976 resultados para Patents as Topic


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In this theme you will work through a series of texts and activities designed to develop the essential personal, organisational, management, theoretical and research skills you need to select an appropriate topic for a Masters/PhD research project.

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Source files for theme 4

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Set of lecture notes and interactive questions on Copyright, Patents and Trademarks

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Topic briefs. Includes marked up topic list which can be used for exam revision purposes.

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Aunque en octubre del año dos mil ocho se cancelaron las pruebas SATS los materiales de esta carpeta consolidan el aprendizaje de esos conocimientos fundamentales y preparan a los alumnos con el nivel adecuado para su paso a la etapa clave tres (Key Stage 3). La carpeta contiene un folleto con diferentes pruebas sobre números, álgebra, formas, estadística y probabilidad, y otro folleto con las respuestas para dar a los estudiantes la oportunidad de identificar las áreas en las que tienen los conocimientos más bajos y poder revisar estos, promoviendo así la autonomía en el trabajo escolar.

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Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n

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One of the important themes in any discussion concerning the application of haploids in agricultural biotechnology or elsewhere is the role of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR). This term covers both the content of patents and the confidential expertise, usually related to methodology and referred to as "Trade Secrets". This review will explain the concepts behind patent protection, and will use the international patent databases to analyse the content of these patents and trends over the last 20 years. This analysis from regions including North America, Europe, and Asia reveals a total of more than 30 granted patents and a larger number of applications. The first of these patents dates from 1986, and although the peak of activity was in the late 1990s, there has been continuous interest to the present day. The subject matter of these patents and applications covers methods for anther and pollen culture, ovule culture, the use of specific haploid-inducing genes, the use of haploids as transformation targets, and the exploitation of genes that regulate embryo development. The species mentioned include cereals, vegetables, flowers, spices and trees.

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One of the recurring themes in any discussion concerning the application of genetic transformation technology is the role of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR). This term covers both the content of patents and the confidential expertise, usually related to methodology and referred to as “Trade Secrets”. This review will explain the concepts behind patent protection, and will discuss the wide-ranging scope of existing patents that cover all aspects of transgenic technology, from selectable markers and novel promoters to methods of gene introduction. Although few of these patents have any significant commercial value, there are a small number of key patents that may restrict the “freedom to operate” of any company seeking to exploit the methods. Over the last twenty years, these restrictions have forced extensive cross-licensing between ag-biotech companies and have been one of the driving forces behind the consolidation of these companies. Although such issues are often considered to be of little interest to the academic scientist working in the public sector, they are of great importance in any debate about the role of “public-good breeding” and of the relationship between the public and private sectors.