Recomendações para o desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta de suporte às primeiras decisões projetuais visando ao desempenho energético de edificações de escritório em clima quente

PEDRINI, Aldomar; SZOKOLAY, Steven. Recomendações para o desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta de suporte às primeiras decisões projetuais visando ao desempenho energético de edificações de escritório em clima quente. Ambiente Construído, Porto Alegre, v. 5, n. 1, p.39-54, jan./mar. 2005. Trimestral. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 04 out. 2010.

Modos projetuais de simulação: uso de ferramentas de simulação térmica no processo projetual de arquitetura

This thesis aims to describe and demonstrate the developed concept to facilitate the use of thermal simulation tools during the building design process. Despite the impact of architectural elements on the performance of buildings, some influential decisions are frequently based solely on qualitative information. Even though such design support is adequate for most decisions, the designer will eventually have doubts concerning the performance of some design decisions. These situations will require some kind of additional knowledge to be properly approached. The concept of designerly ways of simulating focuses on the formulation and solution of design dilemmas, which are doubts about the design that cannot be fully understood nor solved without using quantitative information. The concept intends to combine the power of analysis from computer simulation tools with the capacity of synthesis from architects. Three types of simulation tools are considered: solar analysis, thermal/energy simulation and CFD. Design dilemmas are formulated and framed according to the architect s reflection process about performance aspects. Throughout the thesis, the problem is investigated in three fields: professional, technical and theoretical fields. This approach on distinct parts of the problem aimed to i) characterize different professional categories with regards to their design practice and use of tools, ii) investigate preceding researchers on the use of simulation tools and iii) draw analogies between the proposed concept, and some concepts developed or described in previous works about design theory. The proposed concept was tested in eight design dilemmas extracted from three case studies in the Netherlands. The three investigated processes are houses designed by Dutch architectural firms. Relevant information and criteria from each case study were obtained through interviews and conversations with the involved architects. The practical application, despite its success in the research context, allowed the identification of some applicability limitations of the concept, concerning the architects need to have technical knowledge and the actual evolution stage of simulation tools

Do modelo geométrico ao modelo físico: o tridimensional na educação do arquiteto e urbanista

In the teaching practice of architecture and urbanism in Brazil, educational legislation views modeling laboratories and workshops as an indispensable component of the infrastructure required for the good functioning of any architectural course of study. Although the development of information technology at the international level has created new possibilities for digital production of architectural models, research in this field being underway since the early 1990s, it is only from 2007 onwards that such technologies started to be incorporated into the teaching activity of architecture and urbanism in Brazil, through the pioneering experience at LAPAC/FEC/UNICAMP. It is therefore a recent experiment whose challenges can be highlighted through the following examples: (i) The implementation of digital prototyping laboratories in undergraduate courses of architecture and urbanism is still rare in Brazil; (ii) As a new developing field with few references and application to undergraduate programs, it is hard to define methodological procedures suitable for the pedagogical curricula already implemented or which have already been consolidated over the years; (iii) The new digital ways for producing tridimensional models are marked with specificities which make it difficult to fit them within the existing structures of model laboratories and workshops. Considering the above, the present thesis discusses the tridimensional model as a tool which may contribute to the development of students skills in perceiving, understanding and representing tridimensional space. Analysis is made of the relation between different forms of models and the teaching of architectural project, with emphasis on the design process. Starting from the conceptualization of the word model as it is used in architecture and urbanism, an attempt is made to identify types of tridimensional models used in the process of project conception, both through the traditional, manual way of model construction as well as through the digital ones. There is also an explanation on how new technologies for digital production of models through prototyping are being introduced in undergraduate academic programs of architecture and urbanism in Brazil, as well as a review of recent academic publications in this area. Based on the paradigm of reflective practice in teaching as designed by Schön (2000), the experiment applied in the research was undertaken in the integrated workshop courses of architectural project in the undergraduate program of architecture and urbanism at Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Along the experiment, physical modeling, geometric modeling and digital prototyping are used in distinct moments of the design process with the purpose of observing the suitability of each model to the project s phases. The procedures used in the experiments are very close to the Action Research methodology in which the main purpose is the production of theoretical knowledge by improving the practice. The process was repeated during three consecutive semesters and reflection on the results which were achieved in each cycle helped enhancing the next one. As a result, a methodological procedure is proposed which consists of the definition of the Tridimensional Model as the integrating element for the contents studied in a specific academic period or semester. The teaching of Architectural Project as it is developed along the fifth academic period of the Architecture and Urbanism undergraduate program of UFRN is taken as a reference

Sobre projetos, palavras e imagens: relacionando textos e desenhos nos trabalhos finais de graduação em arquitetura e urbanismo

This research continues the current debate about the role of the images and the words in the architectural design persuasion, where we emphasize the increasing valuation of written documents (FORTY, 2004; MARKUS; CAMERON, 2002), the seduction for the graphical representation (DURAND, 2003) and the rhetorical effects of the graphical and textual resources (TOSTRUP, 1999). Based on these quarrels, we look for verify in the graduate final projects the relation between the design texts and images. From the PROJEDATA, database of the PROJETAR research group (UFRN), we selected the final projects of two brazilians universities, UFRN and USP, that in a first analysis, they had shown as ideal types of two distinct design presentation models, respectively: texts and drawings in separated documents, or combined in an only support. Based on Markus explanation about the function and the content of the texts, on the Durand perspective with regard to graphical representation uses and on Tostrup point of view concerning the rhetorical potential of texts and drawings, we analyze, in a set of 25 projects, how the students relate the textual and imagetical speeches. For this, we related the focus of each speech, in order to verify the possible coherence between both. We conclude that in the model of USP final project the coherence between the texts and the drawings is clearer than in the model adopted in UFRN

Análise de métodos para aplicação de ventilação natural em projetos de edificações em Natal-RN

Natural ventilation is an efficient bioclimatic strategy, one that provides thermal comfort, healthful and cooling to the edification. However, the disregard for quality environment, the uncertainties involved in the phenomenon and the popularization of artificial climate systems are held as an excuse for those who neglect the benefits of passive cooling. The unfamiliarity with the concept may be lessened if ventilation is observed in every step of the project, especially in the initial phase in which decisions bear a great impact in the construction process. The tools available in order to quantify the impact of projected decisions consist basically of the renovation rate calculations or computer simulations of fluids, commonly dubbed CFD, which stands for Computational Fluid Dynamics , both somewhat apart from the project s execution and unable to adapt for use in parametric studies. Thus, we chose to verify, through computer simulation, the representativeness of the results with a method of simplified air reconditioning rate calculation, as well as making it more compatible with the questions relevant to the first phases of the project s process. The case object consists of a model resulting from the recommendations of the Código de Obras de Natal/ RN, customized according to the NBR 15220. The study has shown the complexity in aggregating a CFD tool to the process and the need for a method capable of generating data at the compatible rate to the flow of ideas and are discarded during the project s development. At the end of our study, we discuss the necessary concessions for the realization of simulations, the applicability and the limitations of both the tools used and the method adopted, as well as the representativeness of the results obtained

Todo Brasileiro merece nível A : habitação multifamiliar para o programa minha casa minha vida energeticamente eficiente

This thesis describes the theoretical, methodological and programmatic proposal for a multifamily residential building located in the urban expansion area of Parnamirim/RN, inserted in the program Minha Casa Minha Vida and level of energy efficiency "A", as the RegulamentoTécnico de Qualidade (RTQ-R/INMETRO) for residential buildings. The development project initially consists of procedures as the study of theoretical, architectural programming and cases studies. With the delimitation of a field solution, situated between the reference and the context, proposals are studied to determine the solution and architectural detailing of the proposal. The architectural program was built based on the method of Problem Seeking (Peña and Parshall, 2001) and research has highlighted aspects of reducing the environmental impact and of the program Minha Casa Minha Vida , among others. The design process was characterized by the incorporation of aspects reviewed and programmed, seeking them compatible and have an economically viable building, socio-spatial quality and energy efficient. The results show that it is possible to obtain a building that meets the constraints of the program that provides housing and energy efficiency level A - and many other environmental qualities and constructive, particularly through architectural design

Acessibilidade no ambiente escolar: reflexões com base no estudo de duas escolas municipais de Natal-RN

This work was originated through the results of the analysis of the services for the needs of people with disabilities that were permitted by the physical space of two schools of the municipality of Natal/RN. The general objective/goal was to subsidize the elaboration of alternatives for the planning of environments that could be used by any person. The study used the empirical research through the adoption of a multimethod approach including: (i) technical visits oriented by the NBR 9050, (ii) contact with users that have reduced mobility (visually impaired and wheelchair or crutch users) through escorted travels and interviews, and (iii) interview with school managers. The evidence from the research, even though with significant development of laws that guarantee people with disabilities their right to citizenship, the physical environment of our schools still present with many obstacles that prevent the mobility of people with disabilities which proves their lack of readiness to accommodate them. Therefore, the actions taken to address the accessibility has been the adoption of temporary solutions that makes the adaptation more difficult, adds obstacles and reinforces the undesirable segregation, however still very present in our society. Finally, there is the indication that in order to achieve the spatial configuration that promotes social contact and integration in between the persons with different physical status, it is necessary to completely comprehend the activities developed in each space, from the conception of the equipment to the individual learning needs, having in mind creating environments that stimulates the execution of the tasks in an independent manner without the assistance of others. The inclusion regarding attention to accessibility in the decision making process, directed to the arquitectural and urban project, would decrease the constant need to redevelop and adapt spaces, and should be definitely incorporated as an important component in the production of space

Da colônia ao shopping: um estudo da evolução tipológica da arquitetura hospitalar em Natal

A conceptual discussion on architectural type and its role in theory and practice supports the construction of an analytical tool used for recognizing the typological evolution of hospital architecture in Western societies. The same tool is applied to analyze the typological evolution of hospital architecture in Natal, Brazil, through a sample of eighteen hospitals built in the city since the beginnings of 20th century. The conclusion is that typological evolution in Natal is almost the same as occidental one, except for a few singularities that can be explained by local social and economic development

Humanização hospitalar, ambiente físico e relações assistenciais :a percepção de arquitetos especialistas

The creation of the Humanization Program of Hospital Care and the increasing number of academic works and journal articles that discuss more humane practices in the health care services express the emphasis given to the theme in Brazil. In these discussions, however, it is not usual to find reference to architecture as a relevant factor in the humanization of hospitals, even though it is known that the physical structure of the building may help the recovering of the patients; elements such as gardens, the use of colors and open spaces may soften the impact caused by the hospital routine on patients. Considering the contribution the architectural project may bring to the humanization of hospitals, the aim of this study was to verify how the architects perceive the hospital humanization process. Besides having searched for subsides in informal interviews with health professionals, in visits to hospitals and in related seminars, the study was based on semi-structured interviews with architects of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, who are specialists in this kind of projects. The content analysis of the interviews showed that physical space and attendance are essential to the humanization process. Those professionals see two humanization tendencies: while private hospitals have the structural physical appearance considered as humanized, public hospitals emphasize the humanization in attendance, fact that illustrates the contradictions in Brazilian health system. The interviewees consider the post-occupancy evaluation of the building as a learning exercise that contributes to new projects, but surprisingly they do not mention the patients opinion as part of it. Two annoying facts have emerged from the interviews, as also seen in preliminary stages of the study: rare are the works that focus on the person-environment relationship, and the definition of humanized hospital environments is still broad and inaccurate. This suggests the need of new studies in order to better understand how the two factors shown in this study attendance and physical space interact towards a true hospital humanization

O bambu na arquitetura: desing de conexões estruturais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Hospital da mulher

Projeto arquitetônico que consiste na construção de um novo Hospital da Mulher em São José do Rio Preto – SP, que foi o primeiro hospital exclusivo para o público feminino da cidade e da região. A ideia era trabalhar apenas com cirurgias limpas ou potencialmente não contaminadas (como cirurgias vasculares, obstétricas, ginecológicas e plásticas), ou seja, com menores riscos de infecção (muito importante principalmente no caso de partos prematuros e do cada vez mais alto percentual de bebês que morrem por causa de infecções hospitalares). Um dos diferenciais do hospital era oferecer ambientes que lembravam uma casa de repouso e instalações hoteleiras, descaracterizando-o de um hospital comum. O investimento em instalações fazia parte do incentivo ao “turismo de saúde” da cidade, que atraia diariamente pacientes de vários municípios e Estados do País. Atualmente o local do antigo hospital é ocupado por uma clínica privada, sendo necessária a construção de um novo prédio, que viria de encontro aos anseios da cidade que, por possuir a Faculdade de Medicina de Rio Preto (FAMERP), vinculada à UNICAMP, ser um pólo regional de saúde com referências à nível nacional teria potencial para abranger uma grande demanda de pacientes diferenciados

Adequação e incremento de escola de futebol integrada a uma praça

Este Projeto Final de Graduação se destina a adequar e a incrementar, através do desenvolvimento de um projeto arquitetônico, a escola de futebol conhecida como Centro de Treinamento Baroninho (CTB), localizada no Jardim Europa, zona Sul da cidade de Bauru, Estado de São Paulo. O programa da escola contempla tanto instalações necessárias a atividade esportiva quanto atividades voltadas à comunidade. Uma praça fecha o conjunto complementando as necessidades de lazer. A região apresenta claras desigualdades sociais, averiguadas em uma simples visita ao local, e o futebol é utilizado como elemento de socialização, de quebra de preconceitos e diferenças

Arquitetura Inclusiva: reabilitação da Escola para Deficientes Visuais de Presidente Prudente, SP

As edificações devem ser adequadas aos usos aos quais se destinam independente de serem públicas ou privadas, e devem ainda contemplar a mobilidade nos ambientes sem que haja riscos físicos ou quaisquer impedimentos que deneguem ou restrinjam a integridade da utilização e vivência das pessoas com deficiência. Neste sentido, este trabalho possui essa preocupação ao propor uma intervenção arquitetônica na Escola Especial para Deficientes Visuais “Prof. Faradei Boscoli” e Sede da Associação Filantrópica de Proteção aos Cegos (AFPC). Como existe um número considerável de deficientes visuais não só no município de Presidente Prudente como na região, verifica-se a importância do papel exercido por essa instituição, principalmente no âmbito da inclusão social. Assim, inicia uma investigação sobre a questão da deficiência visual relacionando a percepção dos indivíduos cegos e com baixa visão. Depois examina projetos arquitetônicos referenciais nessa área de estudo, bem como faz diagnóstico da situação existente da Escola. Na sequência, analisa o potencial do lugar e seu entorno urbano. Por conseguinte, a síntese das etapas anteriores estabelece diretrizes projetuais para apresentar ao final um projeto arquitetônico de reabilitação do espaço da escola/sede, a qual objetiva a melhoria no desempenho de suas funções e ampliação das mesmas. Desse modo, essa proposta visa constituir num auxílio na inclusão social das pessoas com deficiência visual, bem como contribuir no seu desenvolvimento pessoal

Novo Centro de Estudos da Educação e da Saúde (CEES)

A proposta do novo projeto arquitetônico para o Centro de Estudos da Educação e da Saúde pertencente à Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências – UNESP Campus de Marília, visa, de forma geral, atuar como um estabelecimento de apoio para a cidade de Marília e demais cidades da região nas questões relativas ao diagnóstico e à reabilitação física, mental, motora e fonoaudiológica, através dos estágios supervisionados dos cursos de Fisioterapia, Fonoaudiologia e Terapia Ocupacional da instituição. Dessa forma, através de uma arquitetura humanizada voltada e pensada no ser humano, a unidade auxiliar contribui para a inclusão social dos indivíduos portadores de deficiência ou com restrição à mobilidade através do restabelecimento e/ou melhora de suas capacidades, desenvolvendo uma sociedade inclusiva e uma vida saudável, além de proporcionar um ambiente eficiente e fundamental no processo de ensino superior

Requalificação urbana em Luanda

O plano inicial é de desenvolver um projeto em uma área com 602.087,50 km2, em um dos bairros da periferia da cidade de Luanda capital de Angola. A idéia principal é de melhorar as condições de moradias, saneamento básico, acesso ao próprio bairro, acesso ao transporte, infra-estrutura urbana e outros. Chamaria este projeto como célula modelo em que futuramente poder-se-ia espelhar ou até mesmo reproduzir para outras áreas adjacentes. Será um projeto de parceria, entre governo, e entidades privadas ou até mesmo financiamento através dos bancos, e o principal objetivo é chegar a um projeto que funcione e que se possa aplicar futuramente. Com base no aprendizado sobre os planos diretores e instrumentos de gestão urbana, adquiridos durante o curso, se vai fazer um projeto adaptado ao sistema ou mesmo à legislação de Angola