Deformations of N=2 superconformal algebra and supersymmetric two-component Camassa-Holm equation

This paper is concerned with a link between central extensions of N = 2 superconformal algebra and a supersymmetric two-component generalization of the Camassa-Holm equation. Deformations of superconformal algebra give rise to two compatible bracket structures. One of the bracket structures is derived from the central extension and admits a momentum operator which agrees with the Sobolev norm of a co-adjoint orbit element. The momentum operator induces, via Lenard relations, a chain of conserved Hamiltonians of the resulting supersymmetric Camassa-Holm hierarchy.

Electrophoretic deposition of ZrO(2)-Y(2)O(3): a bi-component study concerning self-assemblies

There are many industrial advantages of using mechanical multi-oxides mixtures to obtain ceramic parts by electrophoretic deposition (EPD). This is mainly because one could avoid complex chemical synthesis routes to achieve a desirable composition. However, EPD of these suspensions is not an easy task as well since many different surfaces are present, leading to unexpected suspension behavior. The particles surface potentials and interactions can, however, be predicted by an extension of the DLVO theory. Using this theory, one can control the suspension properties and particles distribution. The objective of this work was to apply the colloidal chemistry theories to promote the formation of a heterocoagulation between ZrO(2) and Y(2)O(3) particles in ethanol suspension to achieve a suitable condition for EPD. After identifying a condition where those particles had opposite surface charges and adequate relative sizes, heterocoagulation was observed at operational pH 7.5, generating an organized agglomerate with ZrO(2) particles surrounding Y(2)O(3), with a net zeta potential of -16.6 mV. Since the agglomerates were stable, EPD could be carried out and homogeneous deposits were obtained. The deposited bodies were sintered at 1600 A degrees C for 4 h and partially stabilized ZrO(2) could be obtained without traces of Y(2)O(3) second phases.

A interdisciplinaridade no 2º Ciclo do Ensino Regular e Ensino Vocacional de Dança no âmbito da disciplina de Expressão Criativa na Escola de Dança do Orfeão de Leiria

Relatório Final de Estágio apresentado à Escola Superior de Dança, com vista à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ensino de Dança.

Effects of two types of fatigue on the VO(2) slow component.

The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis of the involvement of type II fibres in the V.O (2) slow component phenomenon by using two prior fatiguing protocols on the knee extensor muscles. Nine subjects performed three constant-load cycling exercises at a work rate corresponding to 80 % of their V.O (2) max: (i) preceded by a 20-min fatiguing protocol using electromyostimulation (EMS), (ii) preceded by a 20-min fatiguing protocol using voluntary contractions (VOL), and (iii) without fatiguing protocol (NFP). Voluntary and evoked neuromuscular properties of the knee extensor muscles were tested before (PRE) and after (POST) the two fatiguing protocols. Results show a significant reduction in voluntary force after both fatiguing protocols (-19.9 % and -11.8 %, in EMS and VOL, respectively p<0.01). After EMS, this decrease was greater than after VOL (p<0.05) and was combined with a slackening of muscle contractile properties which was absent after VOL (p<0.05). Regarding the effects on oxygen uptake kinetics, the appearance of the slow component was delayed after EMS and its amplitude was lower than those obtained in VOL and NFP conditions (0.48+/-0.07 vs. 0.75+/-0.09 and 0.69+/-0.08 L . min (-1), respectively; p<0.05). It can thus be concluded that exercises dedicated to preferentially fatiguing type II fibres may alter V.O (2) kinetics.

Secretory component delays the conversion of secretory IgA into antigen-binding competent F(ab')2: a possible implication for mucosal defense.

Secretory component (SC) represents the soluble ectodomain of the polymeric Ig receptor, a membrane protein that transports mucosal Abs across epithelial cells. In the protease-rich environment of the intestine, SC is thought to stabilize the associated IgA by unestablished molecular mechanisms. To address this question, we reconstituted SC-IgA complexes in vitro by incubating dimeric IgA (IgAd) with either recombinant human SC (rSC) or SC isolated from human colostral milk (SCm). Both complexes exhibited an identical degree of covalency when exposed to redox agents, peptidyl disulfide isomerase, and temperature changes. In cross-competition experiments, 50% inhibition of binding to IgAd was achieved at approximately 10 nM SC competitor. Western blot analysis of IgAd digested with intestinal washes indicated that the alpha-chain in IgAd was primarily split into a 40-kDa species, a phenomenon delayed in rSC- or SCm-IgAd complexes. In the same assay, either of the SCs was resistant to degradation only if complexed with IgAd. In contrast, the kappa light chain was not digested at all, suggesting that the F(ab')2 region was left intact. Accordingly, IgAd and SC-IgAd digestion products retained functionality as indicated by Ag reactivity in ELISA. Size exclusion chromatography under native conditions of digested IgAd and rSC-IgAd demonstrates that SC exerts its protective role in secretory IgA by delaying cleavage in the hinge/Fc region of the alpha-chain, not by holding together degraded fragments. The function of integral secretory IgA and F(ab')2 is discussed in terms of mucosal immune defenses.

Effects of regular insulin or insulin LISPRO on glucose metabolism after an oral glucose load in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Seven obese Type 2 diabetic patients were studied for two 4-h periods after ingestion of a glucose load to determine the effects of preprandial subcutaneous injection of Insulin Lispro (5 min before the meal) or regular insulin (20 min before the meal) on glucose metabolism. Glucose production and utilisation were measured using a dual isotope method. After Lispro, the mean postprandial increase in plasma glucose was 29% lower and the increase in insulin concentration 25% higher than after regular insulin (p < 0.05). Suppression of endogenous glucose production was similar with both types of insulin. Thus, preprandial injection of Lispro reduced postprandial glucose increments in Type 2 diabetic patients as compared to regular insulin. This effect is best explained by the increased postprandial bioavailability of Lispro.

An Efficient Multi-component Synthesis of 6-Amino-3-methyl-4-Aryl-2,4- dihydropyrano[2,3-c]Pyrazole-5-carbonitriles

Multi-component reactions are effective in building complex molecules in a single step in a minimum amount of time and with facile isolation procedures; they have high economy1–7 and thus have become a powerful synthetic strategy in recent years.8–10 The multicomponent protocols are even more attractive when carried out in aqueous medium. Water offers several benefits, including control over exothermicity, and the isolation of products can be carried out by single phase separation technique. Pyranopyrazoles are a biologically important class of heterocyclic compounds and in particular dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles play an essential role in promoting biological activity and represent an interesting template in medicinal chemistry. Heterocyclic compounds bearing the 4-H pyran unit have received much attention in recent years as they constitute important precursors for promising drugs.11–13 Pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles exhibit analgesic,14 anti-cancer,15 anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory16 activity. Furthermore dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles show molluscidal activity17,18 and are used in a screening kit for Chk 1 kinase inhibitor activity.19,20 They also find applications as pharmaceutical ingredients and bio-degradable agrochemicals.21–29 Junek and Aigner30 first reported the synthesis of pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives from 3-methyl-1-phenylpyrazolin-5-one and tetracyanoethylene in the presence of triethylamine. Subsequently, a number of synthetic approaches such as the use of triethylamine,31 piperazine,32 piperidine,33 N-methylmorpholine in ethanol,34 microwave irradiation,35,36 solvent-free conditions,37–39 cyclodextrins (CDs),40 different bases in water,41 γ -alumina,42 and l-proline43 have been reported for the synthesis of 6-amino-4-alkyl/aryl-3-methyl- 2,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitriles. Recently, tetraethylammonium bromide (TEABr) has emerged as mild, water-tolerant, eco-friendly and inexpensive catalyst. To the best of our knowledge, quaternary ammonium salts, more specifically TEABr, have notbeen used as catalysts for the synthesis of pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles, and we decided to investigate the application of TEABr as a catalyst for the synthesis of a series of pyrazole-fused pyran derivatives via multi-component reactions

Atitude dos professores do 1º e 2º ciclos do ensino básico face à inclusão de alunos com dislexia no ensino regular

Através dos tempos, a legislação que disciplina a Inclusão de alunos com deficiência nas escolas regulares, sofreu transformações que conduziram a uma crescente responsabilização dessas mesmas escolas, pela Inclusão destes alunos numa perspectiva de "Escola Para Todos". Desta forma, este trabalho pretende apresentar um estudo sobre a inclusão de Disléxicos. O seu objectivo principal foi conhecer as atitudes dos professores, perante o factor inclusão, de alunos com Dislexia. Tendo em conta os objectivos que regulam este estudo e fundamentam este trabalho, a selecção metodológica deliberada tem um carácter descritivo, no quadro do paradigma quantitativo. (Doyle, 1978), após uma recolha de dados por questionário triangulando-o com o paradigma qualitativo, uma vez que estamos convictos de que ― as técnicas triangulares nas Ciências Sociais visam explicar de maneira mais completa, a riqueza e complexidade do comportamento humano estudando-o desde mais que um ponto de vista‖ (Cohen e Manion, 1990:331). A metodologia de triangulação com predominância das técnicas quantitativas foi aplicada a uma amostra constituída por docentes do 1º, 2º Ciclos, do concelho de Baião. Utilizamos como instrumento para a recolha de dados, um questionário com catorze perguntas fechadas, por nós elaborado, que foi preenchido individualmente pelos professores. Posteriormente os resultados foram analisados para testar a hipótese descrita. A análise dos resultados permitiu retirar as seguintes conclusões: 1) As atitudes dos docentes perante a integração de alunos disléxicos que afirmam que não criam dificuldades no processo de ensino/aprendizagem são mais favoráveis do que os docentes que acham que a integração desses alunos cria dificuldades no processo de ensino/aprendizagem; 2) Há uma maior percentagem de professores que consideram que a inclusão de alunos disléxicos tem como aspecto positivo a promoção de igualdade; 3) A proporção de docentes que concorda com alunos disléxicos na turma é significativamente mais elevada do que a proporção de docentes que não concordam com esses alunos na turma. Se os professores concordam com os alunos disléxicos na turma, se promovem aspectos positivos tais como a igualdade, e se afirmam que os mesmos não causam dificuldades no processo de ensino aprendizagem, automaticamente apresentam uma atitude positiva favorecendo a inclusão do aluno em turmas regulares.

Sexualidade nas NEE – Trissomia 21 : perspetivas dos docentes do Ensino Regular do 1.º, 2.º e 3.º Ciclo

O seguinte trabalho de investigação foi realizado no âmbito da dissertação de Mestrado em Ciências da Educação: Educação Especial - Domínio Cognitivo-Motor. Este projeto de investigação intitula-se «Sexualidade nas NEE – Trissomia 21: Perspetivas dos docentes do Ensino Regular do 1º, 2º e 3º Ciclo» e tem como objetivo o estudo das perspetivas dos professores perante manifestações sexuais de alunos portadores de Trissomia 21 e divide-se em duas partes fundamentais: o enquadramento teórico e o enquadramento prático. No que diz respeito ao enquadramento teórico, primeiramente procedeu-se à definição da patologia; resumo da sua história; etiologia, ou seja, causas; tipos de trissomia; características, físicas e cognitivas; diagnóstico e intervenção. Seguidamente aprofundaram-se questões ligadas à parte da sexualidade: ideias gerais sobre a sexualidade dos deficientes, o desenvolvimento sexo-afetivo na trissomia 21, contraceção e deficiência mental e princípios e prática da Educação Sexual. Quanto ao enquadramento prático, o estudo do problema levantado, assim como das suas variáveis e hipóteses, foi feito através de um inquérito por questionário, respondido por 36 professores do Ensino Regular do 1º, 2º e 3º ciclo. O questionário em questão continha 15 perguntas de resposta fechada e duas de resposta aberta, onde os professores inquiridos teriam de responder a questões importantes relacionadas com a interação professor – aluno com Trissomia 21, nomeadamente quanto às suas perspetivas face a manifestações sexuais de alunos portadores desta patologia.

Compositional technique for synthesising multi-phase regular arrays

We describe a high-level design method to synthesize multi-phase regular arrays. The method is based on deriving component designs using classical regular (or systolic) array synthesis techniques and composing these separately evolved component design into a unified global design. Similarity transformations ar e applied to component designs in the composition stage in order to align data ow between the phases of the computations. Three transformations are considered: rotation, re ection and translation. The technique is aimed at the design of hardware components for high-throughput embedded systems applications and we demonstrate this by deriving a multi-phase regular array for the 2-D DCT algorithm which is widely used in many vide ocommunications applications.

New Terahertz Laser Lines From (13)CD(3)OH Pumped by Regular and Hot Bands CO(2) Laser

We have used our new pulsed CO(2) laser, operating both on regular and hot bands, to excite the (13)CD(3)OH methanol isotopomer. This has lead to the observation of 13 new high-threshold far-infrared laser emissions (also identified as terahertz laser lines), with frequencies in the range between 24.11 and 102.56 cm(-1) (0.72-3.07 THz). The absorption transitions leading to these new FIR laser emissions have been located by observing the optoacoustic absorption spectra around the CO(2) emissions. Here, we present these new far-infrared laser lines, characterized in wavelength, polarization, offset relative to the center of the pumping CO(2) laser transition, relative intensity, and optimum operation pressure.

Crystal structure of a dimeric Ser49 PLA(2)-like myotoxic component of the Vipera ammodytes meridionalis venomics reveals determinants of myotoxicity and membrane damaging activity

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Fluoride intake from regular and low fluoride dentifrices by 2-3-year-old children: Influence of the dentifrice flavor

This study evaluated the fluoride intake from dentifrices with different fluoride concentrations ([F]) by children aged 24-36 months, as well as the influence of the dentifrice flavor in the amount of fluoride ingested during toothbrushing. Thirty-three children were randomly divided into 3 groups, according to the [F] in the dentifrices: G-A (523 μgF/g), G-B (1,062 μgF/g) and G-C (1,373 μgF/g). Dentifrices A and B are marketed for children, while dentifrice C is a regular product. The amount of F ingested was indirectly obtained, subtracting the amount expelled and the amount left on the toothbrush from the amount initially loaded onto the brush. The results were analyzed by ANOVA, Tukey's test and linear regression analysis (p < 0.05). Children ingested around 60% of the dentifrice loaded onto the brush, but no significant differences were seen among the groups (p > 0.05). Mean daily fluoride intake from dentifrice for G-A, G-B and G-C was 0.022 a, 0.032 a and 0.061 b mg F/kg body weight, respectively (p < 0.01). There was a strong positive correlation (r = 0.86, p < 0.0001) between the amount of dentifrice used and the amount of fluoride ingested during toothbrushing. The results indicate the need for instructing children's parents and care givers to use a small amount of dentifrice (< 0.3 g) to avoid excessive ingestion of fluoride. The use of low-[F] dentifrices by children younger than 6 years also seems to be a good alternative to minimize fluoride intake. Dentifrice flavor did not influence the percentage of fluoride intake.