Religión y terrorismo: el papel del islam en el terrorismo de al Qaeda

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Conflict and child labor: evidence from poor households in Colombia

Colombia suffers from one of the longest civil conflicts in the world, which is believed to have had several consequences on the country’s economic and development performance. This study uses measures of central government deterrence effort as instruments of conflict to estimate the impact of conflict on children’s time allocation to two different types of work: housework and work performed outside the household for poor families living in small municipalities in Colombia. I find that conflict significantly increases the amount of time children allocate to work. Both housework, for girls, and work outside the household, for boys, increase with Guerrilla attacks. However, the later effect is the opposite for Paramilitary attacks.

Poor people and risky business

We try to explain why economic conflicts and illegal business often take place in poor countries. We use the concept of subsistence level of consumption (d) and assume a regular concave utility function for consumption levels higher than d. For consumption levels lower than d utility is constant and equal to zero. Under this framework poor agents are risk-lovers. This result helps to explain why economic conflicts are more likely to appear in poor economies and why poor agents are more willing to undertake illegal business.

Conflict, wages, and multiple equilibria

Firms’ compensation practices affect the protection of investors’ interests and the degree of economic inequality by changing the stakes of engaging in appropriation activities versus respecting the status quo. We use a general equilibrium model where workers can either work peacefully or join a guerrilla movement that expropriates entrepreneurs. If workers are peaceful, they receive a competitive wage. If they join a guerrilla movement, they receive a share of the appropriated wealth, which depends positively on the number of guerrilla members. In this framework, we find one low-income, low-wage equilibrium with guerrilla activity and one peaceful, high-income, high-wage equilibrium. The peaceful equilibrium can be reached through redistribution policies, which can be implemented at the firm level. In essence, through their compensation policies entrepreneurs, not the state might be able to protect their assets against expropriation and simultaneously control the internal principal-agent problem.

Financial protection for the poor in Colombia: the effects of a subsidized health insurance scheme

Financial protection is one of the objectives of health systems, which protects poor households from falling into poverty as a result of health care related expenses. Expanding prepayment schemes to the poor is difficult in developing countries because labor is largely informal. Providing health care free-at-point-of-service does not adequately target spending on the poorest, but occupation- or community-based schemes have also inherent limitations to achieve universal coverage. Colombia adopted a government-subsidized health insurance scheme (SHI) strategy. The political debate about increasing SHI enrollment needs evidence about the effectiveness of this scheme regarding financial protection. This study runs a four-part model to estimate the effect of SHI on out-of-pocket expenses by the poor that are currently uninsured, if they were enrolled in the SHI. The results show a 43% and 50% reduction in expenses at Bogotá and national level respectively, which confirms the effectiveness of SHI as a financial protection tool.

Gender differences in time allocation of poor children in Colombia

This paper studies the effect of credit constraints and constraints on transfers between parents and children, on differences in labor and schooling across children within the same household, with an application to gender. When families are unconstrained in these respects, differences in labor supply or education are driven by differences in wages or returns to education. If the family faces an imperfect capital market, the labor supply of each child is inefficient, but differences across children are still driven by comparative advantage. However, if interfamily transfers are constrained so that parents cannot offset inequality between their children, they will favor the human capital accumulation of the more disadvantaged child -generally the one who works more as a child. We use our theory to examine the gender gap in child labor. Using a sample of poor families in Colombia, we conform our predictions among rural households, although this is less clear for urban households. The gender gap is largely explained by the wage gap between girls and boys. Moreover, families with the potential to make capital transfers to adult children (e.g. those with large animals), can compensate adult sons for their greater child labor and reduced educational attainment. In such families, as predicted, the male/female labor gap is greater.

Incidencia del gasto en educación sobre los hogares en Bogotá en 2003

Se evalúa el impacto redistributivo de las políticas educativas en Bogotá mediante el Análisis de Incidencia del Beneficio. A pesar que los hogares son autónomos con respecto a la elección entre la educación oficial y no oficial, la provisión pública de la educación genera fuertes impactos progresivos en el ingreso que se explayan hacia reducciones de pobreza y desigualdad, sin importar el cálculo del subsidio que se impute al ingreso.

La influencia de las prácticas y creencias religiosas de la Misión Carismática Internacional de Bogotá en el proceso de toma de decisiones electorales de sus feligreses (2010-2014)

La religión cumple un papel fundamental en la constitución de las sociedades y, por ende, de las comunidades políticas. El propósito de este trabajo es estudiar el tipo de prácticas y creencias más recurrentes en la congregación religiosa Misión Carismática Internacional y la manera en que estas influyen en el proceso de toma de decisiones electorales de sus feligreses. Con el fin de aportar a la comprensión de la relación entre religión y política, a partir del caso se explica hasta qué punto la religión es soporte de la actividad política.

Tiempo libre y educación de la fe.

Resumen basado en el del autor

Isabel I de Castilla : mito , leyenda y realidad de una reina.

Este proyecto de innovación educativa se presentó en el Congreso Internacional de Innovación en la Educación celebrado en Valladolid los dias 26, 27 y 28 de abril de 2005

Informe sobre el estudio referente a elección de Centros de Enseñanza por los padres.

Trabajo descriptivo que intenta conocer las motivaciones de los padres al escoger el Centro educativo de sus hijos para la EGB. Universo: padre con algún hijo estudiando primero de EGB. Errores de muestreo +/2,67 ; nivel de confianza 95 por ciento. Muestreo estratificado. Variables: sexo, centro (público-privado), región (6 regiones), posibilidades de elegir centro (número de centros por región y tipo). Investigación sociológica. Aplicación de encuestas. El cuestionario recoge información sobre los siguientes aspectos: datos sociodemográficos, socio-económicos y familiares. Características del Centro ideal buscado y el real encontrado. Proceso de decisión. Costes de la Enseñanza. Cuestionario ad hoc. Consta de 105 ítems con respuestas abiertas y cerradas. Frecuencias. Porcentajes. Al considerar el Centro ideal, lo más apreciado es el profesorado, seguido por el tipo de Enseñanza y la organización interna del Centro; en esto último, la mayoría aspira a participar y colaborar con el Centro. En general, son partidarios de la autodisciplina (con diferencias según tipo de Colegio). También se observa una tendencia a repartir lo más posible las responsabilidades del Centro entre sus órganos. Respecto al tipo de Enseñanza deseada, una mayoría se inclina por una Pedagogía integral y práctico-activa. Los aspectos religiosos son poco considerados; de hecho, un cuarto de la muestra piensa que no debería impartirse. Por otro lado, la satisfacción por el Centro real es alta. Se observa una despreocupación por el tipo de Enseñanza (en contraste con lo anterior). Por último, al elegir el Centro apenas se pide información al respecto y no se consideran alternativas. Casi la mitad eligen por razones económicas o de proximidad. En general, los padres están contentos con el Centro elegido. Los aspectos más valorados son el profesorado y el tipo de Educación (métodos didácticos), en este punto se observa una gran demanda de educación diferenciada. Por último, hay un deseo general de participación activa en la gestión del Centro escolar.

A expressão do corpo na prática religiosa protestante

o objetivo deste trabalho foi mostrar como o corpo considerado "templo do Espírito Santo" -ê trabalhado na prática religiosa protestante. Secundarizado diante da alma, deve este corpo ser objeto de disciplina rigorosa. Este aprendizado -do corpo dócil e submisso -é obtido através de intensa doutrinação e renúncia aos prazeres da vida terrena, transformando o crente num ser diferente, separado e exemplo vivo de fé cristã. Inicialmente, foi apresentada a origem do protestantismo brasileiro, sua caracterização e implantação, seguida pela descrição da prática protestante através dos ritos, dos demônios e do mundanismo. Finalmente, foi levantada a evolução histórica do corpo e sua expressão no ambiente religioso, analisando teorias psicológicas sobre mente/corpo, comparando-as com os conteúdos da doutrina protestante e examinando as formas como o controle e a repressão são exercidos sobre corpo/mente do crente.

Razão e Fé: estudo do grupo de oração como prática complementar na promoção à saúde

The World Health Organization (WHO) has given special attention to therapeutic procedures other than those practiced in conventional therapy, including homeopathy, phytotherapy, spiritual therapies and prayers, making possible the transition from a mere medicalizating model to a holistic view of the human being. This trend, earmarked in 1978 at the Alma-Ata Conference, questions the ability of technological and specialized medicine to solve the health problems of humankind. In Brazil, the onset of the Brazilian unified health system in 1988, introduced changes in the population s health care model where, within the scope of basic care, emphasis has been given to the Family Health Program since 1994. In this scenery, there is a broad area of complementary practices used in promoting health and preventing and treating diseases to support an understanding of the habits and beliefs underpinning popular practices. The purpose of this study was to analyze the perception users participating in the Peace and Balance group of the Family Health Unit of Nova Cidade, in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, started in 1999, have of the relationship between the experience of prayer and the changes that may have taken place in their lives after joining the group. It is a case study of descriptive nature and qualitative approach. The data were collected during focus group interviews between January and February 2007, using as tools a questionnaire to describe the research participants and a discussion outline. The theoretical support approached the following: religion and the evolution of thought; complementary health practices; and religion as a complementary health practice. Those interviewed reported, as results of such experience, a reduction in stress and depression, an increase in socialization and self-esteem, improved family interaction, comfort, safety, assurance, improved blood pressure levels and a decrease in the use of antihypertension medication and psychopharmacs. Although most professionals do not consider attention to the religious and spiritual aspects an effective therapeutical complement in health care, its understanding and practice may democratize knowledge and relationships, out of which they can learn how to make health production more effective, strengthening assurance and confidence, and developing and expanding soft technologies aimed at health care promotion and wholeness

Caso Rushdie: uma análise da relação entre islamismo e direitos humanos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A controvérsia nestoriana e suas implicações político-administrativas nas cartas de Cirilo de Alexandria (séc. V d.c.)

Pós-graduação em História - FCHS