Subharmonic Mixer Based on EBG Technology

We present the design of a submillimeter-wave mixer based on electromagnetic band gap (EBG) technology and using subharmonic local oscillator (LO) injection. The indicated device converts an incoming submilimeter wavelength signal into a 1-5 GHz intermediate frequency (IF) signal by mixing it with a subharmonic LO signal. The mixer consists of a dual-band receiver and two coplanar stripline (CPS) filters, collocated on top of a three-dimensional (3-D) EBG structure. A four-element array of the proposed receivers was designed, fabricated and tested. The configuration demonstrated reasonable performance: conversion loss below 8 dB and noise temperature below 3000 K. The presented concept can be used for higher frequencies, provided the availability of sufficiently powerful LO sources.

Inhomogeneous source uniformization using a shell mixer Köhler integrator

High flux and high CRI may be achieved by combining different chips and/or phosphors. This, however, results in inhomogeneous sources that, when combined with collimating optics, typically produce patterns with undesired artifacts. These may be a combination of spatial, angular or color non-uniformities. In order to avoid these effects, there is a need to mix the light source, both spatially and angularly. Diffusers can achieve this effect, but they also increase the etendue (and reduce the brightness) of the resulting source, leading to optical systems of increased size and wider emission angles. The shell mixer is an optic comprised of many lenses on a shell covering the source. These lenses perform Kohler integration to mix the emitted light, both spatially and angularly. Placing it on top of a multi-chip Lambertian light source, the result is a highly homogeneous virtual source (i.e, spatially and angularly mixed), also Lambertian, which is located in the same position with essentially the same size (so the average brightness is not increased). This virtual light source can then be collimated using another optic, resulting in a homogeneous pattern without color separation. Experimental measurements have shown optical efficiency of the shell of 94%, and highly homogeneous angular intensity distribution of collimated beams, in good agreement with the ray-tracing simulations.

Lifetimes of intermediates in the β-sheet to α-helix transition of β-lactoglobulin by using a diffusional IR mixer

The extremely slow α-helix/β-sheet transition of proteins is a crucial step in amylogenic diseases and represents an internal rearrangement of local contacts in an already folded protein. These internal structural rearrangements within an already folded protein are a critical aspect of biological action and are a product of conformational flow along unknown metastable local minima of the energy landscape of the compact protein. We use a diffusional IR mixer with time-resolved Fourier transform IR spectroscopy capable of 400-μs time resolution to show that the trifluoroethanol driven β-sheet to α-helix transition of β-lactoglobulin proceeds via a compact β-sheet intermediate with a lifetime of 7 ms, small compared with the overall folding time of β-lactoglobulin.

The feed mixer's handbook.

"Suggested reading": p. 173-176.

Permanent damage effects of nuclear radiation on the X-band performance of silicon Schottky-barrier microwave mixer diodes /

S/N 003-003-01635-7.

The boy settler; or, Terry in the new West,

Mode of access: Internet.

The Australian Crusoes, or : the adventures of an English settler and his family in the wilds of Australia /

Mode of access: Internet.

The American settler's guide: a popular exposition of the public land system of the United States of America.

Mode of access: Internet.

Settler and savage one hundred years ago in Australia.

First published in 1867 with the title: Fifty years ago: an Australian tale.

The merry mixer, or, Cocktails and their ilk : a booklet on mixtures and mulches, fizzes and whizzes /

Mode of access: Internet.

Maori and settler : a story of the New Zealand war /

32 p. of publisher's advertisements at end.

Maori and settler : a story of the New Zealand war /

Mode of access: Internet.

Brighter Britain! or, Settler and Maori in northern New Zealand.

Mode of access: Internet.

The Lindsays of America. A genealogical narrative, and family record beginning with the family of the earliest settler in the mother state, Virginia, and including in an appendix all the Lindsays of America.

Blank pages at end: Family record and additions.

Unit, direct support, and general support maintenance repair parts and special tools lists (including depot maintenance repair parts and special tools lists) : mixer, rotary tiller, DED, 4 wheel, pneumatic tired, self-propelled, NSN 3895-00-883-0437, FWD Corporation model B2-ll7l.

"June 1992."