeba histolytica/dispar e pelos ancilostomídeos, tanto nas amostras das hortas, quanto nas amostras das feiras e do supermercado. O agrião e a alface apresentaram maior índice de contaminação parasitária que o coentro. Foi caracterizada a influência sazonal sobre a intensidade de parasitos nas hortaliças pesquisadas, pois houve diferença estatística entre os resultados obtidos com uma prevalência maior de parasitos nas amostras de verão, em relação as amostras de inverno. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre as médias mensais de contaminação das hortaliças comercializadas nas feiras, nas hortas e no supermercado, indicando que, as condições de higiene sob as quais são comercializadas as hortaliças, apesar de importantes para manter suas características organolépticas, tem menor influência sobre os níveis de contaminação parasitária, que parece estar mais associada ao local e condições de cultivo desses vegetais. Esses dados permitem um bom grau de comparação para futuros trabalhos.

Avaliação das condições higiênico - sanitárias do pescado beneficiado em indústrias paraenses e aspectos relativos à exposição para consumo em Belém - Pará

O estado do Pará é um importante produtor de pescado, beneficiando peixes, moluscos e crustáceos em inúmeras indústrias localizadas em seu território e cuja produção é destinada ao mercado interno e externo. Com o objetivo de analisar os fatores que afetam a qualidade do pescado foram analisadas 433 amostras de pescado,133 ( 51 de peixe eviscerado congelado, 54 de filé de peixe congelado, nove de peixe em posta congelado, duas de peixe inteiro congelado, quatro de peixe eviscerado fresco, três de cauda de lagosta congelada e dez de camarão sem cabeça congelado), de 20 indústrias paraenses sob Inspeção federal foram submetidas a métodos analíticos oficiais; 121 amostras de peixe exposto ao consumo em nove lojas de quatro grandes redes de supermercados foram avaliadas sob diferentes aspectos de exposição e condições de comercialização; e 179 amostras de peixe exposto ao consumo em nove locais (seis mercados e três feiras-livres) foram avaliadas sob diferentes aspectos de exposição e comercialização. Os resultados demonstraram que em elevados percentuais nas análises físico-químicas (determinação de pH, provas de reação de amônia e gás sulfídrico e bases voláteis totais), sensoriais e de verificação de temperatura e microbiológicas (contagem de Staphylococcus aureus, NMP de Vibrio parahemolyticus, contagem de coliformes a 45ºC e pesquisa de Salmonella), o pescado beneficiado sob Inspeção Federal foi classificado como de boa qualidade higiênica e sanitária, com destaque para a ausência de Salmonella e Vibrio parahemolyticus e para o resultado dentro do limite estabelecido para bases voláteis totais em todas as amostras analisadas. No entanto, os limites estabelecidos para a contagem de coliformes a 45ºC e para as provas de cocção, reação de amônia e gás sulfídrico foram ultrapassados em amostras de peixe inteiro congelado. Na exposição para consumo os supermercados foram os estabelecimentos que apresentaram adequado índice de conformidade com a legislação pertinente e os mercados e feiras-livres aqueles com maior inadequação aos parâmetros recomendados. O pescado beneficiado em indústrias paraenses sob inspeção federal apresentou elevada qualidade sanitária, em decorrência dos resultados determinados nas análises realizadas. Medias e ações de vigilância sanitária são necessárias para eliminar as distorções observadas em canais de comercialização como mercados e feiras livres.

As empresas familiares e os desafios do profissional de relações públicas

The enterprises are in the midst of a competitive and open market, in which, rapidly, new enterprises are created, international competitors are installed on the local market and products and services are invented or improved to ensure quality, sophistication and low cost. In this scenario, the familial enterprises seek survival through new information and strategies to solve existing conflicts and overcome the challenges of the globalized market. However, resistance to change is a factor common to more traditional familial enterprise culture, therefore, modify solid structures, built over many years, reflects insecurity, fragility and threats facing the different. This project aims to analyze the brazilian familial enterprise, in particular the enterprise Móveis Zacarias, as its historical trajectory, representativeness, economic importance, concept, structure, culture and problems that are peculiar, for example, problems with succession, management, professionalism and communication. In addition to demonstrating the importance of Public Relations professional in mediating conflicts in family businesses. In addition to demonstrating the importance of PR, that when using any of the communication tools, can mediate and facilitate the relationship between members of the family business, and maintain both systems, leading to cooperation between business and family through preventive actions

Bank efficiency in Brazil: the importance for economic sustainability

Studies on efficiency achieved greater relevance in organisations within an open market framework, which in Brazil began around 1990. The objective of this paper, applying the data envelopment analysis methodology, is to analyse the efficiency of banks operating in the country using the database termed 'the biggest banks', periodically divulged by the Central Bank of Brazil in 2010-2012. The methodology was applied to the 26 largest banking organisations via two approaches, one was financial intermediation and the other was results. In the financial intermediation approach, the efficiency increase was the highest among banks specialised in credit from 2010 to 2012. Retail banks, especially the large ones, felt most intensely the reaction of 2011, a year considered as the sector's low performance year. In the results approach, the efficiency increase was higher among retail banks. Factors such as retractions in the SELIC rate and bank spreads impacted all banks, regardless of the segment.

Fighting corruption with pyramids: A Law and Economics approach to combating corruption in post-socialist countries

Corruption is, in the last two decades, considered as one of the biggest problems within the international community, which harms not only a particular state or society but the whole world. The discussion on corruption in law and economics approach is mainly run under the veil of Public choice theory and principal-agent model. Based on this approach the strong international initiatives taken by the UN, the OECD and the Council of Europe, provided various measures and tools in order to support and guide countries in their combat against corruption. These anti-corruption policies created a repression -prevention-transparency model for corruption combat. Applying this model, countries around the world adopted anti-corruption strategies as part of their legal rules. Nevertheless, the recent researches on the effects of this move show non impressive results. Critics argue that “one size does not fit all” because the institutional setting of countries around the world varies. Among the countries which experience problems of corruption, even though they follow the dominant anti-corruption trends, are transitional, post-socialist countries. To this group belong the countries which are emerging from centrally planned to an open market economy. The socialist past left traces on institutional setting, mentality of the individuals and their interrelation, particularly in the domain of public administration. If the idiosyncrasy of these countries is taken into account the suggestion in this thesis is that in public administration in post-socialist countries, instead of dominant anti-corruption scheme repression-prevention-transparency, corruption combat should be improved through the implementation of a new one, structure-conduct-performance. The implementation of this model is based on three regulatory pyramids: anti-corruption, disciplinary anti-corruption and criminal anti-corruption pyramid. This approach asks public administration itself to engage in corruption combat, leaving criminal justice system as the ultimate weapon, used only for the very harmful misdeeds.

Auto component supply chain: a path to global India

Supply chain management works to bring the supplier, the distributor, and the customer into one cohesive process. The Supply Chain Council defined supply chain as ‘Supply Chain: The flow and transformation of raw materials into products from suppliers through production and distribution facilities to the ultimate consumer., and then Sunil Chopra and Meindl, (2001) have define Supply chain management as ‘Supply Chain Management involves the flows between and among stages in a supply chain to maximize total profitability.’ After 1950, supply chain management got a boost with the production and manufacturing sector getting highest attention. The inventory became the responsibility of the marketing, accounting and production areas. Order processing was part of accounting and sales. Supply chain management became one of the most powerful engines of business transformation. It is the one area where operational efficiency can be gained. It reduces organizations costs and enhances customer service. With the liberalization of world trade, globalization, and emergence of the new markets, many organizations have customers and competitions throughout the world, either directly or indirectly. Business communities are aware that global competitiveness is the key to the success of a business. Competitiveness is ability to produce, distribute and provide products and services for the open market in competition with others. The supply chain, a critical link between supplier, producer and customer is emerged now as an essential business process and a strategic lever, potential value contributor a differentiator for the success of any business. Supply chain management is the management of all internal and external processes or functions to satisfy a customer’s order (from raw materials through conversion and manufacture through logistics delivery.). Goods-either in raw form or processed, whole sale or retailed distribution, business or technology services, in everyday life- in the business or household- directly or indirectly supply chain is ubiquitously associated in expanding socio-economic development. Supply chain growth competitive performance and supporting strong growth impulse at micro as well as micro economic levels. Keeping the India vision at the core of the objective, the role of supply chain is to take up social economic challenges, improve competitive advantages, develop strategies, built capabilities, enhance value propositions, adapt right technology, collaborate with stakeholders and deliver environmentally sustainable outcomes with minimum resources.

Desarrollo de una herramienta de gestión de proyectos y recursos en la nube integrada en Salesforce CRM

La actividad de muchas empresas, y en concreto las de software, está basada en proyectos. Típicamente, estas empresas tendrán un modelo de negocio orientado a productos para un mercado abierto, o un modelo de negocio orientado a consultoría para otras empresas. La empresa LeadClic Solutions se incluye en el segundo grupo. Se trata de una consultoría especializada en una tecnología emergente, Salesforce, cuya labor consiste en el desarrollo de aplicaciones cloud en esta plataforma que satisfagan las necesidades de sus clientes, desde empresas relativamente pequeñas hasta grandes empresas internacionales. Ante esta variedad de realidades, LeadClic necesita una herramienta versátil que permita una gestión eficaz de proyectos de distinta índole, integrando al mismo tiempo gestión de clientes, planificación, control de tiempo y costes, seguimiento, y gestión de recursos humanos. En la actualidad, la empresa basa esta gestión en un gran elenco de programas especializados, desatacando hojas de cálculo, herramientas de gestión de proyectos en diversos programas locales o en la nube, correo electrónico, servicios de comunicación y desarrollos personalizados en Salesforce. El objetivo de este Trabajo Fin de Grado es el diseño, implementación y validación de una herramienta en la nube, sobre la plataforma Salesforce, que integre las soluciones a todas las necesidades de la empresa. ---ABSTRACT---Many companies’ activity, in particular software companies’, is based on projects. Typically, these companies have a product for open market - oriented business model, or a B2B consultancy business model. The company LeadClic Solutions is included in the second group. It is a small consultancy, specialized in an emergent technology, Salesforce, that develops cloud applications in that platform to satisfy its clients’ needs, from small companies to big international ones. Faced with this variety of situations, LeadClic needs a versatile tool able to cope with an effective management of projects of different types, integrating at once client management, planning, time and costs control, monitoring, and human resources management. At the moment, the company bases this management on a wide range of specialized programs, such as spreadsheets, local and cloud based project management tools, emailing, communication services and Salesforce based custom developments. This Final Degree Project seeks to design, implement and validate a cloud based tool, on the Salesforce platform, to integrate the solution to all of the company’s needs into one single application.

Eurosystem collateral policy and framework: Was it unduly changed? Bruegel Policy Contribution 2014/14, 17 November 2014

All Eurosystem credit operations, including the important open market operations, need to be based on adequate collateral. Liquidity is provided to banks against collateral at market prices subject to a haircut. The Eurosystem adapted its collateral framework during the crisis to accept lower-rated assets as collateral. Higher haircuts are applied to insure against liquidity risk as well as the greater volatility of prices of lower-rated assets. The adaptation of the collateral framework was necessary to provide sufficient liquidity to banks in the euro area periphery in particular. In crisis countries, special emergency liquidity assistance was provided. More than 80 percent of the European Central Bank’s liquidity (Main Refinancing Operations and Long Term Refinancing Operations) is provided to banks in five countries (Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain). The changes in the collateral framework were necessary for the ECB to fulfil its treaty-based mandate of providing liquidity to solvent banks and safeguarding financial stability. The ECB did not take on board excessive risks.

Time for the ECB to bite the bullet. CEPS Commentary, 19 January 2015

This Commentary summarises the main reasons why the ECB can no longer delay launching a massive bond-buying programme, also including sovereigns of eurozone member countries, and why such interventions will indeed be effective in raising inflation, thus restoring the ECB’s credibility and spurring economic activity. A credible programme must continue either until an explicit inflation target has been achieved or the ECB balance sheet has reached the €2 trillion target already announced by the ECB’s Governing Council. Regardless of how such interventions will be undertaken, they will reduce interest-rate spreads between eurozone markets, but it is nevertheless important that the ECB designs its operations so as to avoid any implication of direct support or deficit financing facilitation for the eurozone’s most indebted countries. Finally, some kind of guarantee against first losses by the ECB on its sovereign bonds may be appropriate, while entrusting open market operations to each national central bank for their own sovereigns could threaten the very survival of monetary union.

Activities and policies of district banks and their implications for monetary policy : hearing before the Subcommittee on Domestic Monetary Policy of the Committee on Banking, Finance, and Urban Affairs, House of Representatives, Ninety-seventh Congress, second session, September 23, 1982.

Mode of access: Internet.

Stock repurchases and treasury share sales: Do they stabilize price and enhance liquidity?

The article studies the impact of a firm’s trading in its own shares on the volatility and market liquidity of the firm’s stock in the Italian stock market. In the study, both stock repurchases and treasury share sales executed on the open market are defined as trading in own shares. The study finds that Italian firms can reduce the volatility of their stock and boost market liquidity by trading their own shares.

The effects of ownership and stock liquidity on the timing of repurchase transactions

We analyze detailed monthly data on U.S. open market stock repurchases (OMRs) that recently became available following stricter disclosure requirements. We find evidence that OMRs are timed to benefit non-selling shareholders. We present evidence that the profits to companies from timing repurchases are significantly related to ownership structure. Institutional ownership reduces companies' opportunities to repurchase stock at bargain prices. At low levels, insider ownership increases timing profits and at high levels it reduces them. Stock liquidity increases profits from timing OMRs.

Stock repurchases and treasury share sales:do they stabilize price and enhance liquidity?

Can companies reduce the volatility and increase the liquidity of their stocks by trading them? In the context of the Italian stock market, where companies have far more leeway to sell as well as buy their own stocks than in the U.S., the answer is yes. We examine the effects of trading (open-market share repurchases and treasury shares sales) on liquidity (bid–ask spread) and volatility (return variance). Further, we examine the impact of shareholder approvals of repurchase programs on liquidity and volatility. We find clear evidence that trading increases liquidity and reduces volatility. These results are consistent with our analysis of the motives Italian companies give for making share repurchases.

Contracts for the sale of land and personal property:the equitable interests of the purchaser

As property lawyers, we are all familiar with the general principle that a contract for the sale of land, which is capable of specific performance, operates in equity so as to confer a trust on the purchaser pending completion of the sale. Although some controversy exists as to the exact nature of the trust, it is well established that, upon exchange of contracts, equity will ‘‘treat that as done which ought to be done’’1 with the consequence that the purchaser acquires equitable ownership even though full (legal) title to the land will not pass until completion (and registration). As land is unique, specific performance is readily available in the context of sales of land where damages would, clearly, not be an adequate remedy. The same cannot be said for contracts for the purchase of personal property where invariably the subject matter is not unique and where a substitute can easily be acquired in the open market. In circumstances, however, where the property is unique or scarce (for example, a rare painting or vintage car), the maxim that ‘‘equity treats as done that which ought to be done’’ may be invoked so as to confer on the seller an equitable obligation to transfer the property to the purchaser in fulfilment of the contract. Where, therefore, the contract is specifically enforceable in this way, the seller, it is submitted, will again hold the property on trust for the purchaser where, as in a contract for the sale of land, there is an interval between the date of the contract and completion of the sale. The notion that a seller holds personal property upon trust for the purchaser pending completion of the sale is admittedly controversial, but this article seeks to argue that the same principles governing equity’s intervention in sales of land should apply in the context of sales of personalty. It is submitted that equity’s role in imposing a trust on the vendor both in relation to sales of land and personalty may be important in safeguarding the interests of the purchaser prior to, as well as after, completion of the transaction.